tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-32421933719150354572024-03-08T02:28:43.251-08:00Indigenous Peoples Forum on the Impact of the Doctrine of DiscoveryA forum to address the implications of the Doctrine of Discovery in context of the standards established by the adoption on September 13, 2007 of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples: Local - Regional - Continental - Globalchantlacahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15255116987351106636noreply@blogger.comBlogger72125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3242193371915035457.post-54905516278649129832023-07-04T15:01:00.007-07:002023-07-04T15:08:30.520-07:00stars<br /><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "papyrus";">There were stars</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "papyrus";">Before the sky was turned black</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "papyrus";">By war guns</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "papyrus";">Of alien armies who came</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "papyrus";">To put flame</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "papyrus";">To the land,</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "papyrus";">Searing scars of</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "papyrus";">Colonization, genocide, racism</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "papyrus";">And
greed.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "papyrus";">The echoes still roar.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "papyrus";">Hollow eyed sockets</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "papyrus";">Of false reality still see those rockets,</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "papyrus";">Still stare</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "papyrus";">Into the gory red glare</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "papyrus";">Of scorched earth</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "papyrus";">Burnt bare,</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "papyrus";">Burned to a stump </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "papyrus";">In corporate orange</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "papyrus";">Kool Aid</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "papyrus";">Trumped up</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "papyrus";">Version of</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "papyrus";">White man's burden.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "papyrus";">Claiming the</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "papyrus";">Throne of empire,</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "papyrus";">Gaming the land lust desire,</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "papyrus";">Marketing the electorate,</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "papyrus";">Commodifying the constituencies</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "papyrus";">of</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "papyrus";">White supremacy</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "papyrus";">and</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "papyrus";">Modern day</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "papyrus";">Manifest Destiny.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "papyrus";">Against whom they stood.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "papyrus";">They stood in resistance.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "papyrus";">They stood in rebellion.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "papyrus";">They stand in regeneration.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "papyrus";">They</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "papyrus";">Who are</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "papyrus";">We</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "papyrus";">Indigenous Peoples</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "papyrus";">Understood.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "papyrus";">The stars</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "papyrus";">will return</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "papyrus";">in the</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "papyrus";">sky. </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "papyrus"; font-size: 10pt;">Tupac Enrique Acosta</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "papyrus"; font-size: 10pt;">Huehuecoyotl</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span>Tlazolli</span></b><span> </span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><br />
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<span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>The concept of title in
relation to land is a mythological construct, in which the world view of
cultural identity is embedded and perpetuated across generations.</span></span></span></div><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
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<span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>The simple reason is of
course that the land is eminence itself, preexisting and outlasting any human
society. The relationship with the land,
with the material world which emerges from the land, is then defined and
evidenced by the traditional systems of inheritance and identity which
perpetuate these teachings to the generations of the future. This is universal
for all societies, but it is the traditional Indigenous Peoples from around the
globe that create identity by ecological relationships to the constellations of
families, mountains, rivers, deserts, nations, oceans and stars that define our
homelands in the universe.</span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>The societies of the
European-American settlers do not.</span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>The present systems of the
United States and other governments states of the hemisphere which derive their
justifications for jurisdiction over the land on the<a href="http://doctrineofdiscoveryforum.blogspot.com/p/purpose-goals-and-objectives.html"> Divine Right of Kings to Dominion over the Earth</a> and its Peoples, is pure myth. Or better said, it is false myth -- a dead
story with no teaching to teach but only a power grab to justify.</span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>It cannot even hold coherence
before the science of its own culture, now finally clarified that matter-energy
are aspects of relationship to life, with automatic inflection by the world
view of each clan, family, tribe, community, nation, and culture.</span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>To claim ownership by land
title today in view of the above is the equivalent of proclaiming that the
world is flat. It is the position of a lost world, and a false reality. It is an empire with no clothes.</span></span></span></div><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
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<span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">Tupac Enrique Acosta</span><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">chantlaca@tonatierra.org</span><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">TONATIERRA</span><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">www.tonatierra.org</span></span></div><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
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<i><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman italic";">TLAZOLLI
is the sacred weaving of elements, our tie to Tonantzin - Our Sacred Mother
Earth - that connects Heaven:Earth like an umbilical cord weaving sacred realities
known as: Mexico. It is what the religions of the world call love and the
scientists call gravity. </span></span></i><br />
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<i><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman italic";"><b><span style="color: #990000;">************** </span></b></span></span></i><br />
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: black;"><i>The following is a transcription of the intervention submitted to the United
States Government representative to the United Nations Commission on Human
Rights in Geneva, Switzerland in 1987. It is being offered here as an
initiative of the Archives of Aztlan.</i></span><i><span style="color: black;"><br />
<br />
In Geneva in 1987, we met with traditional leaders from the Indigenous Peoples
of South Africa, chieftains of the Zulu who were living in exile in Switzerland
due to their trade union activism. We discussed the points that we were
bringing forward and compared our histories and knowledge. Upon reading our
position paper which called for the reopening of the question of integration of
the territories within the bounds of the US control in light of the current
international instruments and protocols for decolonization, these leaders
immediately drafted a parallel document that exposed as identical the legal
tactics of the British-Boer regimes to those of the British-American techniques
of colonization.</span></i></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman italic";"><b> </b></span></span></i><a href="http://cdb-tonatierra.blogspot.com/2013/02/nohuanyolqueh-following-is.html"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">Archives of Aztlan: Tlahtokan Izkalotl</span></b></a><br />
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<span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"><br /><br />YouTube:</span></span></span></span><br />
</span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: black;"><b><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fOe0-VoRR10"><span><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif">stars</span></span></a></span></span></span></span></b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: black;"><b><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span><span><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-KhF9d18KXVJdPcCB3AYWqu-sX5msbfMmWR8nwvhx5y1jB0ehl8srUFOLRVKdZk1KguMyEA3uI1Y6xKqGDaT-OAuFpN0Fj1qNg4qNXojJDX7gO92GAaVyCWw84gfay63Q8i-yXP35BZ1IYsKOeCpGKNwY7MPs0NGYNcazBRMdeIqMEBtdPfZiw5znCdIO/s768/Screen%20Shot%202013-04-12%20at%209.11.33%20AM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="583" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-KhF9d18KXVJdPcCB3AYWqu-sX5msbfMmWR8nwvhx5y1jB0ehl8srUFOLRVKdZk1KguMyEA3uI1Y6xKqGDaT-OAuFpN0Fj1qNg4qNXojJDX7gO92GAaVyCWw84gfay63Q8i-yXP35BZ1IYsKOeCpGKNwY7MPs0NGYNcazBRMdeIqMEBtdPfZiw5znCdIO/w486-h640/Screen%20Shot%202013-04-12%20at%209.11.33%20AM.png" width="486" /></a></div> </span></span></span></span></span></b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black;"><b><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span><span> <a href="https://doctrineofdiscoveryforum.blogspot.com/2022/07/dismantling-doctrine-of-discovery.html" target="_blank">Dismantling the Doctrine of Discovery:</a></span></span></span></span></span></b></span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: black;"><b><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span><span><a href="https://doctrineofdiscoveryforum.blogspot.com/2022/07/dismantling-doctrine-of-discovery.html" target="_blank"> <br /></a></span></span></span></span></span></b></span></span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: black;"><b><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span><span><a href="https://doctrineofdiscoveryforum.blogspot.com/2022/07/dismantling-doctrine-of-discovery.html" target="_blank">"Apologies do not bring justice." </a></span></span></span></span></span></b></span></span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: black;"><b><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span><span><a href="https://doctrineofdiscoveryforum.blogspot.com/2022/07/dismantling-doctrine-of-discovery.html" target="_blank"><br /></a></span></span></span></span></span></b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: black;"><b><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span><span> </span></span></span></span></span></b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: black;"><b><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span><span><br /></span></span></span></span></span></b><i><br /></i></span></span></div>
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{page:WordSection1;}</style></p>chantlacahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15255116987351106636noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3242193371915035457.post-26240833017469424602023-04-26T22:51:00.001-07:002023-04-26T22:51:20.666-07:00 Ayotzinapa: April 26, 2023 Open Letter to Arizona Senators Sinema and Kelly<br /><div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-8383187024784614870" itemprop="description articleBody"><div class="post-header">
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES"> </span></span></b></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></b></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES">TONATIERRA</span></span></b></span></p><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></b></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES">Human Rights
Commission</span></span></b></span></p><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></b></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES"> </span></span></b></span></p><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></b></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES">PO Box 24009<span> </span>Phoenix, AZ 85074 </span></span></span></p><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES">www.tonatierra.org
</span></span></span></p><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES">Contact: Tupac
Enrique Acosta</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></b></span><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></b></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 50.9pt; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0.1pt 50.9pt;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b><span lang="ES" style="font-size: large; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></b></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="ES" style="font-size: large; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7FuM0bC8qZ6RjBK5HNjPmU_itRz5-CLxHtAFTJCGdkm-ham91TvDQGfYSIKiTFziPOZZbUvEy6GbRVaawLya5jefSmHAvYCVODeGZbR-A5X9iCk-tdq7YBG-0WQRKHM3tnrG_FMGMQamb0Rqm4RNf1bMoJCac359qyNPCjEVlGtGBR60kTrwm6CKe/s400/Kuauhtli.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="384" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7FuM0bC8qZ6RjBK5HNjPmU_itRz5-CLxHtAFTJCGdkm-ham91TvDQGfYSIKiTFziPOZZbUvEy6GbRVaawLya5jefSmHAvYCVODeGZbR-A5X9iCk-tdq7YBG-0WQRKHM3tnrG_FMGMQamb0Rqm4RNf1bMoJCac359qyNPCjEVlGtGBR60kTrwm6CKe/s320/Kuauhtli.jpg" width="307" /></a></span></b></div><b><span lang="ES" style="font-size: large; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></b><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br />Arizona Senator Kyrsten Sinema</span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">3333 E. Camelback Rd, Suite 200</span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">Phoenix, Arizona 85018</span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">Arizona Senator Mark Kelly</span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">2201 E. Camelback Rd, Suite 115</span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">Phoenix, AZ 85016</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">April 26, 2023<br /></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">Dear Arizona Senators Sinema and Kelly,<br /><br /></span></span></p>
<span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"></span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">On September 24, 2021, we submitted a<a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Ut1_Q0sY9yQmk228hDOtjdV2H5e9LGhl/view" target="_blank">
<b>Freedom of Information </b></a>Request along with the WATER PROTECTOR LEGAL COLLECTIVE
requesting disclosure of records related to the case of the <b>Forced Disappearance</b>
of the <b>43 Ayotzinapa</b> students on September 26, 2014, in Iguala Guerrero, Mexico.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><br />
On May 24, 2021, Mexican <b>President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador</b> communicated
he had received files from the United States regarding the investigation of the
2014 Ayotzinapa disappearances and subsequent criminal coverup by officials of
the Mexican government. President Lopez Obrador received these files after a
virtual meeting with <b>Vice President Kamala Harris</b> on May 7, 2021.<span> </span></span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">The TONATIERRA Human Rights Commission has
accompanied the parents and families of the 43 Ayotzinapa students for over
seven years now in their attempts to bring accountability and justice to the case.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Although we have sent this message to
both of your offices on December 26, 2021, via the email address provided on
your website and the message has been confirmed to have been received, we have
not had any substantive response from either of you regarding our request for
assistance in terms of bringing to light the relevant information as outlined
our initial FOI request.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">We shall continue to follow up with your offices to
arrange for a meeting to discuss the particulars of the human rights issues
involved.</span></span></span></p>
<span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Sincerely,<br /><br /></span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Tupac Enrique Acosta</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">TONATIERRA<br /><br /></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjepnw-3dXU11pbybgTyNLuCRJnvZqdAp5tJ9u3i8kZ5VNmI6wEfy5csU1hEfJJ-VeyoNSGUq1jYbofh7nmRgEdfV67OOrCmXT91Cvzd58wDHrXlNxSuPIJMi8j9MDrICCk6sHz_pDLcns7qrarmOIDqBTZ9NIqeW-iJK5BQAaR-GyB-27om0XYh8ly/s934/Ayotzinapa%20Huehuecoyotl%20-%20Version%202.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="696" data-original-width="934" height="297" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjepnw-3dXU11pbybgTyNLuCRJnvZqdAp5tJ9u3i8kZ5VNmI6wEfy5csU1hEfJJ-VeyoNSGUq1jYbofh7nmRgEdfV67OOrCmXT91Cvzd58wDHrXlNxSuPIJMi8j9MDrICCk6sHz_pDLcns7qrarmOIDqBTZ9NIqeW-iJK5BQAaR-GyB-27om0XYh8ly/w400-h297/Ayotzinapa%20Huehuecoyotl%20-%20Version%202.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span style="font-family: georgia;">PRESS RELEASE</span></b></span></p><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></b></span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></b></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><a href="https://redabyayala.blogspot.com/2021/09/ayotzinaparizona-press-conference-today.html?fbclid=IwAR2mr3oxCEf-9nvXI-zRglR_gwq8horiAb0RwvNIOPE3M2w1ZIOTU6tS62A" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span>Comisión
Permanente Ayotzinapa</span></b></span></a></span></p><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><a href="https://redabyayala.blogspot.com/2021/09/ayotzinaparizona-press-conference-today.html?fbclid=IwAR2mr3oxCEf-9nvXI-zRglR_gwq8horiAb0RwvNIOPE3M2w1ZIOTU6tS62A" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>
</span></span></a></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><a href="https://redabyayala.blogspot.com/2021/09/ayotzinaparizona-press-conference-today.html?fbclid=IwAR2mr3oxCEf-9nvXI-zRglR_gwq8horiAb0RwvNIOPE3M2w1ZIOTU6tS62A" target="_blank"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span>TONATIERRA Submits
Freedom of Information Request to the Biden administration for US government
files on the investigation of the Forced Disappearance of the 43 Ayotzinapa
students missing since September 26, 2014, in Mexico</span></span></b></a></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>
</span></span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span><span style="font-size: large;"><span>Phoenix, Arizona –
Today a Freedom of Information Act request was formally submitted to the Biden
Administration by TONATIERRA and the WATER PROTECTOR LEGAL COLLECTIVE
soliciting disclosure of the files related to the US government’s investigation
into the Forced Disappearance of the 43 students from Ayotzinapa Rural
Teachers’ College missing since September 26, 2014.<br /><br /></span></span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi_uZWd9fTRIavdrTOxmrheocli-Lgi69dDM7pYP521wFJu55htpo8cZaSDtN-Oe9aX90hBRoYQ0AxmzC5Q5yXsAuxyadCwXL-NS71TbKF9uahM9U_AMejqtkMTxJE-vBgPhbSeH9651AJ1VidiPzDDsY66pyiSZqhStSlfJq-dtNiMVnzrn3AcxL9m=s1550" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1550" data-original-width="1222" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi_uZWd9fTRIavdrTOxmrheocli-Lgi69dDM7pYP521wFJu55htpo8cZaSDtN-Oe9aX90hBRoYQ0AxmzC5Q5yXsAuxyadCwXL-NS71TbKF9uahM9U_AMejqtkMTxJE-vBgPhbSeH9651AJ1VidiPzDDsY66pyiSZqhStSlfJq-dtNiMVnzrn3AcxL9m=s320" width="252" /></a></span></span></div><h1 class="title style-scope ytd-video-primary-info-renderer" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #990000;">************<br /></span><br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh9ux6uqYDO8OCUE0ZO0V3-FkPJhzKkvABOH42m2rXo-HbWAEpi2s6XQn6lPT6phYlIESMzczahe1D5EiluPOCQCylaqsVgywbPM3fUH2bh044IDnR_lbdWSs-546QN4_gxOEt8b4IsOGIJQdPhqaEfG-G6qoo1nZ9XC6z8jQPNS7d9g47Q9jogpiQb=s2048" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1703" data-original-width="2048" height="532" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh9ux6uqYDO8OCUE0ZO0V3-FkPJhzKkvABOH42m2rXo-HbWAEpi2s6XQn6lPT6phYlIESMzczahe1D5EiluPOCQCylaqsVgywbPM3fUH2bh044IDnR_lbdWSs-546QN4_gxOEt8b4IsOGIJQdPhqaEfG-G6qoo1nZ9XC6z8jQPNS7d9g47Q9jogpiQb=w640-h532" width="640" /></a></div><br /></span></span><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #990000;">
</span></span></span></span></h1><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">TONATIERRA</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">Comisión de Derechos Humanos</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">PO Box 24009 Phoenix, AZ 85074</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">www.tonatierra.org</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">Contacto: Tupac <br />
Enrique Acosta</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">chantlaca@tonatierra.org</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">26 abril de 2023</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">Senadora de Arizona Kyrsten Sinema</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">3333 E. Camelback Rd, Suite 200</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">Fénix, Arizona 85018</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">Senador de Arizona Mark Kelly</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">2201 E. Camelback Rd, Suite 115</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">Fénix, Arizona 85018</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">Estimados Senadores Sinema y Kelly,</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">El 24 de septiembre de 2021 presentamos una Solicitud de
Libertad de Información (FOI) junto con el COLECTIVO LEGAL PROTECTOR DEL AGUA
solicitando la divulgación de antecedentes relacionados con el caso de la <b>Desaparición
Forzada de los 43 estudiantes de Ayotzinapa</b> el 26 de septiembre de 2014, en
Iguala Guerrero, México.</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br />
El 24 de mayo de 2021, el presidente mexicano, <b>Andrés Manuel López Obrador</b>,
comunicó que había recibido archivos de Estados Unidos sobre la investigación
de las desapariciones de Ayotzinapa en 2014 y el subsiguiente encubrimiento
criminal por parte de funcionarios del gobierno mexicano. El presidente López
Obrador recibió estos archivos luego de una reunión virtual con la <b>Vicepresidenta
Kamala Harris</b> el 7 de mayo de 2021.</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br />
La Comisión de Derechos Humanos de TONATIERRA ha acompañado a los padres y
familiares de los 43 estudiantes de Ayotzinapa desde hace más de siete años en
su intento de llevar la rendición de cuentas y la justicia al caso.</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br />
Aunque enviamos este mensaje a sus dos oficinas el 26 de diciembre de 2021, a
través de la dirección de correo electrónico proporcionada en su sitio web y se
confirmó que se recibió el mensaje, no hemos recibido ninguna respuesta
sustancial de ninguno de ustedes con respecto a nuestra solicitud por
asistencia en términos de sacar a la luz la información relevante como se
describe en nuestra solicitud inicial de FOI.</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br />
Haremos un seguimiento con sus oficinas para organizar una reunión para
discutir los detalles de los problemas de derechos humanos involucrados.</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br />Atentamente,</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">Tupac Enrique Acosta</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">TONATIERRA </span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><h1 class="title style-scope ytd-video-primary-info-renderer" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span><span style="color: #990000;"></span></span></span></span></h1><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhM3LFq1p8M7aTRzAg69MywbdsoeJau-YGdYmxXglEA0MubXhg3-iQrmNTY7U34qP6jEeYxe_8KvgfcE0Gh5SL-aN5G5uLDDqIFUQdpw892wJfvvbChh4RBqzqASzF6S4Rx5sMuFKCK2HHKKG6BHUTkAtqrwQ4kMIULw9NyBYjmlJ_8f3GYkPsvFQ8y=s1956" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1119" data-original-width="1956" height="367" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhM3LFq1p8M7aTRzAg69MywbdsoeJau-YGdYmxXglEA0MubXhg3-iQrmNTY7U34qP6jEeYxe_8KvgfcE0Gh5SL-aN5G5uLDDqIFUQdpw892wJfvvbChh4RBqzqASzF6S4Rx5sMuFKCK2HHKKG6BHUTkAtqrwQ4kMIULw9NyBYjmlJ_8f3GYkPsvFQ8y=w640-h367" width="640" /></a></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span><a href="https://www.facebook.com/events/1280174502727869/?ref=newsfeed" target="_blank"><br /><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></a></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/events/1280174502727869/?ref=newsfeed" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b><span lang="ES">¡AYOTZINAPA!</span></b></span></span></a></p><a href="https://www.facebook.com/events/1280174502727869/?ref=newsfeed" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: x-large;"></span></a><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6UnKm7P7NAE" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b>
</b></span></a></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/events/1280174502727869/?ref=newsfeed" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b><span lang="ES">¡Ni perdón, Ni
olvido!</span></b></span></span></a></p><a href="https://www.facebook.com/events/1280174502727869/?ref=newsfeed" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: x-large;"></span></a><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6UnKm7P7NAE" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b>
</b></span></a></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/events/1280174502727869/?ref=newsfeed" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b><span lang="ES">Acción Global </span></b></span></span></a></p><a href="https://www.facebook.com/events/1280174502727869/?ref=newsfeed" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></b></span></a><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/events/1280174502727869/?ref=newsfeed" target="_blank">26 de septiembre 2022</a></span></span></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES">4:00 - 6:00 PM</span></span></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES">Frente el Consulado de Mexico</span></span></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES">Phoenix, Arizona</span></span></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES">320 E. McDowell<br />
</span></span></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES">*********************<br />
</span></span></b></span></p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EAtho5ZpwdQ" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></b></span></a><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EAtho5ZpwdQ" target="_blank"><b><span><span lang="ES">Solidaridad
Internacional </span></span></b></a></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6UnKm7P7NAE" target="_blank"><b><span>
</span></b></a></span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span><b><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6UnKm7P7NAE" target="_blank"><span lang="ES"> </span></a></b></span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span><b>
</b></span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span><b><span lang="ES">Comisión
Permanente Ayotzinapa</span></b></span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span><b>
</b></span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span><b><span lang="ES">TONATIERRA</span><span lang="ES"> </span></b></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="ES"> </span></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="ES">Phoenix, Arizona</span></b></span><br /><span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;">
</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span>On September 26, 2014 in the town of Iguala, Guerrero in Mexico, 43 students
from the rural teacher preparation school of Ayotzinapa were Forcibly
Disappeared by federal and local police agents of the Mexican state.<span> </span>Six others were killed that night, including
three students and three innocent bystanders shot and killed when the Mexican
army attacked the bus the students were taking to Mexico City.<span> <br /><br /></span>The 43 Ayotzinapa students were unarmed, they
were on their way to participate in the commemoration of the massacre of the
students in Tlaltelolco Square in 1968. Unknown to the students, was the fact
that the bus they were on was also carrying a contraband load of heroin for
delivery to the US, in Atlanta and Chicago.</span></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span>
</span></span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span>The military and police agents were sent by the cartels of
the narco-state in Mexico to recover the heroin, at any cost.<br /></span></span></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span><br /></span></span></span>
</p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span>
</span></span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span>Now, over eight years later, the parents, families, and
the community of the Ayotzinapa continue to demand accountability and justice
not only for the 43 Ayotzinapa students, but also for the tens of thousands of
victims of killed and disappeared in Mexico under the shroud of the US backed
“War on Drugs” and the US financed Plan Merida Mexico.</span></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span>
</span></span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span><br /></span></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span>
</span></span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span>Today, the guilty parties to the crime of the Forced
Disappearance of the 43 Ayotzinapa students remain at large. In open collusion
and complicity, the highest echelon of the Narco State in Mexico, the guilty
parties who were facing formal court charges in Mexico and in the US, have
escaped capture and detention, and after fleeing to Canada, are living in
comfort with protection and political exile in Israel.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></span>
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /><span><b>
</b></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span><b><span lang="ES">¡AYOTZINAPA!</span></b></span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span><b>
</b></span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span><b><span lang="ES">¡We do not
forget, we do not forgive!</span></b></span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span><b>
</b></span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span><b><span lang="ES">They were taken
alive, we want them back alive!</span></b></span></span></span><span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;"><br />
</span></p>
<div style="clear: both;"></div>
</div>
<span class="post-author vcard"></span>chantlacahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15255116987351106636noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3242193371915035457.post-47347436967207737202023-04-20T07:39:00.015-07:002023-04-20T15:06:42.483-07:00The Confessions of Pope Francis and the Lies of Bishop Bergoglio<div><br /><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"><span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtcyP0TT4sDXfBLX9A71FlsyzKQFploGfHcE9piGPFiRuON18xBbWATBG1NjYGLU19jkAMxuPdAdBilO2NZcW2KByIrhx6cEPYa2w6EUBB_qQ7hYq81cn-lQ0BPLmWdUMru0f87SZ4SEZh5zNQEGD8ZRb-E5Bh1BdVwSSuihG50yQI_TNX2CfrJ-A-dA/s640/KIngs%20and%20Kingdoms.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="485" height="496" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtcyP0TT4sDXfBLX9A71FlsyzKQFploGfHcE9piGPFiRuON18xBbWATBG1NjYGLU19jkAMxuPdAdBilO2NZcW2KByIrhx6cEPYa2w6EUBB_qQ7hYq81cn-lQ0BPLmWdUMru0f87SZ4SEZh5zNQEGD8ZRb-E5Bh1BdVwSSuihG50yQI_TNX2CfrJ-A-dA/w377-h496/KIngs%20and%20Kingdoms.jpeg" width="377" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">The
release by the Vatican of the <a href="https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2023/03/30/230330b.html" target="_blank">Joint Statement</a> on the “Doctrine of Discovery” on
March 30, 2023, has agitated and catalyzed a cascade of commentary and critique
that is remarkable for the scope, relevance, irreverence and outright bullshit
that still passes for political discourse when it comes to the inherent Human
Rights of Indigenous Peoples.<span> </span></span></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"><span><br />
The joint statement was made public by a <b>press release</b> by <span> </span>two <a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/apost_constitutions/documents/20220319-costituzione-ap-praedicate-evangelium.html#Dicastery_for_Culture_and_Education" target="_blank">dicasteries</a> of the Vatican: </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"><span>1) <a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/apost_constitutions/documents/20220319-costituzione-ap-praedicate-evangelium.html#Dicastery_for_Culture_and_Education" target="_blank">The Dicastery for Culture and Education</a>, and </span></span></p><div style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;">
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"><span>2) <a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/motu_proprio/documents/papa-francesco-motu-proprio_20160817_humanam-progressionem.html" target="_blank">The Dicastery Promoting Integral Human Development</a>. </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"><span> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"><span>A
dicastery is a section or division of the departments of <b>government</b> of
the Vatican. The major departments of government are called congregations,
where each governs or oversees a major sector of the Catholic Church. A
dicastery is a department within a congregation. The congregations govern or
oversee sectors of the Catholic Church - bishops, doctrine, education, <i>etc</i>.
while a dicastery is a section of a congregation that is focusing on a
particular aspect of a congregation’s mission or work.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"><span>To
the point, and for purposes of outlining the geopolitical context of the issues
of the violations of international law <b>not yet presented nor adressed</b>, here is an excerpt
from the March 30<sup>th</sup> statement by the <b>press office</b> of the <a href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/holy-see-vatican-city/" target="_blank"><b>Holy See</b></a>
(Vatican City State), which is a presently internationally recognized <b>state
entity</b> with the UN system having achieved international
status as a state by way of the <a href="https://www.upi.com/Archives/1929/02/11/Vatican-and-Mussolini-sign-peace-agreement/1881517975205/" target="_blank">Vatican Treaties</a> of 1929 (aka the Lateran
Treaties). </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.3in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"><i><span>The “doctrine of discovery” is not part of the
teaching of the Catholic Church. Historical research clearly demonstrates that
the papal documents in question, written in a specific historical period and
linked to political questions, have never been considered expressions of the
Catholic faith. At the same time, the Church acknowledges that these papal
bulls did not adequately reflect the equal dignity and rights of indigenous
peoples. The Church is also aware that the contents of these documents were
manipulated for political purposes by competing colonial powers in order to
justify immoral acts against indigenous peoples that were carried out, at
times, without opposition from ecclesiastical authorities. </span></i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.3in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"><i><span> </span></i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.3in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"><i><span>More recently, the Church’s solidarity with indigenous
peoples has given rise to the Holy See’s strong support for the principles
contained in the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous
Peoples. The implementation of those principles would improve the living
conditions and help protect the rights of indigenous peoples as well as
facilitate their development in a way that respects their identity, language
and culture.</span></i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"><span> </span><a href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/holy-see-vatican-city/">https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/holy-see-vatican-city/</a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">Joint Statement of the
Dicasteries for Culture and Education and for Promoting Integral Human
Development on the “Doctrine of Discovery”, 30.03.2023</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">1. In fidelity to the mandate
received from Christ, the Catholic Church strives to promote universal
fraternity and respect for the dignity of every human being.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">2. For this reason, in the course
of history the Popes have condemned acts of violence, oppression, social
injustice and slavery, including those committed against indigenous peoples.
There have also been numerous examples of bishops, priests, women and men
religious and lay faithful who gave their lives in defense of the dignity of
those peoples.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">3. At the same time, respect for
the facts of history demands an acknowledgement of the human weakness and
failings of Christ’s disciples in every generation. Many Christians have
committed evil acts against indigenous peoples for which recent Popes have
asked forgiveness on numerous occasions.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">4. In our own day, a renewed
dialogue with indigenous peoples, especially with those who profess the
Catholic Faith, has helped the Church to understand better their values and
cultures. With their help, the Church has acquired a greater awareness of their
sufferings, past and present, due to the expropriation of their lands, which
they consider a sacred gift from God and their ancestors, as well as the
policies of forced assimilation, promoted by the governmental authorities of
the time, intended to eliminate their indigenous cultures. As Pope Francis has
emphasized, their sufferings constitute a powerful summons to abandon the
colonizing mentality and to walk with them side by side, in mutual respect and
dialogue, recognizing the rights and cultural values of all individuals and
peoples. In this regard, the Church is committed to accompany indigenous
peoples and to foster efforts aimed at promoting reconciliation and healing.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">5. It is in this context of
listening to indigenous peoples that the Church has heard the importance of
addressing the concept referred to as the “doctrine of discovery.” The legal
concept of “discovery” was debated by colonial powers from the sixteenth
century onward and found particular expression in the nineteenth century
jurisprudence of courts in several countries, according to which the discovery
of lands by settlers granted an exclusive right to extinguish, either by
purchase or conquest, the title to or possession of those lands by indigenous
peoples. Certain scholars have argued that the basis of the aforementioned
“doctrine” is to be found in several papal documents, such as the Bulls Dum
Diversas (1452), Romanus Pontifex (1455) and Inter Caetera (1493).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">6. The “doctrine of discovery” is
not part of the teaching of the Catholic Church. Historical research clearly
demonstrates that the papal documents in question, written in a specific
historical period and linked to political questions, have never been considered
expressions of the Catholic faith. At the same time, the Church acknowledges that
these papal bulls did not adequately reflect the equal dignity and rights of
indigenous peoples. The Church is also aware that the contents of these
documents were manipulated for political purposes by competing colonial powers
in order to justify immoral acts against indigenous peoples that were carried
out, at times, without opposition from ecclesiastical authorities. It is only
just to recognize these errors, acknowledge the terrible effects of the
assimilation policies and the pain experienced by indigenous peoples, and ask
for pardon. Furthermore, Pope Francis has urged: “Never again can the Christian
community allow itself to be infected by the idea that one culture is superior
to others, or that it is legitimate to employ ways of coercing others.”</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">7. In no uncertain terms, the
Church’s magisterium upholds the respect due to every human being. The Catholic
Church therefore repudiates those concepts that fail to recognize the inherent
human rights of indigenous peoples, including what has become known as the
legal and political “doctrine of discovery”.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">8. Numerous and repeated
statements by the Church and the Popes uphold the rights of indigenous peoples.
For example, in the 1537 Bull Sublimis Deus, Pope Paul III wrote, “We define
and declare [ ... ] that [, .. ] the said Indians and all other people who may
later be discovered by Christians, are by no means to be deprived of their
liberty or the possession of their property, even though they be outside the
Christian faith; and that they may and should, freely and legitimately, enjoy
their liberty and possession of their property; nor should they be in any way
enslaved; should the contrary happen, it shall be null and have no effect”.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">9. More recently, the Church’s
solidarity with indigenous peoples has given rise to the Holy See’s strong
support for the principles contained in the United Nations Declaration on the
Rights of Indigenous Peoples. The implementation of those principles would
improve the living conditions and help protect the rights of indigenous peoples
as well as facilitate their development in a way that respects their identity,
language and culture.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"> </p>
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{page:WordSection1;}</style></p>chantlacahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15255116987351106636noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3242193371915035457.post-23895724992385218042022-10-10T07:47:00.014-07:002022-10-15T09:05:17.304-07:00 #October12DecolonizationDay #12OctubreDiaDeLaDescolonización<br /><div class="post-header">
<div class="post-header-line-1"></div>
</div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif"><span><span face="arial black, sans-serif">#October12DecolonizationDay</span></span></span></span></span><br /></b></span></div><div><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span><span face="arial black, sans-serif"></span></span></span></span></span></b></span><div><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">October 12, 2022</span><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif"> </span><br /></span></b></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">#Octubre12DiaDeLa</span></b></span></span><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="ES" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b>Descolonización</b></span></span></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="ES" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b> </b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: verdana;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsKFFuL-Fdk2eo3EPx6KTD40fGvY8UoeAVCwBXGxq9mttaPLJXAe4fj9g1LLKLjktfEo4VVkWaXBlqi6Iq8sJvnF53XteZfPBkOPyFRsuvzl_TfpI87vSKCdElwtTv72GzL9jMI1jC5H1uFgapT6g3Y5iibGoNdFiPVySvahSglK1Q6MsIRfQf1Tcx1g/s3014/%23AbyaYala.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3014" data-original-width="2905" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsKFFuL-Fdk2eo3EPx6KTD40fGvY8UoeAVCwBXGxq9mttaPLJXAe4fj9g1LLKLjktfEo4VVkWaXBlqi6Iq8sJvnF53XteZfPBkOPyFRsuvzl_TfpI87vSKCdElwtTv72GzL9jMI1jC5H1uFgapT6g3Y5iibGoNdFiPVySvahSglK1Q6MsIRfQf1Tcx1g/w616-h640/%23AbyaYala.jpeg" width="616" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b></b></span></div><div><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b></b></span></div><div><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b></b></span></div><div><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b><br /></b></span><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif" style="font-size: 20pt;"></span></b></p><b><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif"></span></b><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b>October 12, 2022 </b></span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b> <br /></b></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b> United Nations Human Rights Council<br /></b></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">51st Session</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">Geneva, Switzerland <b><br /></b></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">Wednesday September 28, 2022</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: x-large;"><span><b><br /><a href="http://unpfip.blogspot.com/2022/10/blog-post.html" target="_blank">Special Panel on the Negative Impact of the Legacies of Colonialism on the Enjoyment of Human Rights</a></b></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: #660000;">************ </span><br /></b></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://media.un.org/en/asset/k1t/k1too2lr41" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>UNWeb Live TV</b></span></span></a></p><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://media.un.org/en/asset/k1t/k1too2lr41" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b>Video Archive </b></span></span></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span><b> </b></span></span><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">Opening statement by Ms. Nada Al-Nashif, Acting United
Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></p></div><blockquote><div style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">“Since the UN came into existence more than 80 former colonies
comprising some 750 million people have gained independence. Nonetheless the
process of decolonization remains incomplete.</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"></div></div></blockquote><p> </p><blockquote><div style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">The Fourth International Decade for the Eradication of Colonialism
that goes from 2021 to 2030 therefor presents an opportunity to accelerate the
pace of action towards universal decolonization and to confront the legacies of
colonialism.</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">As the two covenants remind us, all peoples have the right of
self-determination.<span> </span>That is, the right
to freely determine their political status and pursue their economic, social, and
cultural development.</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">The right of self-determination is an essential condition
for the effective guarantee and observance of individual human rights and for
the promotion and strengthening of those rights</span>.”</span></p><span style="font-size: large;">
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{page:WordSection1;}</font></style></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b> <span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #660000;"><br /></span></span></b></span></span></div></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #660000;"><b><span><span style="font-family: verdana;"> ***************</span></span></b></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
</p><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></b></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span style="font-family: verdana;">Continental Commission Abya Yala </span></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span style="font-family: verdana;">#October12DecolonizationDay </span><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></b></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">Advancing in the continental campaign to denounce and
dismantle the colonial Doctrine of Discovery as a racist and pervasive pathology
of “White supremacy” that pretends to normalize the continuing<span> </span>pogrom of centuries of genocide against the Indigenous
Peoples of Abya Yala [Americas], today the Continental Commission Abya Yala
convenes a series of actions and discussions from coast to coast, east to west
and North to South across the entire hemisphere in the spirit of <b>Self Determination</b>
as <b>Original Nations</b> of <b>Mother Earth</b>.</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">Synchronizing in sunrise ceremonies and direct actions in
affirmation of the right of Self Determination as Peoples, <b><i>equal to all other
peoples</i></b>, the Continental Commission Abya Yala proclaims the date of October 12
will be addressed as <b>#October12DecolonizationDay </b>from now on and will coincide
with the United Nations <b>Fourth International Decade for the Eradication of Colonialism</b>
that goes from 2021 to 2030.</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi62cEDAXbyaaZFT6v0LzEHhIEzOym7oVXu8PX8P-RO8S1emi3WIwPfwC0LNh7hruhkJhJVR9Ibsqan42Mlf8O5YyCwN_Ueqe3J9fC_6aTEXFu8y8JPi_P2SA4N5VZfxxeeWH_xt7NGkF0-b1EWtxKX8JX3wYqsLTdycSMdaasFwnrM3y9Mw28X0laoNg/s3770/IMG_3982.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2680" data-original-width="3770" height="284" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi62cEDAXbyaaZFT6v0LzEHhIEzOym7oVXu8PX8P-RO8S1emi3WIwPfwC0LNh7hruhkJhJVR9Ibsqan42Mlf8O5YyCwN_Ueqe3J9fC_6aTEXFu8y8JPi_P2SA4N5VZfxxeeWH_xt7NGkF0-b1EWtxKX8JX3wYqsLTdycSMdaasFwnrM3y9Mw28X0laoNg/w400-h284/IMG_3982.jpeg" width="400" /></a></span></span></div><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span><p></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">Over this period of time, the Continental Commission Abya
Yala will continue to communicate, convene, and coordinate as an independent
<b>International Indigenous Working Group</b>, towards the effective realization of
the collective right of self-determination as <b>Original Nations </b>of <b>Indigenous
People</b>s, invoking the UN decolonization protocols and procedures established by UN General Assembly resolution 1514 in 1960.</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">Taking up the challenge of confronting the legacies of
colonialism which was the subject of a special panel of the UN Human Rights Council
(UNHRC) this year in Geneva, the Continental Commission Abya Yala has
communicated to the UNHRC that the legacies of colonialism are embedded in the UN
system itself, and in fact are part of the geopolitical infrastructure of the
UN.<span> </span>As evidence of this, <a href="https://redabyayala.blogspot.com/2022/09/1894-sioux-nation-treaty-council_28.html" target="_blank">International Indigenous Working Group of the Continental Commission</a> provided both written
and oral interventions at the UNHRC session this year denouncing that the legacy
of the Doctrine of Discovery was completely absent from the discussions on the
theme of decolonization. In fact, access and implementation of effective
corrective measures, procedures and mechanisms of the <b>UN Decolonization
Committee</b> remain unmentioned and inaccessible to the Indigenous Peoples of
Abya Yala.</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">The Continental Commission Abya Yala calls upon all surviving
Original Nations of Indigenous Peoples to critically review the testimony and
interventions of the Special Panel on the Negative Impact of the Legacies of
Colonialism convened by the UNHRC on September 28, 2022.</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">In consequence, the Continental Commission Abya Yala plans
to convene in early 2023 the International Indigenous Working Group in fulfillment of the
<b>Mandate of the Indigenous Peoples</b> and in defense of the <b>Territorial Integrity
of Mother Earth</b>.</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsWZB1JmSIZ6v3l2nd-dog_8k8R5GqIdA2viFk4GZDmRM0gxSnRP6DaYTzPlM-Kd-X22AFMlj5FS1SnjOuG_Glny_plqTWrxRXGIkDe80qBIMuv5HTEYURJCIoKm--42-LIEtm1yDGiI9mOnKgjjfBfmb5pvbJY6jyPxEl0JG-6Fk1HTcs3t_P2dgw-g/s2048/IMG_2808.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1700" data-original-width="2048" height="333" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsWZB1JmSIZ6v3l2nd-dog_8k8R5GqIdA2viFk4GZDmRM0gxSnRP6DaYTzPlM-Kd-X22AFMlj5FS1SnjOuG_Glny_plqTWrxRXGIkDe80qBIMuv5HTEYURJCIoKm--42-LIEtm1yDGiI9mOnKgjjfBfmb5pvbJY6jyPxEl0JG-6Fk1HTcs3t_P2dgw-g/w400-h333/IMG_2808.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><br />
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<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><style>@font-face
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{page:WordSection1;}</style></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1g5UGJQtNTY0yuDNep95i-600n7VMN4B3/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank"><b>DOWNLOAD PDF</b></a></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">March
12, 2022</span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Phoenix,
AZ - <span> </span>Following the lead of the <b>Original
Nations</b> of <b>Indigenous Peoples </b>in Bolivia who proclaimed October 12
as the <a href="https://www.telesurenglish.net/news/Original-Peoples-of-Bolivia-Celebrate-Decolonization-Day-20181012-0014.html" target="_blank"><b>Day of Decolonization</b></a> in 2018, <b>TONATIERRA</b> announced today
that this year “<b>#October12DecolonizationDay</b>” will be the theme of a set
of community empowerment initiatives from the local to regional, continental to
global levels of engagement being coordinated by a continental alliance of
Indigenous Nations and organizations.</span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br />
Today March 12, 2022, marks the first day of the new year in the Mexica
calendar of the Nahuatl Nations, one of many calendar systems developed over
millennia by the Indigenous Peoples which are still being utilized on a daily
and yearly basis by many Indigenous communities. </span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><blockquote><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">“There
is a need to move beyond the cultural gesture of simply relabeling of ‘Columbus
Day’ into ‘Indigenous Peoples Day’ in </span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
in the Gregorian Calendar of
North America, while the structural
dynamics of the colonization project that began 530 years ago continues full
force under the <b><i>modus operandi</i></b> of the international trade
agreements among the states such as <a href="https://redabyayala.blogspot.com/2020/09/usmca-and-human-rights-of-indigenous.html" target="_blank"><b>US Mexico Canada Agreement</b></a> (USMCA).<span> </span>Just like the original charter of the <a href="http://unpfip.blogspot.com/p/framework-of-dominance-preliminary_03.html" target="_blank"><b>Papal
Bulls</b> by Pope Alexander VI (1493) <b><i>Inter Caetera</i></b></a>
that
purported to lend legitimacy via “Discovery” by Christendom to the
expropriation and exploitation of Indigenous land and labor, the USMCA
subjects Indigenous territories and resources to illegal and violent
expropriation at
the hands of extractive industries,” said Tupac Enrique Acosta of
TONATIERRA.</span></span></blockquote></div><p></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">In
addition to drawing attention to the violations of the right of <b>Free, Prior,
and Informed Consent</b> for economic projects that impact Indigenous Peoples
territories and Human Rights in the <b>USMCA </b>context from Mexico to Canada, the
initial <a href="https://nativevoicesbooks.com/sites/default/files/a_Basic%20Call%20sampler.pdf" target="_blank">call to consciousness</a> that motivates the <b>#October12DecolonzationDay </b>will begin
with the invocation of the original article 36 of the <a href="http://unpfip.blogspot.com/2021/05/indigenous-nationsrights-in-balance.html" target="_blank"><b>UN Declaration on the
Rights of Indigenous Peoples</b> (UNDRIP)</a> as follows:</span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b>Article 36</b></span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.3in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><i>Indigenous peoples have the right to
the recognition, observance and enforcement of treaties, agreements and other
constructive arrangements concluded with States or their successors, according
to their original spirit and intent, and to have States honour and respect such
treaties, agreements, and other constructive arrangements. Conflicts and
disputes which cannot otherwise be settled should be submitted to competent
international bodies agreed to by all parties concerned.</i></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.3in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><i> </i></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">The
relevance of invoking the principles of the <b>Original Article 36</b> of the
UNDRIP is drawn from the recalling of the violent conflict of the <a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2012/10/occupy-wounded-knee-a-71-day-siege-and-a-forgotten-civil-rights-movement/263998/" target="_blank">Wounded Knee</a>
takeover in 1973. At the time, the <b>Oceti Sakowin</b> sent a delegation of
traditional chiefs from Wounded Knee to the United Nations to call for
international support and intervention against the violent invasion of the <b>1868
Fort Laramie Treaty Territories</b>.<span> </span>The
violation of the 1868 Treaty Territories was again a principal issue in the
fight at <a href="https://redabyayala.blogspot.com/2017/01/world-water-one-declaration-of.html" target="_blank"><b>Standing Rock</b> </a>against the Dakota Access Pipeline in 2016.</span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEijkyU6SkuC72AVdLOc8wsTWTg19QPuTOtjQfpM-AxnjoTHxkjhL6p9_40vBdiLUfvrsg3rsRWsijwFl7EE0ZL_uR7x18hPUeJVP6vr9ldCpIEyY0qDtvCq_TB8YOY-LWJNNLpcwWAKu4e7qEZMmpW-G50mYJOt1mNbtyD-h0tK2zcm5Zo-Ajd1iioL=s400" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="384" data-original-width="400" height="384" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEijkyU6SkuC72AVdLOc8wsTWTg19QPuTOtjQfpM-AxnjoTHxkjhL6p9_40vBdiLUfvrsg3rsRWsijwFl7EE0ZL_uR7x18hPUeJVP6vr9ldCpIEyY0qDtvCq_TB8YOY-LWJNNLpcwWAKu4e7qEZMmpW-G50mYJOt1mNbtyD-h0tK2zcm5Zo-Ajd1iioL=w400-h384" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
An invasion is an invasion whether in 1868 or 2022, and international
aggression is a crime against international law and the fundamental principles
of the UN Charter whether in the Ukraine or at Standing Rock, South Dakota.</span></span></div><p></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">One
of the powers of international personality in the UN system is the power to enter
into treaty agreements, most importantly Peace Treaties.<span> </span>In this regard and in this spirit, the
Indigenous Peoples have relaunched the <b><a href="https://inxinachtliinmilpa.blogspot.com/2022/03/indigenous-peoples-peace-initiative.html" target="_blank">Indigenous Peoples Peace Initiative</a> </b>which
was proclaimed from the <b>Nahuacalli, Embassy of Indigenous Peoples</b> during
the Gulf War of 2003:</span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.3in; text-align: justify;"><i><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">“We must disarm the global
regime of nationalism of the state. The psychologies of hatred and competition
under which the government states of the world would have us sacrifice our
humanity and our children to senseless wars will no longer be tolerated. As
Indigenous Peoples of the world, we further challenge the government states of
the United Nations system to criminalize the destructive impact of warfare upon
the ecosystems of the Earth itself, by defining appropriate international legal
protocols regarding the conduct of warfare such as the Geneva Convention."<br /></span></span><br /></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
In a critical time in the history of humanity, when the so-called great powers
of geopolitical stature maneuver and war against each other to dominate or
control their competing spheres of influence, the Original Nations of
Indigenous Peoples call to spirit of humanity as a whole, to recall that we
cannot hope for Peace on Earth if we do not live in peace with Mother Earth.</span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">At
a time of great uncertainty being fomented by the real threat of nuclear
warfare and climate chaos exacerbated by fossil fuel based economic development
across the world, the Indigenous Peoples have reemerged to offer the hope of
the <b>Xinachtli</b> <b>Nuclear Peace Pact</b>, for all peoples and nations
great and small to address their disagreements and disputes in non-militarized
manner and with utmost respect and appreciation for the <a href="http://unpfip.blogspot.com/2014/12/the-time-is-now-architectures-of-states.html" target="_blank"><b>Territorial Integrity of Mother Earth</b></a>.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiCXwqDrRGSe7TC_-GsJ3BBKz9IMI67fhgm0WPokZaHb4ro8wqq2nB-FEu2Q35geOY1rxL2mPvP8DUhzSDNiXdBWktXNMsbBpOIU0U_H1r-IEOn36kMqCcBvpPyDlcVO5GIjSJhd_ER9noodhWIaPjgRs2r29FLHWXkSRcgq0xdCsio-Q9upLmN02Bm=s2048" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1554" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiCXwqDrRGSe7TC_-GsJ3BBKz9IMI67fhgm0WPokZaHb4ro8wqq2nB-FEu2Q35geOY1rxL2mPvP8DUhzSDNiXdBWktXNMsbBpOIU0U_H1r-IEOn36kMqCcBvpPyDlcVO5GIjSJhd_ER9noodhWIaPjgRs2r29FLHWXkSRcgq0xdCsio-Q9upLmN02Bm=w304-h400" width="304" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">The
activities of the <b>#October12DecolonizationDay</b> initiative this year will specifically
address the right of Self Determination of the Original Nations of Indigenous
Peoples in the context of Resolution 48/7 adopted by the Human Rights Council on
8 October 2021 titled <a href="http://unpfip.blogspot.com/2022/03/unhrc-resolution-487-negative-impact-of.html" target="_blank">“<b>Negative impact of the legacies of colonialism on the
enjoyment of human rights.</b>”</a></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br /></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">###</span></b></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif"> </span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span face=""Papyrus",sans-serif" style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span face=""Papyrus",sans-serif" style="font-size: 16pt;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhlGvPCJrNvSs0chXj8X9n2YHXBG_gux3r7IbzLw1VaBeWz5TwB3sFWGok7rgmZno4lpYEsXbA8YOsV-U9SjeVvpBVelRQTEs8LhNv-LNWX_Pvt2M5PcNQIwodOcY3talGt8NxdkHojHKCYhuwUqnsO-yX9gorUZfsWLNwTrCuTUpEPNbgDYVWIpsUy=s262" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="262" data-original-width="215" height="262" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhlGvPCJrNvSs0chXj8X9n2YHXBG_gux3r7IbzLw1VaBeWz5TwB3sFWGok7rgmZno4lpYEsXbA8YOsV-U9SjeVvpBVelRQTEs8LhNv-LNWX_Pvt2M5PcNQIwodOcY3talGt8NxdkHojHKCYhuwUqnsO-yX9gorUZfsWLNwTrCuTUpEPNbgDYVWIpsUy" width="215" /></a></span></b></div><b><span face=""Papyrus",sans-serif" style="font-size: 16pt;"><br /></span></b>
<p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://redabyayala.blogspot.com/2022/01/tonatierra-indigenous-nationhood-and.html" target="_blank">TONATIERRA<br /><span style="font-size: x-large;">Indigenous Nationhood and Self Determination</span></a></b></span></p><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://redabyayala.blogspot.com/2022/01/tonatierra-indigenous-nationhood-and.html" target="_blank">
</a></b></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://redabyayala.blogspot.com/2022/01/tonatierra-indigenous-nationhood-and.html" target="_blank">The Legacies of Colonialism and the 1999 Treaty Study by
Miguel Alfonso Martinez</a></b></span><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" /></p><p class="MsoNormal">
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">In consideration of the adoption of Resolution 48/7
“Negative impact of the legacies of colonialism on the enjoyment of human
rights” by the UN Human Rights Council (UNHRC) on 8 October 2021, and the call
for input by the Expert Mechanism on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (EMRIP)
as a subsidiary body to the UNCHR for a study whose purpose is to assess the extent
to which article 37 of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous<span> </span>Peoples (UNDRIP) has been and is being
implemented or considered nationally, we submit the following:<br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
</p><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgOk71ily1ccCj_V9Oqq1ecjy8OhP9_j5kEV1VX2d45N97D5vuYbI0zGJA55wN0JymxzucFXozINW0VCYroZ7DnSencwRcHZ8ocNp8lH-7T7MC6KH-TrhJxOYNsN52xrdaB-ZPFn5vTlXzP1k8rUrHZcmUqsMlVH9il9JSmM5F8OFOPOhiCxotCS8ZQ=s932" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="932" data-original-width="902" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgOk71ily1ccCj_V9Oqq1ecjy8OhP9_j5kEV1VX2d45N97D5vuYbI0zGJA55wN0JymxzucFXozINW0VCYroZ7DnSencwRcHZ8ocNp8lH-7T7MC6KH-TrhJxOYNsN52xrdaB-ZPFn5vTlXzP1k8rUrHZcmUqsMlVH9il9JSmM5F8OFOPOhiCxotCS8ZQ=s320" width="310" /></a></b></div><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span face=""Papyrus",sans-serif" style="font-size: 16pt;"><br /><span style="font-family: verdana;">TONATIERRA</span></span></b><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b><span face=""Papyrus",sans-serif"><br />
</span></b><a href="http://www.tonatierra.org"><b><span face=""Papyrus",sans-serif">www.tonatierra.org</span></b></a></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b><span face=""Papyrus",sans-serif">tonal@tonatierra.org</span></b></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="color: #990000;"><b>
</b></span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="color: #990000;"><b> **********************</b></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"> YouTube:</span></span><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iolYt6zt_cI" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Yancuic Xihuitl: WorldWaterONE</span><br /></a></span></b><span style="font-family: verdana;"></span><br /><span style="font-family: verdana;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">In preparation for the Mexica New Year ceremony on March 12,
2022, there is a five day period of preparation and purification called the
Nemontemi.</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">The Calpolli Izkaloteka have allowed the sacred fire of the
Nahuacalco which has been sustained all year, to expire and lay in repose for the
five days of the Nemontemi.</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">The sacred Axicalli Gourds of Water have been laid before our
altars in our homes, in our communities, and upon the sacred sites of Mother
Earth. Accordingly, here is where and how the essential intentions, prayers, dreams,
and visions of the Nemontemi will be collected as the Xinachtli (Seed) of
memory for the coming generations of all life on Mother Earth.</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">Passing through a time of the most extreme threat of war,
destruction, ecological devastation, and inhumanity, the Calpolli Nahuacalco of
Izkalotlan offers once again the simplest of prayers for the well-being and
protection of all life: Cemanuak - Water of Life: <b><br /><br /></b></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: x-large;"><span><b>WorldWater: ONE</b></span></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><b>
</b></span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><b><a href="http://www.www.www">www.www.www</a></b></span></span><br /></span></span>
</p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjENxhoR0aJmTSdEaT2ICQyuyndjlcxief2Pn8EL2ir9ZFSL-VH8L7J5S8FvkvTo6SOcmKwgrWwMGdFFH3F7Jm-ppsYmGjeA0YL_aDlIlyrWy0yMeVbTocZ3E3iI4MfZFVO_dyKq7SCDOusGA7hiVdLSdgN8eT2TTtAKgRVnEbVkUsX4i5k-occGKwz=s2809" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2809" data-original-width="2724" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjENxhoR0aJmTSdEaT2ICQyuyndjlcxief2Pn8EL2ir9ZFSL-VH8L7J5S8FvkvTo6SOcmKwgrWwMGdFFH3F7Jm-ppsYmGjeA0YL_aDlIlyrWy0yMeVbTocZ3E3iI4MfZFVO_dyKq7SCDOusGA7hiVdLSdgN8eT2TTtAKgRVnEbVkUsX4i5k-occGKwz=w620-h640" width="620" /></a></span></span></div><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span><p></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><br /><br /></p></div>chantlacahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15255116987351106636noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3242193371915035457.post-2610355680952916942022-08-02T18:14:00.020-07:002022-08-02T19:28:58.077-07:00GENOCIDE: The Immolation of Hatuey <p>
</p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span face=""Daytona",sans-serif" style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatuey" target="_blank">The Immolation of Hatuey<br />
February 2, 1512</a></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">Yara, Cuba<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></span><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhN3P-bMqG6GfxtIVZbj_nqJoi7PFXb5jnwy2vRbKjC5_MaMO4Ixou1lzzoayRyMp4RodNv4bN2ogibvBFTCKZLq-_zN_0u-Xq09VLfKUHcbv4YwIh7LFn9EKSA1mEpcUEMQ-yB0xFP59Wvbk0fZK7chLb0D3tpHi2mSXUlLecnik0JKxsyCi6BqQP3_g/s437/Suplicio.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="315" data-original-width="437" height="462" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhN3P-bMqG6GfxtIVZbj_nqJoi7PFXb5jnwy2vRbKjC5_MaMO4Ixou1lzzoayRyMp4RodNv4bN2ogibvBFTCKZLq-_zN_0u-Xq09VLfKUHcbv4YwIh7LFn9EKSA1mEpcUEMQ-yB0xFP59Wvbk0fZK7chLb0D3tpHi2mSXUlLecnik0JKxsyCi6BqQP3_g/w640-h462/Suplicio.jpeg" width="640" /></a></div> <br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Verdana", sans-serif">In
1511, Diego Velázquez set out from Hispaniola to conquer what is now known as
the island of Cuba and subjugate Cuba's indigenous people, the Taíno, who had
previously been recorded by Christopher Columbus. Velázquez was preceded,
however, by Hatuey, who fled Hispaniola with a party of four hundred in canoes
and warned some of the Native people of eastern Cuba about what to expect from
the Spaniards.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Verdana", sans-serif"> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Verdana", sans-serif">Bartolomé
de Las Casas later attributed the following speech to Hatuey which was
addressed against Christianity. He showed the Taíno of Caobana a basket of gold
and jewels, saying:</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Verdana", sans-serif"> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.3in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i><span face=""Verdana", sans-serif">“Here is the God the Spaniards worship. For
these they fight and kill; for these they persecute us and that is why we have
to throw them into the sea... They tell us, these tyrants, that they adore a
God of peace and equality, and yet they usurp our land and make us their
slaves. They speak to us of an immortal soul and of their eternal rewards and
punishments, and yet they rob our belongings, seduce our women, violate our
daughters. Incapable of matching us in valor, these cowards cover themselves
with iron that our weapons cannot break...”</span></i></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i><span face=""Verdana", sans-serif"> </span></i></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Verdana", sans-serif">The
Taíno chiefs in Cuba did not respond to Hatuey's message, and few joined him to
fight. Hatuey resorted to guerrilla tactics against the Spaniards, and was able
to confine them for a time. He and his fighters were able to kill at least
eight Spanish soldiers. Eventually, using mastiffs and torturing the Native
people for information, the Spaniards succeeded in capturing him. On February
2, 1512, he was tied to a stake and burned alive at Yara, near the present-day
City of Bayamo.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Verdana", sans-serif"> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Verdana", sans-serif">Before
he was burned, a priest asked Hatuey if he would accept Jesus and go to heaven.
Las Casas recalled the reaction of the chief:</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Verdana", sans-serif"> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.3in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: x-large;"><span><span face=""Verdana", sans-serif">“[Hatuey], thinking a little, asked the
religious man if Spaniards went to heaven. The religious man answered yes...
The chief then said without further thought that he did not want to go there
but to hell so as not to be where they were and where he would not see such
cruel people. This is the name and honor that God and our faith have earned.”</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.3in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Verdana", sans-serif"> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></span><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span face=""Daytona", sans-serif" style="color: #c00000; letter-spacing: 3.6pt;">GENOCIDE</span></b></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span></span><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span face=""Daytona", sans-serif" style="color: #c00000; letter-spacing: 3.6pt;"> </span></b></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span></span><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span face=""Daytona", sans-serif" style="color: #c00000;">The international crime against
humanity is not addressed, much less resolved with justice by apology.</span></b></span><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.3in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman \(Body CS\)";"> </span></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span face=""Daytona", sans-serif" style="color: #c00000;">
</span></b></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span face=""Daytona", sans-serif" style="color: black;">#October12DecolonizationDay</span></b></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span face=""Daytona", sans-serif" lang="ES" style="color: black;">#Octubre12DiaDeLaDescolonización</span></b></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.3in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Verdana", sans-serif"> </span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIfHOF0MNSxI629kkPvVMcbN2PIUwUM2G6GDD-aqs8IoWU-wWe24MDI7iZB_Uadgq_QOKSB_fVyEGAVhWWraVl7-5lJTaW06j0jQuejYWTFaQRh3wX-GRsvEEBKIfFagd4SYeN77liQjnIZobY7_9-Zo1bGa4SIhydDNcifg-ai9PrAAoczPb4xvcrZA/s1600/IMG_4850.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1477" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIfHOF0MNSxI629kkPvVMcbN2PIUwUM2G6GDD-aqs8IoWU-wWe24MDI7iZB_Uadgq_QOKSB_fVyEGAVhWWraVl7-5lJTaW06j0jQuejYWTFaQRh3wX-GRsvEEBKIfFagd4SYeN77liQjnIZobY7_9-Zo1bGa4SIhydDNcifg-ai9PrAAoczPb4xvcrZA/w590-h640/IMG_4850.JPG" width="590" /></a></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"></span><br /><span style="font-family: verdana;"></span><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman \(Body CS\)";"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman \(Body CS\)";"> </span></span>
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><a href=" https://doctrineofdiscoveryforum.blogspot.com/2022/07/dismantling-doctrine-of-discovery.html" target="_blank">Dismantling the Doctrine of
Discovery: <br /></a><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href=" https://doctrineofdiscoveryforum.blogspot.com/2022/07/dismantling-doctrine-of-discovery.html" target="_blank">"Apologies do not bring justice."</a></span></span></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"> </span></span></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"> </span></span></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"></span></span></b></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWpMAI4jOxAP2qQ9poi85v-0ftZ_joy5cbvHPOOfXIqdIIXn7aNwKj_ISa-GE3VkWVyB3cAlHq1OLw4ryeytVkMt-s4ObzCrpEuru2I9c7sOmZ1j2wDZSwSTwJimQ1hngmb7DDp2dkygKxpliMUWztPcn4RWjT7Nwl23Tm7WuZJKLzLAm__QlPpyHZPg/s2048/No%20More.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1365" data-original-width="2048" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWpMAI4jOxAP2qQ9poi85v-0ftZ_joy5cbvHPOOfXIqdIIXn7aNwKj_ISa-GE3VkWVyB3cAlHq1OLw4ryeytVkMt-s4ObzCrpEuru2I9c7sOmZ1j2wDZSwSTwJimQ1hngmb7DDp2dkygKxpliMUWztPcn4RWjT7Nwl23Tm7WuZJKLzLAm__QlPpyHZPg/w640-h426/No%20More.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></b></div><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></b><p></p><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><b> </b></p><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">
</span></b></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">Ignorance Disguised as Legalization of Empire: <br />NO MORE!<br /></span></b><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBMZ072PXzSnNDAhDFTWOuaVFb1PDd4eYkWP3xpweuktI1VP4BI0xU1uL9SgKBdW9uiXcPsMMqL8Yt2j1wh6E6zxW_kDpBiRyB8uG1He5Aasn-8-01N-9IQL4nrMXQZYXgxkEES78NAcm5sydpMuHhwmB2Ea1bI7S3V4SrhscKDPALj0_0tTuzTe6KdQ/s2048/IMG_2808.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1700" data-original-width="2048" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBMZ072PXzSnNDAhDFTWOuaVFb1PDd4eYkWP3xpweuktI1VP4BI0xU1uL9SgKBdW9uiXcPsMMqL8Yt2j1wh6E6zxW_kDpBiRyB8uG1He5Aasn-8-01N-9IQL4nrMXQZYXgxkEES78NAcm5sydpMuHhwmB2Ea1bI7S3V4SrhscKDPALj0_0tTuzTe6KdQ/s320/IMG_2808.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><a href="https://vcontinentalsummitabyayala.blogspot.com/2013/11/communique-to-vatican-dismantling.html" target="_blank">Communiqué to the Vatican: <br />DISMANTLING the Doctrine of Discovery
</a></span></span></h3><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><a href="https://vcontinentalsummitabyayala.blogspot.com/2013/11/communique-to-vatican-dismantling.html" target="_blank">
</a></span></span><div class="post-header">
</div><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><a href="https://vcontinentalsummitabyayala.blogspot.com/2013/11/communique-to-vatican-dismantling.html" target="_blank">
</a></span></span><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><a href="https://vcontinentalsummitabyayala.blogspot.com/2013/11/communique-to-vatican-dismantling.html" target="_blank"><span><b>V Continental Summit of Indigenous Nations and Pueblos of Abya Yala</b></span></a></span></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><a href="https://vcontinentalsummitabyayala.blogspot.com/2013/11/communique-to-vatican-dismantling.html" target="_blank">
<span>
</span><br />
</a></span></span><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><a href="https://vcontinentalsummitabyayala.blogspot.com/2013/11/communique-to-vatican-dismantling.html" target="_blank"><span><b>La Maria Piendamo, Cauca
[Colombia]</b></span></a></span></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><a href="https://vcontinentalsummitabyayala.blogspot.com/2013/11/communique-to-vatican-dismantling.html" target="_blank">
<span>
</span><br />
</a></span></span><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><a href="https://vcontinentalsummitabyayala.blogspot.com/2013/11/communique-to-vatican-dismantling.html" target="_blank"><span>November 15, 2013<br /><br /></span></a></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span>Our position is
that the Vatican State, the Holy See and Your Holiness Pope Francis must take
adequate measures and advance in the process of international responsibility
for the role that the Catholic Church has played in the origin and as intellectual
author of the criminal violations of Human Rights which continue to be
normalized by the Doctrine of Discovery.</span><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span><span style="color: black;">We exhort Your
Holiness to make public comment in repudiation of the Doctrine of Discovery and
in clarification of the contradictions here documented.</span></span><br /></span></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></span>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span><span style="color: black;">Plenary Assembly of V Continental
Summit of Indigenous Nations and Pueblos of Abya Yala<br /><br /><a href="http://www.tonatierra.org"><br /></a></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg026U__3b4sMvBNTyuIF49wcwD1Yz8UAbWtqRJZuvl8q9Nx7Tp1EGl6gq7UYF8dKaH3pA-HwNX7g84q8ZmqmNPEVpFQTC_ZhvEZTlgN-S5XYz2-oLN_ZFeDFPjC31Ohu7_-8UH99pnIkGhw0Nw5yroLyFlh57RaZV0IkIfCZLtx6UGBqP5N6Hkssl-5A/s2048/IMG_2242.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1477" data-original-width="2048" height="462" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg026U__3b4sMvBNTyuIF49wcwD1Yz8UAbWtqRJZuvl8q9Nx7Tp1EGl6gq7UYF8dKaH3pA-HwNX7g84q8ZmqmNPEVpFQTC_ZhvEZTlgN-S5XYz2-oLN_ZFeDFPjC31Ohu7_-8UH99pnIkGhw0Nw5yroLyFlh57RaZV0IkIfCZLtx6UGBqP5N6Hkssl-5A/w640-h462/IMG_2242.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /></span></span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span><span style="color: black;"><a href="http://www.tonatierra.org">TONATIERRA</a></span></span></span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span></span></span></span></b></div><b>
</b><div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span><span style="color: black;">Secretariat of the Continental Commision Abya Yala</span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span><span style="color: black;"> <br />**************<br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></span><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><a href="https://redabyayala.blogspot.com/2021/10/continental-commission-abya-yala.html" target="_blank">Continental Commission Abya Yala: <br />October 12, 2021 Position Statement on the Doctrine of Discovery and the UN Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples</a></span></span></h3><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><div class="post-header">
</div><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b><span>Continental Commission Abya Yala</span></b></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b><span>Centro Cultural Techantit - Maya Vision</span></b></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b><span>TONATIERRA</span></b></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b><span>Dismantling the Doctrine of Discovery </span></b></span></span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">Recommendation: Strengthening
the Mandate of the Special Rapporteur on the Rights of the Indigenous Peoples
of the United Nations</span></b></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">We call for the reinforcement of the mandate of the
Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples:</span></span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><span><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">In consequence and implementation of the pertinent
recommendations formulated by the UN</span></span></span><span><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"> Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues we call for the integration of a</span></span></span><span><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"> formal evaluation</span></b><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"> and a <b>methodology</b> of the processes of repudiation and dismantling of the</span></span></span><span><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"> racist relic of the by the government states of the
Americas by the Special<b> Doctrine of
Discovery</b> Rapporteur on each and every one of her official visits to
countries whose claims of jurisdiction as successor states to the Doctrine on
our continent of <b>Abya Yala</b>
[Americas] are normalized by the Doctrine of the Discovery of Christendom, the <b>Papal Bulls of Pope Alexander VI<i> Inter Caetera</i> </b>(1493) and the
concept of “<b>Original Property of the
State</b>” in the Americas.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></span></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://redabyayala.blogspot.com/2022/03/october-12-2022-decolonizationday.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span><b><span face=""Daytona", sans-serif" style="color: black;">#October12DecolonizationDay</span></b></span></span></span></a></p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span>
</span></span></span><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.bartolinasisa.org/2021/10/13/dia-de-la-descolonizacion/" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span><b><span face=""Daytona", sans-serif" lang="ES" style="color: black;">#Octubre12DiaDeLaDescolonización</span></b></span></span></span></a></p><span style="font-size: x-large;"></span></div></div><a href="https://vcontinentalsummitabyayala.blogspot.com/2013/11/communique-to-vatican-dismantling.html" target="_blank">
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{page:WordSection1;}</style> </a><br /></p>chantlacahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15255116987351106636noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3242193371915035457.post-25266039471181638182022-07-27T22:56:00.002-07:002022-07-27T22:56:57.272-07:00No More<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEiHsSKx1y_hPknRO5Tca8DKSavy2vIWQ9iQQLQMfqGozqNeBRJ1LBhpxsSBRAZAx4GdlIyc53CZFS3_t7nSip6dMjQ6zSVRonLygIEx-P50IVTQlndlBMApYj0GrMSaCJyGEdzpKB5AL6YVLJB1GypgXrLSNYuEYDHtzeF66_kU29LAXl-zXHRXz4_g/s2048/IMG_5798%20-%20Version%202.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1365" data-original-width="2048" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEiHsSKx1y_hPknRO5Tca8DKSavy2vIWQ9iQQLQMfqGozqNeBRJ1LBhpxsSBRAZAx4GdlIyc53CZFS3_t7nSip6dMjQ6zSVRonLygIEx-P50IVTQlndlBMApYj0GrMSaCJyGEdzpKB5AL6YVLJB1GypgXrLSNYuEYDHtzeF66_kU29LAXl-zXHRXz4_g/s320/IMG_5798%20-%20Version%202.JPG" width="320" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>chantlacahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15255116987351106636noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3242193371915035457.post-20524808522280272742022-07-26T09:50:00.009-07:002022-07-27T22:47:21.734-07:00Dismantling the Doctrine of Discovery: "Apologies do not bring justice." <br /><div class="post-header">
<div class="post-header-line-1"></div>
</div>
<p><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMQ3ittuSnYSngeqMzx1aSuKheCK9GpLHnCdldX8LOh87qjYcJcg_crdJsaTMWNTHPmMHyNC6Jqg5XKQnYiZ0cDQARkRliZRu9fBLWovDcuRCY32ROPAob8xkTZ8Cs6FhHzq6sfmglChBZL_omtRnYDCow0ESBIxqGlpljU8k6zzrS52f47TncaXNV4Q/s2048/IMG_2808.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1700" data-original-width="2048" height="532" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMQ3ittuSnYSngeqMzx1aSuKheCK9GpLHnCdldX8LOh87qjYcJcg_crdJsaTMWNTHPmMHyNC6Jqg5XKQnYiZ0cDQARkRliZRu9fBLWovDcuRCY32ROPAob8xkTZ8Cs6FhHzq6sfmglChBZL_omtRnYDCow0ESBIxqGlpljU8k6zzrS52f47TncaXNV4Q/w640-h532/IMG_2808.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /> </span><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Attached
is a document archive which includes some of the background information
on the supposed "abrogation" of the Doctrine of Discovery by the
Vatican. These exchanges were part of a "con" versation (not "ex-con")
since the<b> con job</b> continues, some of the exchanges took place at the UN headquarters with the Papal Nuncio in a face to face meeting.<br /></span></span></p><div dir="ltr"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>The Vatican is complicit</b>. The crime is colonization. The crime scene is the aftermath of genocide: Physical-Cultural-Political-</span><span style="font-size: medium;">Ps<wbr></wbr>ychological. The crime continues.<br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;">If we as Original Nations of Indigenous Peoples <b>Nican Titlacah Ichachitlan Abya Yala</b>
were to take at the 'abrogation' position of the Vatican seriously and
in sincerity, the situation is compounded by the fact of this quote in
2012 by Bishop Bergolio of Buenos Aires, born of of an Italian American
family who settled in what is now called Argentin<span face="arial,sans-serif">a (think silver mines - </span><span><span><span face="arial,sans-serif">Latin: argentum)</span>. <br /></span></span></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span><span><br /></span></span></span></span><div style="margin-left: 40px;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><i><span style="font-size: medium;"><span><span><span face="arial,sans-serif">Last year, at a Mass at Buenos Aires for the <b>30th anniversary of the 1982 Falklands War</b>,
the future Pope told worshippers: “We come to pray for all who have fallen,
sons of the homeland who went out to defend their mother, the homeland, and to
reclaim what is theirs, that is of the homeland, and it was <b>usurped</b>.”</span></span></span><span face="arial,sans-serif">)</span></span></i></span></div></div><div><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;">The
claim by Argentina to the Falkland Islands (called the Islas Malvinas
in Argentina) can only be derived from the purported claim by Spain
under the nefarius Papal Bulls of Christendom. The same Christendom that
Argentina has systematically invoked as a <b>successor state</b> to
Spain of the purported right of territorial domination of Christendom as
a geopolitical entity (similar to NATO) over the rights and <b>HISTORY </b>of the Original Nations of Indigenous Peoples. The domination schema is not only territorial, it is<b> temporal</b>. The Centurians guard the gates of the empire.<br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br />In
other words, in his own words, whatever the Vatican says about
abrogation or rescinding the Doctrine of Discovery in 1537 or whenever,
the memo never got to Bishop Bergoglio (now Pope Francis) since the
charge of "<a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://doctrineofdiscoveryforum.blogspot.com/2013/05/catholic-herald-usurped-malvinas.html&source=gmail&ust=1648975371065000&usg=AOvVaw0Ialqh40VVNtDce7NKzqO8" href="http://doctrineofdiscoveryforum.blogspot.com/2013/05/catholic-herald-usurped-malvinas.html" target="_blank">usurpation</a>"
implies the recognition of the legal validity of the claim to the Islas
Malvinas/Falkland Islands today. Not in 1492, 1493, 1537 or ...by the
way why are we still using their calendar to define our history?<br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span><h3 style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">TONATIERRA - Message to Tom Lantos Human Rights Commission: Human Rights of Indigenous Peoples in the Americas
</span></h3></div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black;">A comprehensive historical understanding and
analysis of the systematic human rights violations against Indigenous Peoples
in the Americas [North-Central-South] must necessarily integrate a critical
position in terms of the <b>international trade policies</b> of the “<b>Corporate
Metropolitan States</b>” <span> </span>in competition
and systemic collusion over the extraction of natural resources and labor of
the <b>Original Nations</b> of Indigenous peoples of the <b>Great Turtle Island
Abya Yala</b>.<span> </span>As both example and
evidence, the “<a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://avalon.law.yale.edu/15th_century/colum.asp&source=gmail&ust=1648975371065000&usg=AOvVaw29mo-dbMOBrZpsRvbZ7Bw1" href="https://avalon.law.yale.edu/15th_century/colum.asp" target="_blank"><b>Privileges and Prerogatives Granted by Their Catholic
Majesties to Christopher Columbus (1492)</b></a>” outline the rewards and
protections of the initial colonial enterprise of seeking <b>World Trade Organization</b>
routes to the Indies on behalf of the European Royalty.<span> </span>These packages of privilege and profit are
institutionalized today via the multilateral international trade agreements
such as the recently adopted <a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://redabyayala.blogspot.com/2019/01/&source=gmail&ust=1648975371065000&usg=AOvVaw16trsG7KV-v4jBifqwX31g" href="https://redabyayala.blogspot.com/2019/01/" target="_blank"><b>US-Mexico-Canada Agreement USMCA</b> </a>(2020).</span></span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black;"> </span></span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black;">On this point, we would concur with the
statement by TLHRC co-chair James P. McGovern (D-MA) made during the virtual
hearing on November 20:</span></span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: black;"> </span></b></span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.3in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: black;">“We should
be examining the impacts of our trade agreements on Indigenous Rights.”</span></b></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.3in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: black;"><br /></span></b></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.3in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: #990000;">******************************<wbr></wbr>****</span><br /></span></b></span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black;"></span></span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtc2TytNiCkNy3qFmJSiWPuOxBJpZZaioRSynIbkA8IRCGBaetleED0HjQGWF6JT1fRsW71OM7CGH-pvgNsskiCTi5Ci5NTGWWm5b6k3o00-tyxE64E0-d_vhiuwXvnz2T3xqFHMtGIpQ6Tp0YS6S86fkEkSTX9-Fb2LpXiqhom5iJDYOhvwORTa2i7A/s2048/IMG_2981.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1924" data-original-width="2048" height="301" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtc2TytNiCkNy3qFmJSiWPuOxBJpZZaioRSynIbkA8IRCGBaetleED0HjQGWF6JT1fRsW71OM7CGH-pvgNsskiCTi5Ci5NTGWWm5b6k3o00-tyxE64E0-d_vhiuwXvnz2T3xqFHMtGIpQ6Tp0YS6S86fkEkSTX9-Fb2LpXiqhom5iJDYOhvwORTa2i7A/s320/IMG_2981.JPG" width="320" /></a></span></span></span></span></div><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black;"><br /> </span></span></span></span><p></p></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"><span>Final comments:</span></span></div><ul style="text-align: justify;"><li><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"><span>The issue of the Falkland Islands/Islas Malvinas has been a permanent item on the agenda of the <a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.un.org/dppa/decolonization/en/content/falkland-islands-malvinas&source=gmail&ust=1648975371065000&usg=AOvVaw1qmhlRVg2maAiPPr5oxeCm" href="https://www.un.org/dppa/decolonization/en/content/falkland-islands-malvinas" target="_blank">UN Decolonization Committee</a> since 1964.</span></span></li></ul><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"><span> </span></span><ul style="text-align: justify;"><li><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"><span>The Vatican as the Imperial Arbiter of Christendom never has had any moral or legal right to ascribe its domination over our <a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://unpfip.blogspot.com/2011/10/font-face-font-family-timesfont-face.html&source=gmail&ust=1648975371065000&usg=AOvVaw1KvDZOLIAsXP6c7NfR2E7p" href="http://unpfip.blogspot.com/2011/10/font-face-font-family-timesfont-face.html" target="_blank"><b>Original Nations of Indigenous Peoples</b></a>. Never will. <br /></span></span><br /><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"><span>The Vatican Bank must answer in its accounting system to the violations of <a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://redabyayala.blogspot.com/2020/11/tonatierra-message-to-tom-lantos-human.html&source=gmail&ust=1648975371065000&usg=AOvVaw1jhueDf3pB0AfisMMGjs78" href="https://redabyayala.blogspot.com/2020/11/tonatierra-message-to-tom-lantos-human.html" target="_blank"><b>Free, Prior, and Informed Consent</b></a>
regarding projects that affect the territories and human rights of
Indigenous Peoples. These violations must be identified as legal
liabilities, <b>issues of risk</b> and this standard must be adopted by
all financial institutions of the international banking system. In
particular, this standard must be applied to the extractive industries
presently invading Indigenous Territories under the <b>legaloid </b>perfume
of the concessions given them by the successor states to the Doctrine
of Discover in the Americas (all of them) over territories which are
under the jurisdiction of the Original Nations of Indigenous Peoples.</span></span></li></ul><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"><span> </span></span></div></div><ul style="text-align: justify;"><li><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"><span>The Vatican is a member state of the UN system. As a member state, the Vatican State <i>aka </i>the Holy See must be held accountable to the <a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://redabyayala.blogspot.com/2022/01/tonatierra-indigenous-nationhood-and.html&source=gmail&ust=1648975371065000&usg=AOvVaw2rBdAH0RaTkjeq_FVzZKL7" href="https://redabyayala.blogspot.com/2022/01/tonatierra-indigenous-nationhood-and.html" target="_blank">procedures of decolonization</a>
that are referenced in the UN General Assembly resolution 1514, 1547
et. al. The Vatican State has a legal responsibility as a UN member
state to commit to the decolonization of this continent, in the spirit
of the full and effective realization of the right of Indigenous Self
Determination as "<i><b>Peoples, equal to all other peoples</b>.</i>.."
with Treaties, equal to all other treaties, and with the right of
Nationhood and nationality in our own right, and with our own light.</span></span></li></ul><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"><span> <br /></span></span><div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgY3a_UbCHzTfJ9-tuOmoDkuZ40LgmueGl6QywY_94md721RLNG-BX6HrVAH8zxrU8a8XSiI8enZUD8LE8lxYcprsQxW1TWZyyeKpEOf-ZgLA03GlFSvSLpSsBeSXbaqmNO9ea7V_41stIc8czlGWJLaliztflpFzbr7RgLXiWyLCewvIgTraByOEuOPg/s1024/IMG_4546.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="807" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgY3a_UbCHzTfJ9-tuOmoDkuZ40LgmueGl6QywY_94md721RLNG-BX6HrVAH8zxrU8a8XSiI8enZUD8LE8lxYcprsQxW1TWZyyeKpEOf-ZgLA03GlFSvSLpSsBeSXbaqmNO9ea7V_41stIc8czlGWJLaliztflpFzbr7RgLXiWyLCewvIgTraByOEuOPg/w504-h640/IMG_4546.jpg" width="504" /></a></div><br /><b><br /><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></b></span></div><div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span class="il">DISMANTLING</span>:</b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>Update Mexico:</b></span></span><br /></div><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://inxinachtliinmilpa.blogspot.com/2021/08/ni-conquista-ni-reconquista-as.html&source=gmail&ust=1648975371065000&usg=AOvVaw3h8OEoXgrG2xjgQHm26bZh" href="https://inxinachtliinmilpa.blogspot.com/2021/08/ni-conquista-ni-reconquista-as.html" target="_blank"><b><span face=""Papyrus",sans-serif" style="font-size: 18pt; letter-spacing: 2.5pt;">IN ĪNEMATIYĀ ĀNĀHUAC</span></b></a></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://inxinachtliinmilpa.blogspot.com/2021/08/ni-conquista-ni-reconquista-as.html&source=gmail&ust=1648975371065000&usg=AOvVaw3h8OEoXgrG2xjgQHm26bZh" href="https://inxinachtliinmilpa.blogspot.com/2021/08/ni-conquista-ni-reconquista-as.html" target="_blank">
</a></span><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://inxinachtliinmilpa.blogspot.com/2021/08/ni-conquista-ni-reconquista-as.html&source=gmail&ust=1648975371065000&usg=AOvVaw3h8OEoXgrG2xjgQHm26bZh" href="https://inxinachtliinmilpa.blogspot.com/2021/08/ni-conquista-ni-reconquista-as.html" target="_blank"><b><span face=""Papyrus",sans-serif" style="font-size: 18pt; letter-spacing: 2.5pt;">The Sentiment of Anáhuac</span></b></a></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://inxinachtliinmilpa.blogspot.com/2021/08/ni-conquista-ni-reconquista-as.html&source=gmail&ust=1648975371065000&usg=AOvVaw3h8OEoXgrG2xjgQHm26bZh" href="https://inxinachtliinmilpa.blogspot.com/2021/08/ni-conquista-ni-reconquista-as.html" target="_blank">
</a></span><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://inxinachtliinmilpa.blogspot.com/2021/08/ni-conquista-ni-reconquista-as.html&source=gmail&ust=1648975371065000&usg=AOvVaw3h8OEoXgrG2xjgQHm26bZh" href="https://inxinachtliinmilpa.blogspot.com/2021/08/ni-conquista-ni-reconquista-as.html" target="_blank"><b><span face=""Papyrus",sans-serif" style="font-size: 18pt; letter-spacing: 2.5pt;">August 13, 2021</span></b></a></span></p></div><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span><span><span><span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><b><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">As Indigenous Peoples of
Anahuac, we are not conquered peoples</span></b><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">. We reject, refute, and
challenge the Master’s Narrative that the claims that the colonizing invasion
of the Spanish Conquistadors into our territories is anything more that simply
that: an illegal invasion that continues until today in with multinational
corporate armor and international trade agreements.<span> </span>Against this invasion of 500 years, we
continue to resist, rebel, and reassert our right of <b>Self Determination</b>
as <b>Indigenous Peoples</b>, <b><i>equal to all other peoples.</i></b></span></span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>
</span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif"> </span></span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>
</span></span></span><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span><span><span>·<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">We <b>repudiate, denounce,
defy</b> the violent imposition of the nefarious “<b>Doctrine of Discovery of
Christendom</b> (1492)”</span><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">
via the Papal Bulls <i>Inter Caetera</i> (1493), <i>et al</i> </span><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">as
the legaloid basis which the Mexican state claims in order to usurp and violate
our territories without moral or legal justification, embodied in the concept
of <b>Original Property of the Nation </b>which was instituted nationally with
the Constitution of Mexico in 1917;</span></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLADEP9bspfEyPvN6OHK_FlOUOT3VQXRCqdedPXz9JZJbQSN4aaoISpLCgGc31e_RX0yYcLP7LXhnblHJ5APHtM3AYOv4FsKjkcB4INcR0vdX1VjvabwfHHSbcom3SZ_2SF646H3ye2-D_pFnLe-GETRqVkWy5ox_K9eXQfcZ3PDqcfLp-FO_1WK1wvw/s400/Raise%20My%20Heart%20.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="384" data-original-width="400" height="384" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLADEP9bspfEyPvN6OHK_FlOUOT3VQXRCqdedPXz9JZJbQSN4aaoISpLCgGc31e_RX0yYcLP7LXhnblHJ5APHtM3AYOv4FsKjkcB4INcR0vdX1VjvabwfHHSbcom3SZ_2SF646H3ye2-D_pFnLe-GETRqVkWy5ox_K9eXQfcZ3PDqcfLp-FO_1WK1wvw/w400-h384/Raise%20My%20Heart%20.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span><p></p></div>chantlacahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15255116987351106636noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3242193371915035457.post-17438556642547014532022-04-02T12:43:00.002-07:002022-04-02T12:43:14.844-07:00GoodBad<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEih3Zt2lnnPMg_wlr2BsArM38k767IvIarlW6Fyf0TPSPgUOq4zwfH2TxixeZWn8wNXpFaeI1-SCXIeNGmlmIopkhrb-bVDsokQhMQPd_yIFjKeS003mvWhEb4epY4MZxs90gkJRZuM7GzxmJESUc7Sm90HhB9DSXG4e3LyHmuTLIOeSn3A1sAN_TmVVA/s2048/IMG_2808.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1700" data-original-width="2048" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEih3Zt2lnnPMg_wlr2BsArM38k767IvIarlW6Fyf0TPSPgUOq4zwfH2TxixeZWn8wNXpFaeI1-SCXIeNGmlmIopkhrb-bVDsokQhMQPd_yIFjKeS003mvWhEb4epY4MZxs90gkJRZuM7GzxmJESUc7Sm90HhB9DSXG4e3LyHmuTLIOeSn3A1sAN_TmVVA/s320/IMG_2808.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>chantlacahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15255116987351106636noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3242193371915035457.post-34787094089618614222022-04-02T01:45:00.002-07:002022-07-26T09:49:12.672-07:00Dismantling the Doctrine of Discovery: "Apologies do not bring justice."<p><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMQ3ittuSnYSngeqMzx1aSuKheCK9GpLHnCdldX8LOh87qjYcJcg_crdJsaTMWNTHPmMHyNC6Jqg5XKQnYiZ0cDQARkRliZRu9fBLWovDcuRCY32ROPAob8xkTZ8Cs6FhHzq6sfmglChBZL_omtRnYDCow0ESBIxqGlpljU8k6zzrS52f47TncaXNV4Q/s2048/IMG_2808.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1700" data-original-width="2048" height="532" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMQ3ittuSnYSngeqMzx1aSuKheCK9GpLHnCdldX8LOh87qjYcJcg_crdJsaTMWNTHPmMHyNC6Jqg5XKQnYiZ0cDQARkRliZRu9fBLWovDcuRCY32ROPAob8xkTZ8Cs6FhHzq6sfmglChBZL_omtRnYDCow0ESBIxqGlpljU8k6zzrS52f47TncaXNV4Q/w640-h532/IMG_2808.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /> </span><p></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Attached
is a document archive which includes some of the background information
on the supposed "abrogation" of the Doctrine of Discovery by the
Vatican. These exchanges were part of a "con" versation (not "ex-con")
since the<b> con job</b> continues, some of the exchanges took place at the UN headquarters with the Papal Nuncio in a face to face meeting.<br /></span></p><div dir="ltr"><div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>The Vatican is complicit</b>. The crime is colonization. The crime scene is the aftermath of genocide: Physical-Cultural-Political-</span><span style="font-size: medium;">Ps<wbr></wbr>ychological. The crime continues.<br /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;">If we as Original Nations of Indigenous Peoples <b>Nican Titlacah Ichachitlan Abya Yala</b>
were to take at the 'abrogation' position of the Vatican seriously and
in sincerity, the situation is compounded by the fact of this quote in
2012 by Bishop Bergolio of Buenos Aires, born of of an Italian American
family who settled in what is now called Argentin<span face="arial,sans-serif">a (think silver mines - </span><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span><span face="arial,sans-serif">Latin: argentum)</span>. <br /><br /></span></span></span><div style="margin-left: 40px;"><i><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span><span face="arial,sans-serif">Last year, at a Mass at Buenos Aires for the <b>30th anniversary of the 1982 Falklands War</b>,
the future Pope told worshippers: “We come to pray for all who have fallen,
sons of the homeland who went out to defend their mother, the homeland, and to
reclaim what is theirs, that is of the homeland, and it was <b>usurped</b>.”</span></span></span><span face="arial,sans-serif">)</span></span></i></div></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;">The
claim by Argentina to the Falkland Islands (called the Islas Malvinas
in Argentina) can only be derived from the purported claim by Spain
under the nefarius Papal Bulls of Christendom. The same Christendom that
Argentina has systematically invoked as a <b>successor state</b> to
Spain of the purported right of territorial domination of Christendom as
a geopolitical entity (similar to NATO) over the rights and <b>HISTORY </b>of the Original Nations of Indigenous Peoples. The domination schema is not only territorial, it is<b> temporal</b>. The Centurians guard the gates of the empire.<br /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br />In
other words, in his own words, whatever the Vatican says about
abrogation or rescinding the Doctrine of Discovery in 1537 or whenever,
the memo never got to Bishop Bergoglio (now Pope Francis) since the
charge of "<a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://doctrineofdiscoveryforum.blogspot.com/2013/05/catholic-herald-usurped-malvinas.html&source=gmail&ust=1648975371065000&usg=AOvVaw0Ialqh40VVNtDce7NKzqO8" href="http://doctrineofdiscoveryforum.blogspot.com/2013/05/catholic-herald-usurped-malvinas.html" target="_blank">usurpation</a>"
implies the recognition of the legal validity of the claim to the Islas
Malvinas/Falkland Islands today. Not in 1492, 1493, 1537 or ...by the
way why are we still using their calendar to define our history?<br /><br /></span><h3 style="text-align: center;">TONATIERRA - Message to Tom Lantos Human Rights Commission: Human Rights of Indigenous Peoples in the Americas
</h3></div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black;">A comprehensive historical understanding and
analysis of the systematic human rights violations against Indigenous Peoples
in the Americas [North-Central-South] must necessarily integrate a critical
position in terms of the <b>international trade policies</b> of the “<b>Corporate
Metropolitan States</b>” <span> </span>in competition
and systemic collusion over the extraction of natural resources and labor of
the <b>Original Nations</b> of Indigenous peoples of the <b>Great Turtle Island
Abya Yala</b>.<span> </span>As both example and
evidence, the “<a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://avalon.law.yale.edu/15th_century/colum.asp&source=gmail&ust=1648975371065000&usg=AOvVaw29mo-dbMOBrZpsRvbZ7Bw1" href="https://avalon.law.yale.edu/15th_century/colum.asp" target="_blank"><b>Privileges and Prerogatives Granted by Their Catholic
Majesties to Christopher Columbus (1492)</b></a>” outline the rewards and
protections of the initial colonial enterprise of seeking <b>World Trade Organization</b>
routes to the Indies on behalf of the European Royalty.<span> </span>These packages of privilege and profit are
institutionalized today via the multilateral international trade agreements
such as the recently adopted <a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://redabyayala.blogspot.com/2019/01/&source=gmail&ust=1648975371065000&usg=AOvVaw16trsG7KV-v4jBifqwX31g" href="https://redabyayala.blogspot.com/2019/01/" target="_blank"><b>US-Mexico-Canada Agreement USMCA</b> </a>(2020).</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black;"> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black;">On this point, we would concur with the
statement by TLHRC co-chair James P. McGovern (D-MA) made during the virtual
hearing on November 20:</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: black;"> </span></b></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.3in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: black;">“We should
be examining the impacts of our trade agreements on Indigenous Rights.”</span></b></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.3in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: black;"><br /></span></b></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.3in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: #990000;">******************************<wbr></wbr>****</span><br /></span></b></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black;"> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;">Final comments:</span></div><ul><li><span style="font-size: medium;">The issue of the Falkland Islands/Islas Malvinas has been a permanent item on the agenda of the <a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.un.org/dppa/decolonization/en/content/falkland-islands-malvinas&source=gmail&ust=1648975371065000&usg=AOvVaw1qmhlRVg2maAiPPr5oxeCm" href="https://www.un.org/dppa/decolonization/en/content/falkland-islands-malvinas" target="_blank">UN Decolonization Committee</a> since 1964.<br /></span></li></ul></div><div dir="ltr"><ul><li><span style="font-size: medium;">The Vatican as the Imperial Arbiter of Christendom never has had any moral right to ascribe its domination over our <a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://unpfip.blogspot.com/2011/10/font-face-font-family-timesfont-face.html&source=gmail&ust=1648975371065000&usg=AOvVaw1KvDZOLIAsXP6c7NfR2E7p" href="http://unpfip.blogspot.com/2011/10/font-face-font-family-timesfont-face.html" target="_blank"><b>Original Nations of Indigenous Peoples</b></a>. Never will.</span><br /><span style="font-size: medium;">The Vatican Bank must answer in its accounting system to the violations of <a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://redabyayala.blogspot.com/2020/11/tonatierra-message-to-tom-lantos-human.html&source=gmail&ust=1648975371065000&usg=AOvVaw1jhueDf3pB0AfisMMGjs78" href="https://redabyayala.blogspot.com/2020/11/tonatierra-message-to-tom-lantos-human.html" target="_blank"><b>Free, Prior, and Informed Consent</b></a>
regarding projects that affect the territories and human rights of
Indigneous Peoples. These violations must be identified as legal
liabilities, <b>issues of risk</b> and this standard must be adopted by
all financial institutions of the international banking system. In
particular, this standard must be applied to the extractive industries
presently invading Indigneous Territories under the <b>legaloid </b>perfume
of the concessions given them by the successor states to the Doctrine
of Discover in the Americas (all of them) over territories which are
under the jurisdiction of the Original Nations of Indigenous Peoples.</span></li></ul></div><div dir="ltr"><ul><li><span style="font-size: medium;">The Vatican is a member state of the UN system. As a member state, the Vatican State <i>aka </i>the Holy See must be held accountable to the <a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://redabyayala.blogspot.com/2022/01/tonatierra-indigenous-nationhood-and.html&source=gmail&ust=1648975371065000&usg=AOvVaw2rBdAH0RaTkjeq_FVzZKL7" href="https://redabyayala.blogspot.com/2022/01/tonatierra-indigenous-nationhood-and.html" target="_blank">procedures of decolonization</a>
that are referenced in the UN General Assembly resolution 1514, 1547
et. al. The Vatican State has a legal responsibility as a UN member
state to commit to the decolonization of this continent, in the spirit
of the full and effective realization of the right of Indigenous Self
Determination as "<i><b>Peoples, equal to all other peoples</b>.</i>.."
with Treaties, equal to all other treaties, and with the right of
Nationhood and nationality in our own right, and with our own light.<br /></span></li></ul><div><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></b></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span class="il">DISMANTLING</span>: update Mexico:<br /></b><br /></span><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://inxinachtliinmilpa.blogspot.com/2021/08/ni-conquista-ni-reconquista-as.html&source=gmail&ust=1648975371065000&usg=AOvVaw3h8OEoXgrG2xjgQHm26bZh" href="https://inxinachtliinmilpa.blogspot.com/2021/08/ni-conquista-ni-reconquista-as.html" target="_blank"><b><span face=""Papyrus",sans-serif" style="font-size: 18pt; letter-spacing: 2.5pt;">IN ĪNEMATIYĀ ĀNĀHUAC</span></b></a></p><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://inxinachtliinmilpa.blogspot.com/2021/08/ni-conquista-ni-reconquista-as.html&source=gmail&ust=1648975371065000&usg=AOvVaw3h8OEoXgrG2xjgQHm26bZh" href="https://inxinachtliinmilpa.blogspot.com/2021/08/ni-conquista-ni-reconquista-as.html" target="_blank">
</a><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://inxinachtliinmilpa.blogspot.com/2021/08/ni-conquista-ni-reconquista-as.html&source=gmail&ust=1648975371065000&usg=AOvVaw3h8OEoXgrG2xjgQHm26bZh" href="https://inxinachtliinmilpa.blogspot.com/2021/08/ni-conquista-ni-reconquista-as.html" target="_blank"><b><span face=""Papyrus",sans-serif" style="font-size: 18pt; letter-spacing: 2.5pt;">The Sentiment of Anáhuac</span></b></a></p><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://inxinachtliinmilpa.blogspot.com/2021/08/ni-conquista-ni-reconquista-as.html&source=gmail&ust=1648975371065000&usg=AOvVaw3h8OEoXgrG2xjgQHm26bZh" href="https://inxinachtliinmilpa.blogspot.com/2021/08/ni-conquista-ni-reconquista-as.html" target="_blank">
</a><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://inxinachtliinmilpa.blogspot.com/2021/08/ni-conquista-ni-reconquista-as.html&source=gmail&ust=1648975371065000&usg=AOvVaw3h8OEoXgrG2xjgQHm26bZh" href="https://inxinachtliinmilpa.blogspot.com/2021/08/ni-conquista-ni-reconquista-as.html" target="_blank"><b><span face=""Papyrus",sans-serif" style="font-size: 18pt; letter-spacing: 2.5pt;">August 13, 2021</span></b></a></p></div><div><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span><span><span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><b><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">As Indigenous Peoples of
Anahuac, we are not conquered peoples</span></b><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">. We reject, refute, and
challenge the Master’s Narrative that the claims that the colonizing invasion
of the Spanish Conquistadors into our territories is anything more that simply
that: an illegal invasion that continues until today in with multinational
corporate armor and international trade agreements.<span> </span>Against this invasion of 500 years, we
continue to resist, rebel, and reassert our right of <b>Self Determination</b>
as <b>Indigenous Peoples</b>, <b><i>equal to all other peoples.</i></b></span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif"> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span><span>·<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">We <b>repudiate, denounce,
defy</b> the violent imposition of the nefarious “<b>Doctrine of Discovery of
Christendom</b> (1492)”</span><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">
via the Papal Bulls <i>Inter Caetera</i> (1493), <i>et al</i> </span><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">as
the legaloid basis which the Mexican state claims in order to usurp and violate
our territories without moral or legal justification, embodied in the concept
of <b>Original Property of the Nation </b>which was instituted nationally with
the Constitution of Mexico in 1917;</span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif"> </span></span></span></p><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div></div></div>chantlacahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15255116987351106636noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3242193371915035457.post-47787362488215546322022-02-02T15:58:00.027-08:002022-02-02T22:49:49.382-08:00 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Sub-Commission<div><p class="MsoNormal"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;">February 2, 2022</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><style>@font-face
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{page:WordSection1</style></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"></span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b> </b></span></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhvv9sc-KPT2elgzbv1kHxPyn_UhzKhiyWsjru4ZmbpPqpgRP4iEAou6ifD1a1OX4rdyaIPQ2C-ZOz32bdnS3TOCAuJRB82x_ToeMIjtV32WgX4a1eR3VWND7TY6Z7uCCTv9xEmhBCZjKrTqNPIPRThylJ-BblvarSUVmI9kgmajq4G3kQxLJmA77leug=s720" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="720" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhvv9sc-KPT2elgzbv1kHxPyn_UhzKhiyWsjru4ZmbpPqpgRP4iEAou6ifD1a1OX4rdyaIPQ2C-ZOz32bdnS3TOCAuJRB82x_ToeMIjtV32WgX4a1eR3VWND7TY6Z7uCCTv9xEmhBCZjKrTqNPIPRThylJ-BblvarSUVmI9kgmajq4G3kQxLJmA77leug=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span><p></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">A Working Group of Indigenous Peoples established under the
mandate of the <a href="https://doctrineofdiscoveryforum.blogspot.com/2019/11/kings-and-kingdoms-doctrine-and.html" target="_blank"><b>Continental Commission Abya Yala</b></a> to advance the <b>Dismantling of the
Doctrine of Discovery </b>of Christendom in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (US-Mexico
1848) Territories in accord with the spirit of <b>Self Determination</b> and the <a href="http://unpfip.blogspot.com/2014/12/the-time-is-now-architectures-of-states.html" target="_blank"><b>Territorial Integrity of Mother Earth</b></a>.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #990000;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"> ***************************</span></span></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #990000; font-size: x-large;"><span><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></span></span><a href=" https://redabyayala.blogspot.com/2021/03/in-inematiya-anahuac-sentiment-of_22.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: x-large;">IN ĪNEMATIYĀ ĀNĀHUAC </span></a></b><a href=" https://redabyayala.blogspot.com/2021/03/in-inematiya-anahuac-sentiment-of_22.html" target="_blank"><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><b>The Sentiment of Anáhuac </b></span></a><br /><span style="font-size: large;">Tlanexpapalotl
Chicanahui Calli Xihuitl <br /><br />March 20, 2021 <br /><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span><b><i><span>Taking into account</span></i></b><span> the
historical horizon of the anniversary of the 500 years of dispossession,
colonization, and genocide that our Indigenous Peoples of Anáhuac have survived
since <b>August 13, 1521</b>;</span></span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span>
</span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span>
</span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span><b><i><span>Realizing </span></i></b><span>the
inherent and permanent cultural, political, and ecological will that <b><i>We the
Peoples</i></b> and <b>Original Nations of Anáhuac</b> maintain by virtue of
our international right of <b>Self <span> </span>Determination</b>;</span></span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span>
</span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span>
</span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span><b><i><span>Recalling and reaffirming</span></i></b><span> that the
limits of our ancestral territories as <b>Indigenous Peoples</b> and <b>Confederations
of Indigenous Nations</b> of Anáhuac are not prescribed under any colonizing or
legaloid concept such as the <b>Doctrine of the Discovery of Christendom</b>,
nor the international borders imposed with the <b>Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo<span style="color: #990000;"><span style="color: black;">
(1848)</span><span style="color: black;">;<br /></span></span></b></span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span><span><b><span style="color: #990000;"><span style="color: black;"><br />YouTube:<br /></span></span></b></span></span></span></span></p><b><span style="color: #990000;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span>
</span></span></span></span></b><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SGl2GaA-ets&t=500s" target="_blank"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span><span style="color: #990000;"> </span></span></span></span></b></a><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SGl2GaA-ets&t=500s" target="_blank"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">Imihuan Tenamaxtle
Las Flechas de Tenamaxtle<br />The Arrows of Tenamaxtle<br /></span></b></a><span><b><span style="color: #990000;"><br /></span></b></span></span></span><b><span style="color: #990000;">***********</span><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span><span style="color: #990000;">
</span></span></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>United Nations</b></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS</b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Sub Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and
Protection of Minorities</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">E/CN.4/Sub.2/1999/20</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">22 June 1999</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>HUMAN RIGHTS OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES</b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://unpfip.blogspot.com/2021/06/blog-post.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Study on treaties, agreements and other constructive arrangements
between States and indigenous populations</b></span></a></p><a href="http://unpfip.blogspot.com/2021/06/blog-post.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span></a><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://unpfip.blogspot.com/2021/06/blog-post.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Final report by Miguel Alfonso Martínez, Special Rapporteur</b></span></a><br /><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "MS Gothic"; mso-bidi-font-family: "MS Gothic";"> </span><span style="font-size: large;">It follows that the issue of treaties affecting indigenous
peoples as third parties may continue to be relevant insofar as they remain in
force and insofar as indigenous peoples already participate - or may in the
future - in the implementation of their provisions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Among the 10 instruments previously
considered for analysis, 18 apart from the Lapp Codicil, several others would
warrant further scrutiny, among them the 1794 Jay Treaty and the <b>1848 Treaty of
Guadalupe-Hidalgo,</b> both of apparent special significance for the <b>indigenous
nations</b> along the borders of the United States with Canada and Mexico
respectively.<br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p>
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{page:WordSection1;}</style>***************</span></b><br /></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
</p><br /><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #990000;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"> Mexico</span></span></b></span></p><h1 class="title"><a href="https://desmantelamientodoctrinadescubr.blogspot.com/">
DesmantelamientoDeLaDoctrinaDelDescubrimiento
</a></h1><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
<a href="https://desmantelamientodoctrinadescubr.blogspot.com/2021/07/acerca-de-la-proclama-sentimiento-de.html">Acerca de la proclama Sentimiento de Anáhuac </a>
</h3>
<div class="post-header">
</div>
<p><br /></p>
<div class="post-header">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLRgzl1cNN3TcNuUh1p1rRibgbk6Z51OVoaeL5zm4EWmxR9SVmIqU0TBE0gvwXc2IcV50gj-8gFastRnMu5HW4Jkdo_dp-fzSiNmPDXezXrAVpLPqU8wmhsUivYqr_xYW3_JZerfGOQdQ/s2048/B4AAE5BE-39E8-41C0-A30D-56E58FF35B7C_1_201_a.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="2048" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLRgzl1cNN3TcNuUh1p1rRibgbk6Z51OVoaeL5zm4EWmxR9SVmIqU0TBE0gvwXc2IcV50gj-8gFastRnMu5HW4Jkdo_dp-fzSiNmPDXezXrAVpLPqU8wmhsUivYqr_xYW3_JZerfGOQdQ/w640-h640/B4AAE5BE-39E8-41C0-A30D-56E58FF35B7C_1_201_a.jpeg" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b>Xinachtlacaliztli</b><br /><i>Sexto Sol - Sixth Sun</i></span><br /></div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">Carlos Chablé Mendoza<br />15 de julio 2021<br /></span></span></i></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">En relación al pronunciamiento y llamado hechos a través del
escrito Sentimiento de Anáhuac, difundido para recordar el próximo <b>13 de agosto
de 2021</b> la llamada <b>Caída de Tenochtitlan</b>, me permito hacer memoria y compartir
estas palabras con quienes se sienten parte de los pueblos indígenas, con los
que se han hermanado con nosotros y con las personas que simpatizan o se
consideran aliados de nuestra lucha anticolonial, por libre determinación y
autonomía.<span> </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br />A la luz de lo ocurrido en Anáhuac recordamos que, en la
Península de Yucatán, nuestros abuelos y abuelas protagonizaron y continuaron
la valiente resistencia iniciada en territorio Maya en 1517, en lo que hoy se
conoce como Quintana Roo.</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br />Luego de la “caída” de Tenochtitlan en 1521, de la
pretendida invasión y conquista de la actual Ciudad de México, los españoles
regresaron a la Península de Yucatán para tratar nuevamente de vencer la
resistencia Maya y conquistarnos. Venían con ellos ejércitos de pueblos
originarios que se les habían aliado para vencer a los mexicas, pero aun así no
pudieron establecer sus primeros asentamientos coloniales sino hasta después de
1540.<br /><br />Y hay que mencionar que la parte suroriental de la Península se mantuvo
como región irredenta a donde acudían a establecerse los mayas que no aceptaron
la colonización ni la explotación que esta trajo e incluso había quienes
llegaban a refugiarse hasta El Petén, actual Guatemala.<br /><br />Así que con la llamada
“caída” de Tenochtitlan no derrotaron a todos los pueblos. Después del 13 de
agosto de 1521 la resistencia también fue continuada de diversas maneras por
los sobrevivientes a las matanzas cometidas por los españoles y sus aliados en
la Gran Tenochtitlán, una de estas maneras fue que los ancianos y ancianas
mantuvieron la memoria, sabiduría y espiritualidad que transmitieron a hijos y
nietos.</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br />Si la <i><b>Cicitlaquiahuitl</b></i> (Lluvia de Estrellas Perseidas)
alcanzará de nuevo su punto máximo este año antes del amanecer del 13 de agosto
hay que destacar la importancia de este acontecimiento anual como parte del
fortalecimiento de la identidad y memoria indígenas.</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br />Bien dice el Sentimiento de Anáhuac: <b>no somos pueblos
conquistados ni derrotado</b>s, si la invasión y colonización continúan al igual
sigue viva nuestra resistencia iniciada en 1517 y que ha tenido importantes
manifestaciones como el levantamiento maya en Kisteil en 1761, el gran
levantamiento maya iniciado en Tepich en 1847, que nos permitió recuperar
territorio, vivir independientes y con gobierno propio. <br /><br />Con este <b>Levantamiento Maya de 1847</b>, mal llamado <b>Guerra de Castas de Yucatán</b>, se establecieron
asientos importantes de poder como lo fue Noj Kaaj Santa Cruz Xbáalam Naj y
Tulum desde donde los cruzo’ob, cruces, gobernaron lo que es el actual estado
de Quintana Roo. Podemos mencionar otros hechos de la resistencia maya como
fueron los enfrentamientos de nuestros abuelos con las fuerzas mexicanas en
Dzulá (1933) y Chemax (1976). <br /><br />Así que, ¿cuál derrota? nunca hubo acuerdo de paz
ni armisticio real después de la ocupación mexicana del territorio maya
cruzo’ob en 1901, misma que lograron luego de varios intentos las fuerzas
militares de los gobiernos yucateco y mexicano.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEia48jXkqFv1wpxVi08uh2GxQDoVXl8-g3o1nIakwRhEiVUr4R1UmQkVMdWdRiTp4G_fSFWXGznE5lfWOnwIBYly9k3bEUZuj_lv5TR9lp00BUX3eHX9hZ5HFSL3u5a1Ns3cHJwm-mmX9o/s960/Star+Man.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="664" data-original-width="960" height="276" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEia48jXkqFv1wpxVi08uh2GxQDoVXl8-g3o1nIakwRhEiVUr4R1UmQkVMdWdRiTp4G_fSFWXGznE5lfWOnwIBYly9k3bEUZuj_lv5TR9lp00BUX3eHX9hZ5HFSL3u5a1Ns3cHJwm-mmX9o/w400-h276/Star+Man.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">Existe razón y mucha en lo dicho en el texto del Sentimiento
de Anáhuac que dice:<br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"></span></span><blockquote><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><blockquote>“Repudiamos, denunciamos, desafiamos la imposición
violenta de la nefasta <b>Doctrina del Descubrimiento </b>a través de las Bulas
Papales (1493)”,</blockquote></span></span></span></blockquote><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"></span></span><br /></div><div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">y reitero lo dicho en mi carta abierta del 30 de abril de este
año dirigida al presidente de México con motivo de su “<b>petición de perdón</b>” al
pueblo maya por agravios cometidos en su contra durante la llamada guerra de
castas de 1847:</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"></span></span></p><blockquote><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">“Usted ha solicitado al gobierno español y al jefe del Vaticano
que ‘pidan perdón por los abusos, crímenes y atropellos contra los pueblos
originarios’, en ocasión de que este año se cumplirán 500 años de la conquista
de la antigua Tenochtitlan. De nada han servido esas solicitudes de perdón
dirigidas a aquellos que aún tienen enorme deuda histórica con los pueblos
indígenas. En este sentido, (recordamos) la deuda del Estado Mexicano es enorme
y aún está pendiente de ser saldada, tan grande es esa deuda que para entender
su magnitud hay que recordar que la legislación vigente, en éste y los demás
estados-nación del continente, tiene como base las bulas papales alejandrinas
que dividieron arbitrariamente el llamado "nuevo mundo" para
obsequiarlo a gobiernos de España y Portugal. Esa acción ocurrida hace más de
500 años marcó el destino de los pueblos indígenas pues legalizaron y
justificaron la conquista y etnocidio padecidos. Ahora, con el argumento de que
las tierras son "propiedad de la nación" se siguen cometiendo
invasiones y despojos. Por eso, ahora se dan casos en los que se trata como
invasores a quienes nacieron y viven desde hace mucho tiempo en la ruta trazada
para el llamado tren maya”.</span></span></blockquote><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">El <b>Tratado de Guadalupe Hidalgo</b> (1848) que mencionan intentó
separar a los pueblos originarios del norte de Anáhuac mediante la imposición
arbitraria de límites. Y en esta parte del país con el <b>Tratado
Mariscal-Spencer</b>, de 1898, también intentaron neutralizar la resistencia y
separar de paso al pueblo maya con fronteras a modo. Sin embargo, seguimos
siendo mayas, las fronteras no nos dividen y estamos en todos los lados y
rincones de la Península de Yucatán y buena parte de la llamada Centroamérica.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2BzVlR461uAiT7ELuRJGuRKF-lDmeZ-M1BL1EZjoYqmUdOrcPNjbLFVuNygpG-nMiju3KucmrZcJoHxv0jlOYPKAvMmWc9e5zi9CZrMNTLUthovQSoFlhXgPwHObP2kYbVuuOO65gEMo/s2048/IMG_2450.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1656" data-original-width="2048" height="324" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2BzVlR461uAiT7ELuRJGuRKF-lDmeZ-M1BL1EZjoYqmUdOrcPNjbLFVuNygpG-nMiju3KucmrZcJoHxv0jlOYPKAvMmWc9e5zi9CZrMNTLUthovQSoFlhXgPwHObP2kYbVuuOO65gEMo/w400-h324/IMG_2450.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div><div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">Es tiempo de que proclamemos juntos el compromiso de luchar
por una solución definitiva, con <b>el espíritu de libre determinación</b> y por la
autonomía como Pueblos Indígenas para hacer justicia y buscar el resarcimiento
por los daños que siguen causando la invasión y colonialismo con objetivo de
impedir otros 500 años de destrucción de nuestra Madre Tierra.</span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>No basta pedir
perdón</b>, existen todavía secuelas de la invasión y colonización, debe haber
reparación, resarcir los recursos naturales, materiales y humanos de los que
fue despojado el pueblo maya peninsular pues gracias a ese despojo y al
etnocidio padecidos varias élites regionales, nacionales y extranjeras viven en
una opulencia criminal. </span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">Megaproyectos como el del tren en territorio maya, y
otros similares impuestos en diversas regiones del país, van en el mismo
sentido de invadir, despojar y destruir recursos naturales de nuestros
territorios indígenas.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">Carlos Chablé Mendoza es </span></span>Cronista de Noj Kaaj Santa Cruz Xbáalam Naj, actual Felipe
Carrillo Puerto, Quintana Roo, México.</span></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZz5F8yS48XYl1hfln-HDfXYvRKJiC0NVveHyGWfJUqesrlpBPf9qrKxu9JcFbgCmWauvnCMPvsY6BRNk47yEYPwQ23UPxxByofI-4A5aqDlf7KluhP17wq9erAYwpB0WQLGWaYOAK28A/s2048/IMG_0605.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1335" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZz5F8yS48XYl1hfln-HDfXYvRKJiC0NVveHyGWfJUqesrlpBPf9qrKxu9JcFbgCmWauvnCMPvsY6BRNk47yEYPwQ23UPxxByofI-4A5aqDlf7KluhP17wq9erAYwpB0WQLGWaYOAK28A/w418-h640/IMG_0605.jpg" width="418" /></a></div></div><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #660000;">******************</span></span><br /></div><div>
</div><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name" style="text-align: center;">
<a href="https://redabyayala.blogspot.com/2021/07/ininematiya-anahuac-elsentimiento-de.html" target="_blank">IN ĪNEMATIYĀ ĀNĀHUAC - El Sentimiento de Anáhuac 13 Agosto, 2021
</a></h3><a href="https://redabyayala.blogspot.com/2021/07/ininematiya-anahuac-elsentimiento-de.html" target="_blank">
</a><div class="post-header"><a href="https://redabyayala.blogspot.com/2021/07/ininematiya-anahuac-elsentimiento-de.html" target="_blank"><br /></a></div><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://redabyayala.blogspot.com/2021/07/ininematiya-anahuac-elsentimiento-de.html" target="_blank"><b><span face=""Papyrus",sans-serif" lang="ES" style="font-size: 18pt; letter-spacing: 2.5pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman \(Body CS\)";">IN
ĪNEMATIYĀ ĀNĀHUAC</span></b></a></p><a href="https://redabyayala.blogspot.com/2021/07/ininematiya-anahuac-elsentimiento-de.html" target="_blank">
</a><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://redabyayala.blogspot.com/2021/07/ininematiya-anahuac-elsentimiento-de.html" target="_blank"><b><span face=""Papyrus",sans-serif" lang="ES" style="font-size: 18pt; letter-spacing: 2.5pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman \(Body CS\)";">El
Sentimiento de Anáhuac</span></b></a></p><a href="https://redabyayala.blogspot.com/2021/07/ininematiya-anahuac-elsentimiento-de.html" target="_blank">
</a><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://redabyayala.blogspot.com/2021/07/ininematiya-anahuac-elsentimiento-de.html" target="_blank"><b><span face=""Papyrus",sans-serif" lang="ES" style="font-size: 18pt; letter-spacing: 2.5pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman \(Body CS\)";">13 de
Agosto de 2021</span></b></a></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span face=""Papyrus",sans-serif" lang="ES" style="font-size: 18pt; letter-spacing: 2.5pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman \(Body CS\)";"> </span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif" lang="ES" style="font-size: large; mso-ansi-language: ES;">El 13 de agosto de 2021, hacemos un
llamado a todas las Naciones Originarias sobrevivientes de los Pueblos
Indígenas de Anáhuac a reafirmar colectivamente entre sí y al mundo en general
de Cemanahuac los siguientes principios de legado y compromiso:</span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif" lang="ES" style="font-size: large; mso-ansi-language: ES;"> </span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif" lang="ES" style="font-size: large; mso-ansi-language: ES;">• <b>Como Pueblos Indígenas del
Anáhuac, no somos pueblos conquistados.</b> Rechazamos, refutamos y desafiamos
la Narrativa del Patrón de que las afirmaciones de que la invasión colonizadora
de los conquistadores españoles a nuestros territorios es algo más que
simplemente eso: una invasión ilegal que continúa hasta el día de hoy con
armaduras corporativas multinacionales y acuerdos comerciales. Contra esta
invasión de 500 años, continuamos resistiendo, rebelándonos y reafirmando
nuestro derecho a la <b>Libre Determinación</b> como <b>Pueblos Indígenas</b>, <b><i>iguales
a todos los demás pueblos</i></b><i>.</i></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif" lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;"> </span></i></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif" lang="ES" style="font-size: large; mso-ansi-language: ES;">• <b>Repudiamos, denunciamos,
desafiamos</b> la imposición violenta de la nefasta “<b>Doctrina del
Descubrimiento de la Cristiandad</b> (1492)” a través de las Bulas Papales
Inter Caetera (1493) como base legaloide que el Estado mexicano reclama para
usurpar y violar nuestros territorios sin justificación moral o legal, plasmada
en el concepto de <b>Propiedad Originaria de la Nación</b> que se instituyó a
nivel nacional con la Constitución de México de 1917;</span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif" lang="ES" style="font-size: large; mso-ansi-language: ES;"> </span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif" lang="ES" style="font-size: large; mso-ansi-language: ES;">• Seguimos manteniéndonos en
solidaridad histórica recordando y reafirmando colectivamente que los límites
de nuestros territorios ancestrales como <b>Pueblos Indígenas y Confederaciones
de Naciones Indígenas de Anáhuac</b> no están prescritos bajo ningún concepto
colonizador o legaloide como la Doctrina del Descubrimiento de la Cristiandad,
ni las fronteras internacionales impuestas con el <b>Tratado de Guadalupe
Hidalgo</b> (1848);</span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif" lang="ES" style="font-size: large; mso-ansi-language: ES;"> </span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif" lang="ES" style="font-size: large; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></span><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif" lang="ES" style="font-size: large; mso-ansi-language: ES;">• Proclamamos la fecha del 13 de
agosto de 2021 como la fecha de una resolución definitiva y en espíritu de
Autodeterminación como <b>Naciones Originarias de los Pueblos Indígenas de
Anáhuac</b>, tomaremos las acciones necesarias para hacer realidad la justicia
para nuestros Pueblos Indígenas, con el propósito de no permitir que pasen
otros 500 años más de destrucción de nuestra Sagrada Madre Tierra.</span></span><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif" lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;"><br /> </span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://unpfip.blogspot.com/2014/12/arquitecturas-de-los-estados-y-la.html" target="_blank"><b><span face=""Papyrus",sans-serif" lang="ES" style="font-size: 16pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;">Pueblos Originarios <br />
</span></b><b><span face=""Papyrus",sans-serif" lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;">en defensa de la<br />
</span></b><b><span face=""Papyrus",sans-serif" lang="ES" style="font-size: 18pt; mso-ansi-language: ES;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Integridad
Territorial de la Madre Tierra<br /><br /></span></b></a></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #990000;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAJ_tCH16IQQqg8XY0PNVje1EG5ToXZ7JEn3xrwSeFuinG6rQItuIrHGwnYzgXlfIeFdYNX7U4O4eI_UNUXxpjAA_7Lz4FVjSjwUJQhMRefVC26RKYBuYI0O6m-cTd_sA4JkQTK4A5ETY/s2048/1TIME.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1554" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAJ_tCH16IQQqg8XY0PNVje1EG5ToXZ7JEn3xrwSeFuinG6rQItuIrHGwnYzgXlfIeFdYNX7U4O4eI_UNUXxpjAA_7Lz4FVjSjwUJQhMRefVC26RKYBuYI0O6m-cTd_sA4JkQTK4A5ETY/w304-h400/1TIME.jpg" width="304" /></a></b></span></div><p style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #990000;"> </span></b>
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href=" http://cdb-tonatierra.blogspot.com/2013/02/nohuanyolqueh-following-is.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>Archives of Aztlan: Tlahtokan Izkalotl</b></span></a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><br /><i><span style="font-size: large;">Nohuanyolqueh,</span></i></p><i><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></i><p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></i></p><i><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></i><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i><span style="font-size: large;">The following is a transcription of the intervention
submitted to the United States Government representative to the United Nations
Commission on Human Rights in Geneva, Switzerland in 1987. It is being offered
here as an initiative of the Archives of Aztlan.</span></i></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><i><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></i></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></i></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><i><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></i></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i><span style="font-size: large;">In Geneva in 1987, we met with traditional leaders from the
Indigenous Peoples of South Africa, chieftains of the Zulu who were living in
exile in Switzerland due to their trade union activism. We discussed the points
that we were bringing forward and compared our histories and knowledge. Upon
reading our position paper which called for the reopening of the question of
integration of the territories within the bounds of the US control in light of
the current international instruments and protocols for decolonization, these
leaders immediately drafted a parallel document that exposed as identical the
legal tactics of the British-Boer regimes to those of the British-American
techniques of colonization.<br /><br /></span></i></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #660000;"><b>********************************<br /></b></span></span><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><b><i><span style="font-size: large;"><span><span style="font-size: large;">From the Archives of Aztlan:</span></span></span></i></b><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #660000;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black;">
</span></span></span></span><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #660000;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black;">
Tlahtokan Izkalotl</span></span></span></span><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #660000;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black;">
Chicano Spiritual Council</span></span></span></span><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #660000;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black;">
Aztlan Traditional Nation</span></span></span></span><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #660000;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black;">
</span></span></span></span><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #660000;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black;">
November 2, 1989</span></span></span></span><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #660000;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black;">
</span></span></span></span><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #660000;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black;">
The Honorable George Bush</span></span></span></span><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #660000;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black;">
President of the United States</span></span></span></span><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #660000;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black;">
The White House</span></span></span></span><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #660000;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black;">
Washington, DC</span></span></span></span><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #660000;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black;">
</span></span></span></span><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #660000;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black;">
On August 3rd, 1982 we wrote a letter to the Department of Justice requesting a
clarification of our legal status as native "inhabitants" of the
territories relinquished to the United States under the Treaty of Guadalupe
Hidalgo-1848 and the Gadsden Treaty of 1853. The response from the representative
for the Civil Rights Division by Mr. James M. Schermerhorn was to the effect
that the US Attorney General was only authorized to render legal opinions to
you as President, and the heads of the executive departments of the federal
government. The pertinent declarations and inquiries of our initial
correspondence are as follows:</span></span></span></span><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: black;"> </span></b></span></div><div><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: black;">Indigenous Nations Land Title<br /><br /></span></b></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: black;">
</span></b></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;">It is a common assumption that by
Treaties of Guadalupe Hidalgo 1848 and the Gadsden Purchase of 1853 that the US
acquired clear title to the territories therein described. Yet, the Native
Nations populating these territories - legal holders of aboriginal title and
sovereignty, <b>never relinquished these powers</b> to the government of the Mexican
Republic of 1848. The case of <b>Pit River Nation</b>, and the <b>California Tribes</b> with their
unratified <b>treaties</b> are a testament to this fact as is the <b>Hopi Nation</b>. Thus,
the land right acquired by these treaties is <b>not one of clear title</b>, but only a<b>
franchise</b> to pursue extinguishment of the Ind<span style="font-size: large;">igenous</span> or Aboriginal Title.</span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;">
<b>Citizenship</b></span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b> </span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;">The falsehood that all Mexicanos in the relinquished territories became
full <b>US citizens</b> as a result of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo has as it basis
the 8th Article which states:</span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;">
". . . but they shall be under the obligation to make their election
within one year from the date of the exchange of ratifications of this treaty;
and those who shall remain in the said territories after the expiration of that
year, without having declared their intention to retain the character of
Mexicans, shall be considered to have elected to become citizens of the United
States."</span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;">
In fact, for those Mexicano inhabitants of the territories who were <b>nonwhite </b>(non-European) no such opportunity
was legally available. This is
evidenced by US naturalization law then in effect which required the racial
identity of "<b>WHITE</b>" to be
eligible for naturalization. Secondly, the California Constitution of 1849
limited the political rights of citizenship to "<b>white male citizens of
Mexico</b>." Thirdly, the territorial acts of New Mexico and Utah, 1850, also
restricted participation to "<b>free white males</b>." Fourthly, the 14th
Amendment opening US nationality to nonwhites was <b>20 years away</b> (1868) and
finally as stated in the 1868 Convention regarding citizenship of Emigrants
between US and Mexico, Article 1:</span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;">
<i>"The declaration of an intention to become a citizen of one of the
other country has not for either party the effect of naturalization."</i></span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i>
</i></span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i>
</i>In view of these facts, did the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo identify the
"<b>white</b>" and "<b>nonwhite</b>" Mexican inhabitants of
the territories as separate and distinct populations within its provisions?
Specifically, please clarify the identity of "established" vs.
"not established" Mexicans as stated in Article 8.</span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;">
Finally, if no distinction was made in the treaty, what is the explanation of
the US Government for the division of Mexicanos into "<b>white</b>" and "<b>nonwhite</b>"
classes in Federal, State and Territorial Governments since it was through
these mechanisms that US Citizenship was to be acquired?</span></span><br /></div>
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<br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgFvv2RK7_o4MXiXMXhce3tfgMUMshE3Adon-shcybG7WjsTAatViZIlnLE7QMTPPUBjMGWngjFMXv1K9HenvI61Pv0WAVmei0IiegKeHPUkZZSJAu62laAWKhxMTvI9bwFLZAVjrr1Ysh5uCsG0gCff1G7zkyvnVsG9oWUFvQmslycsgsumEdpo4shGQ=s414" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="310" data-original-width="414" height="340" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgFvv2RK7_o4MXiXMXhce3tfgMUMshE3Adon-shcybG7WjsTAatViZIlnLE7QMTPPUBjMGWngjFMXv1K9HenvI61Pv0WAVmei0IiegKeHPUkZZSJAu62laAWKhxMTvI9bwFLZAVjrr1Ysh5uCsG0gCff1G7zkyvnVsG9oWUFvQmslycsgsumEdpo4shGQ=w453-h340" width="453" /></a></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b>Antigua Residencia de los Aztecas</b><br /></div><br /><div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;">Clearly, these are questions of law that must be evaluated before a foundation
of justice based on truth can exist for the <b>Xicano Mexicano Peoples </b>and indeed
for all the <b>sovereign<span style="font-size: large;"> nati<span style="font-size: large;">ons</span></span></b> of the <b>Indigenous Peoples </b>of the treaty territories.
What is essentially called into question is the process of<b> integration</b>
of the territories into the political domain of the United States, which in
addition to the defect in<b> popular participation</b> outlined above, must be
reevaluated in terms of current international legal standards. We remind you of
the United Nations Resolution 1541 (XV), Principle V:</span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;">
<i>"Once it has been established that such a prima facia case of
geographical and ethnical or cultural distinctions of a territory exists, other
elements may then be brought into consideration. These additional elements may
be, inter alia, of an administrative, political, juridical, economic or
historical nature. If they affect the relationship between the metropolitan
State and territory concerned in a manner which arbitrarily places the latter
in a position or status of subordination, they support the presumption that
there is an obligation to transmit information under Article 73 e of the
Charter."</i></span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i>
</i></span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i>
</i>Mr. President, in consideration of the above, we are requesting that you
intercede with the power of your office and direct the current Attorney General
to render a legal opinion regarding the question we have posed.</span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;">
We attentively await your reply.</span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;">
Sincerely,</span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;">
Tupac Enrique Acosta</span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;">
TLAHTOKAN IZKALOTL<br /></span></span><br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQ0JMdYEwk7qTWpIkkJF7RuS7qEShDXksDNuQ4QxpAhZVrerPCkiulIG94VqWHTQL9gMh40Br50aFOvswL-iKqIXaUWcme-BR4vAqoG9FdNFo5e5wXC6Aw1pLvOSkzFwn166EJR4MJ7FA/s1600/Miaz.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="256" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQ0JMdYEwk7qTWpIkkJF7RuS7qEShDXksDNuQ4QxpAhZVrerPCkiulIG94VqWHTQL9gMh40Br50aFOvswL-iKqIXaUWcme-BR4vAqoG9FdNFo5e5wXC6Aw1pLvOSkzFwn166EJR4MJ7FA/s320/Miaz.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;">
YouTube: </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KhP-1MNTKfA" target="_blank"><span style="color: #990000;">The Legend of Truth and the Doctrines of Power</span></a></span><br />
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;"> <span style="color: #990000;">
<br />*******</span><b><br /></b></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;"></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Archivos de Aztlan:</b></span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b>Tlahtokan Izkalotl</span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;">
Chicano Spiritual Council</span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;">
Aztlan Traditional Nation</span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;">
2 de Noviembre de 1989</span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;">
Honorable George H. Bush</span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;">
Presidente de Los Estados Unidos</span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;">
La Casa Blanca</span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;">
Washington, D.C.</span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;">
El 3 de Agosto de 1982, hemos escrito una carta al Departamento de Justicia
solicitando una aclaración sobre nuestra condición de nativos “habitantes” de
los territorios cedidos a los Estados Unidos, bajo el Tratado de Guadalupe
Hidalgo 1848 y el Tratado Gadsden de 1853. La respuesta del representante de la
División de Derechos Civiles, Señor James M. Schermerhorn, fue en efecto para
decir que el Procurador General de los Estados Unidos sólo está autorizado a
rendir opiniones legales a usted como Presidente y a los que encabezan los
departamentos ejecutivos del gobierno federal. Las investigaciones y
declaraciones pertinentes en nuestra correspondencia inicial dicen:</span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;">
<b>TITULO PRIMODIAL - AZTLAN</b></span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b><br />Se supone generalmente, que por los Tratados de Guadalupe Hidalgo y por la
Gadsden Purchase (compra Gadsden), Estados Unidos adquirió títulos legítimas de
títulos legítimos sobre los territorios en ellos descritos. Sin embargo,
las Naciones Indígenas que pueblan estos territorios poseedoras legítimas de
títulos primordiales y soberanía, nunca entregaron estos poderes al gobierno de
la República de México de 1848. El caso de Pit River y de las Tribus de
California con sus tratados no ratificados son la prueba de ello, como les la
Nación Hopi. Así, el derecho a las tierra adquirida por estos tratados no
es un titulo legítimo, sino únicamente una franquicia para persistir sobre el
título Indígena, el de la Soberania Autóctona.</span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;">
<b>CUIDADANIA</b></span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b><br />No es cierto que todos los Mexicanos de los territorios cedidos hayan
adquirido la completa ciudadanía de Estados Unidos como resultado del Tratado
Guadalupe Hidalgo, presuntamente tal como estipula el artículo 8:</span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;">
“…Mas la elección entre una y otra ciudadanía deberán hacerla dentro de un año
contado desde la fecha del cange de las ratificaciones de este Tratado. Y los
que permanecieren en los indicados territorios después de transcurrido el año,
sin haber declarado su intención de retener el carácter de mexicanos, se
considerará que han elegido ser ciudadanos de los Estados Unidos.”</span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;">
De hecho, para aquellos Mexicanos habitantes de los territorios que no eran
blancos (no europeos), tal oportunidad<b> no</b> les cobijada legalmente.
Esto es evidente en las leyes de naturalización de Estados Unidos y en su
cumplimiento, las cuales requieren la identidad racial de “<b>BLANCO</b>”, para
poder solicitar la naturalización. En Segundo lugar, la constitución de
California de 1849 limitó los derechos de ciudadanía a “<b>varones blancos
ciudadanos de México</b>”. En tercer lugar, las actas territoriales de
Nuevo México y Utah, 1850, restringen también la participación a “<b>los
hombres blancos libres</b>”. En cuarto lugar, la 14ta enmienda
constitucional que da la nacionalidad de Estados Unidos que por primera vez a
los no-blancos, se hizo 20 años después (1868) y finalmente, como estipula el
Articulo 1 de la Convención de 1868, conciérnete a la Ciudadanía de Emigrantes
entre Estados Unidos y México:</span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;">
<i>“El hecho de declarar la intención de querer ser ciudadano de uno u otro
país no tiene, para ninguna de las partes, el efecto de naturalización”.</i></span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i>
</i></span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i>
</i>En vista de estos hechos, el Tratado de Guadalupe Hidalgo identifica los
habitantes Mexicanos “blancos” y “ no blancos” como poblaciones distintas y
separadas en sus estipulaciones?</span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;">
Requerimos aclarar particularmente la identidad de<b> Mexicano “establecido”
vs. “no establecido”</b> como se estipula en Articulo 8. Finalmente se el
tratado no hace distinción ninguna, cual es la explicación del gobierno de los
Estados Unidos para clasificar los Mexicanos en “blancos” y “no blancos” en
gobiernos Federales, Estatales, y Territoriales, puesto que a través de estos
mecanismos que la ciudadanía de Estados Unidos se adquiría?</span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;">
Evidentemente, estas son cuestiones de derecho que tienen que ser evaluadas
antes de establecer una justicia basada sobre la realidad histórica que tiene
el Pueblo Chicano Mexicano en el territorio y aún más parta todas las<b> Soberanías
Autóctonas</b> de los territorios que cubren los Tratados. Lo que llama
la atención especialmente es el proceso de integración de los territorios al
dominio político de los Estados Unidos, el cual se suma a las deficiencias
antes señaladas y que tiene que ser reevaluadas en términos que prevalecen
dentro de las normas internacionales legales vigentes. Le recordamos la
resolución de la Asamblea General de Naciones Unidas 1541(XV) Principio V:</span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;">
<i>“Una vez establecido que se trata a la primera vista de un territorio
distinto desde el punto de vista geográfico y étnico o cultural, se pueden
tener en cuenta otros elementos. Estos podrán ser, entre otros, de
carácter administrativo, político, jurídico, económico, o histórico. Si
influyen en las relaciones entre el Estado metropolitano y el territorio de
modo que éste se encuentra colocado arbitrariamente en una situación o en
estado de subordinación, estos elementos confirman la presunción de que existe
la obligación de transmitir la información que se pide en el inciso (e) del
Articulo 73 de la Carta.”</i></span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i>
</i></span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i>
</i>Señor Presidente, tomando en consideración lo que precede, nosotros le
pedimos que Usted interfiera con el poder que le confiere su cargo y ordene al
Procurador General encargado de dar un juicio legal sobre las cuestiones que
hemos planteado.</span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;">
Esperando su respuesta, quedamos de Usted muy atentamente.</span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;">
Sinceramente,</span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;">
Tupac Enrique Acosta</span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;">
Tlahtokan Izkalotl</span></span><br /><span style="color: black;"></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: black;">
<br /><br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhloX595kSZ7w98eNixlmVstVBDwCGYYQApuQwgpCG3U--jqDKnRIiXWQm90FoUcLg-qk6ffxZm0Jk3adlMMdrbDiAQgT_AZ-NSvS7iGtkQtfs9To1DeYjLlMvj7PqAnOjTqy5bD5qnvweu8yBq8GHo8qVGGMqWNB3-BoJTFepbZ80Cs1jkfyYhMaHJGw=s1024" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="807" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhloX595kSZ7w98eNixlmVstVBDwCGYYQApuQwgpCG3U--jqDKnRIiXWQm90FoUcLg-qk6ffxZm0Jk3adlMMdrbDiAQgT_AZ-NSvS7iGtkQtfs9To1DeYjLlMvj7PqAnOjTqy5bD5qnvweu8yBq8GHo8qVGGMqWNB3-BoJTFepbZ80Cs1jkfyYhMaHJGw=w315-h400" width="315" /></a></div><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #990000;"><span><span style="font-size: x-large;">Facebook:<br /></span></span><a href=" https://www.facebook.com/Treaty-of-Guadalupe-Hidalgo-Sub-Commission-103153165624243/" target="_blank"><span><span style="font-size: x-large;">Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Sub-Commission<br /></span></span></a></span><span style="color: #990000;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>*************</b></span></span><br /></div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">YouTube: <br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fOe0-VoRR10" target="_blank"><i><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">stars</span></span></i></a><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p><style>@font-face
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{page:WordSection1;}</style></p></div><br /></div>chantlacahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15255116987351106636noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3242193371915035457.post-17578344215556728352021-10-12T10:12:00.003-07:002021-10-12T10:12:13.684-07:00<p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span>
</p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">United Nations Permanent Forum on
Indigenous Issues</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">18<sup>th</sup> Session New York, NY</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">April 24, 2019</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">Intervention before the United Nations
Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">By Tupac Enrique Acosta, TONATIERRA</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">Recommendation: Strengthening
the Mandate of the Special Rapporteur on the Rights of the Indigenous Peoples
of the United Nations</span></b></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">We call for the reinforcement of the mandate of the
Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples:</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">In consequence and implementation of the pertinent
recommendations formulated by the UN</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues in previous
sessions, we call for the integration of a</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">formal evaluation</span></b><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"> and a <b>methodology</b> of the processes of repudiation and dismantling of the</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">racist relic of the by the government states of the
Americas by the Special<b> Doctrine of
Discovery</b> Rapporteur on each and every one of her official visits to
countries whose claims of jurisdiction as successor states to the Doctrine on
our continent of <b>Abya Yala</b>
[Americas] are normalized by the Doctrine of the Discovery of Christendom, the <b>Papal Bulls of Pope Alexander VI<i> Inter Caetera</i> </b>(1493) and the
concept of “<b>Original Property of the
State</b>” in the Americas.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">This is also a context for the urgent call to the
international community and all human rights</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">defenders to denounce the <b>legaloid systems of oppression</b> normalized by the so-called national</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">"immigration" legislation policies and
practices of the successor states to the Doctrine of the</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">Discovery in the Americas, and their respective <b>international borders</b>. </span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">We denounce once again and demand international
responsibility and proper prosecution, and not simply "redress" or "reconciliation,"
even as we did in 1987 before the United Nations Commission on Human Rights,
for the systemic collusion between the states of North America [NAFTA
1994-USMCA 2018] in violation of the right of self-determination of our
Original Nations of Indigenous Peoples, equal to all other peoples. In this
regard, we give special attention to the proposed construction of a
"wall" along the line of the border established by the United States
and Mexico by the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848), in violation of right of <b>Free, Prior and Informed Consent</b> as <b>Original Nations</b> of the Indigenous
Peoples of Anahuac.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">In the same regard, in defense of the right of Free,
Prior, and Informed Consent as Indigenous</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">Peoples we denounce the violation of our Collective
Rights as Original Nations of Indigenous</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">Peoples of Mother Earth in the processes of consultation
and subsequent proclamation in December 2018 in Morocco of the UN GLOBAL
COMPACT FOR SAFE, ORDERLY AND REGULAR MIGRATION.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">Continental Commission Abya Yala</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">NAHUACALLI Embassy of Indigenous
Peoples</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES-US" style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: ES-US; mso-themecolor: text1;">TONATIERRA</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.tonatierra.org"><span lang="ES-US" style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: ES-US; mso-themecolor: text1;">www.tonatierra.org</span></a><span lang="ES-US" style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: ES-US; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES-US" style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: ES-US; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="ES" style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-themecolor: text1;">Foro Permanente de Cuestiones Indígenas de las Naciones Unidas</span></b></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES" style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-themecolor: text1;">18 periodo de
sesiones New York, NY</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES" style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-themecolor: text1;">24 de abril 2019</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES" style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-themecolor: text1;">Intervención ante
la Relatora Especial Sobre los Derechos de los Pueblos Indígenas de las
Naciones Unidas</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES" style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-themecolor: text1;">Tupac Enrique
Acosta, TONATIERRA</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES" style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="ES" style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-themecolor: text1;">Recomendación: Fortalecimiento del Mandato de la Relatora Especial Sobre
los Derechos de los Pueblos Indígenas de las Naciones Unidas</span></b></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES" style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES" style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-themecolor: text1;">Exigimos que se refuerce el mandato
de la Relatora Especial sobre los derechos de los pueblos</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES" style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-themecolor: text1;">indígenas:</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES" style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES" style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-themecolor: text1;">En consecuencia y en cumplimiento de
las recomendaciones pertinentes formuladas por el Foro</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES" style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-themecolor: text1;">Permanente de Cuestiones Indígenas
en sesiones anteriores, pedimos la integración de una</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES" style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-themecolor: text1;">evaluación formal y una metodología
de los procesos de repudio y desmantelamiento de la</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES" style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-themecolor: text1;">reliquia racista de la <b>Doctrina del Descubrimiento</b> por los
estados gubernamentales de nuestro </span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES" style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-themecolor: text1;">continente <b>Abya Yala</b> [las Américas] por la Relatora Especial en todas y cada
una de sus visitas</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES" style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-themecolor: text1;">oficiales a los países cuyos
reclamos de jurisdicción como estados sucesores de la Doctrina</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES" style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-themecolor: text1;">todavía están normalizados por la
Doctrina del descubrimiento de la cristiandad, las <b>Bulas</b></span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="ES" style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-themecolor: text1;">Papales del Papa Alejandro VI <i>Inter
Caetera</i></span></b><span lang="ES" style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-themecolor: text1;"> (1493) y el concepto de "<b>Propiedad Originaria de la Nación</b>" por los estados americanos.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES" style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES" style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-themecolor: text1;">Este es un contexto también para el
llamado urgente a la comunidad internacional ya todos los</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES" style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-themecolor: text1;">defensores de los Derechos Humanos
para denunciar los sistemas legaloides de opresión</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES" style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-themecolor: text1;">normalizados por la llamada
legislaciones nacionales de "<b>inmigración</b>",
políticas y prácticas de</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES" style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-themecolor: text1;">los estados sucesores a la Doctrina
del Descubrimiento en las Américas, y sus respectivas</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES" style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-themecolor: text1;">fronteras internacionales.
Denunciamos una vez más y pedimos la responsabilidad internacional y el
procesamiento adecuado, y no simplemente la "reparación" o la
"reconciliación", incluso como lo hemos hecho en 1987 ante la
Comisión de Derechos Humanos de las Naciones Unidas, por la <b>colusión sistémica</b> entre los estados de
América del Norte [<b>NAFTA-USMCA</b>] en
violación del <b>derecho de libre determinación</b>
de nuestras Naciones Originarias de Pueblos Indígenas, <i>igual a todos los demás pueblos</i>. En este sentido, prestamos
especial atención a la construcción propuesta de un "muro" en la
línea de la frontera establecida por los Estados Unidos y México por el Tratado
de Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848), en violación del derecho del <b>Consentimiento Libre, Previo e Informado</b> como Naciones Originales
de los Pueblos Indígenas de Anáhuac.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES" style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES" style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-themecolor: text1;">En el mismo sentido, en defensa del
derecho de Consentimiento Libre, Previo e Informado de</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES" style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pueblos Indígenas, denunciamos la
violación de nuestros derechos colectivos como Naciones</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES" style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-themecolor: text1;">Originales de los Pueblos Indígenas
de la Madre Tierra en los procesos de consulta y la proclamación en diciembre
2018 por las Naciones Unidas en Marruecos del Pacto Mundial para establecer una
Migración Segura, Ordenada y Regular.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES" style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES" style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-themecolor: text1;">Comisión
Continental Abya Yala</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES" style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-themecolor: text1;">NAHUACALLI</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES" style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-themecolor: text1;">Embajada de
Pueblos Originales</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">TONATIERRA</span></span></span></p>
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{page:WordSection1;}</style></p>chantlacahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15255116987351106636noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3242193371915035457.post-5240293546664242342021-07-15T10:49:00.012-07:002021-07-15T11:15:39.751-07:00Obispo católico de Siracusa (NY) condena la Doctrina del Descubrimiento <p>
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://religionnews.com/2021/07/01/catholic-bishop-of-syracuse-decries-doctrine-of-discovery-suggests-pope-do-the-same/" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">Obispocatólico de Siracusa (NY) condena la Doctrina del Descubrimiento y sugiere que el Papa haga lo mismo</span></b></span></a></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif"></span></span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW7Q0-aVWvb_RL1en1QMKQ56OHnmlhfWuR68lci8TNFt6TTpr7gkzfB7WlafdEGolt0Fxval1J6pGEEfZ8b6AzMQHsTxCLHyAOM5eR5lOjq8ymv5UPXCv0BcggBnwmvIK48Kj8Vrefg1NQ/s1280/webRNS-Bishop-Douglas-Lucia.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="1280" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW7Q0-aVWvb_RL1en1QMKQ56OHnmlhfWuR68lci8TNFt6TTpr7gkzfB7WlafdEGolt0Fxval1J6pGEEfZ8b6AzMQHsTxCLHyAOM5eR5lOjq8ymv5UPXCv0BcggBnwmvIK48Kj8Vrefg1NQ/w473-h266/webRNS-Bishop-Douglas-Lucia.jpg" width="473" /></a></span></span></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">Obispo
Douglas J. Lucia de Syracuse</span></span></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">El obispo
Douglas J. Lucia dijo que espera reunirse con el Vaticano para discutir una
serie de proclamas papales del siglo XV utilizadas por los cristianos europeos
para racionalizar la subyugación de los pueblos indígenas.<br /></span></i></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeoFo038q1dfBoSYEoGoogLm4GaJ_3yFrqJN6TZWUTE218LhyphenhyphenQyeX_zq927DrvhyphenhyphenrEXaFZUdoTqDUFzn_cedsGn8YfTVImXbl8pkeYj200I-liiu7Zzovz1KzJZXf6BU7t29OE4nKFzxSb/s398/E2D26A08-4189-437E-918B-2501A44C8A5B_4_5005_c.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="67" data-original-width="398" height="34" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeoFo038q1dfBoSYEoGoogLm4GaJ_3yFrqJN6TZWUTE218LhyphenhyphenQyeX_zq927DrvhyphenhyphenrEXaFZUdoTqDUFzn_cedsGn8YfTVImXbl8pkeYj200I-liiu7Zzovz1KzJZXf6BU7t29OE4nKFzxSb/w200-h34/E2D26A08-4189-437E-918B-2501A44C8A5B_4_5005_c.jpeg" width="200" /></a></i></span></div><p></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><div class="post-meta-info">
<div class="post-meta-left-side">
<div class="single-category-headline">July 1, 2021</div>
<div class="the-author">By<span class="author_index_1"> <a class="author url fn" href="https://religionnews.com/author/jackjenkins/" rel="author">Jack Jenkins</a> </span>
</div>
</div><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif"></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">(RNS) - El
obispo católico de Syracuse, Nueva York, se pronuncia en contra de la Doctrina
del Descubrimiento y revela planes para pedirle al Papa Francisco que repudie
las enseñanzas teológicas utilizadas durante siglos para justificar la
subyugación de los pueblos indígenas.</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">En una
entrevista con Religion News Service el miércoles (30 de junio), el obispo
Douglas J. Lucia explicó que está explorando una posible reunión con la Santa
Sede para discutir una serie de bulas o decretos papales del siglo XV,
utilizados por los cristianos europeos para racionalizar colonizar pueblos
indígenas y sus tierras.</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">“Como en un
principio eran bulas papales”, dijo Lucía, debería haber “un reconocimiento
público del Santo Padre del daño que estas bulas le han hecho a la población
indígena”, así como algún tipo de declaración “para repudiar” la Doctrina del
descubrimiento.</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">La Doctrina
del Descubrimiento se basa en una serie de documentos papales que se remontan
al Papa Nicolás V, cuyo “Dum Diversas” de 1452 inició un linaje de bulas que
los europeos usaban para justificar varios aspectos de la colonización. También
se abrió camino en documentos futuros: los conquistadores españoles leyeron el
“Requerimiento” a los pueblos indígenas, que proclamaron que su tierra pertenecía
a España y exigieron que se rige por la autoridad de la monarquía y el Papa.</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">Más
concretamente, sostienen activistas y académicos, las bulas permitieron a los
europeos insistir en que los gobernantes cristianos pueden, entre otras cosas,
apoderarse de la tierra y las posesiones de los no cristianos.</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">“Esta
doctrina en particular se ha utilizado para justificar la violencia tanto
política como personal contra las naciones indígenas, los pueblos indígenas y
su cultura, sus identidades religiosas y territoriales”, dijo Lucía.</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">La doctrina
incluso apareció en 2005 en el fallo de la Corte Suprema Sherrill v. Oneida, en
el que los jueces declararon que la recompra de tierras tribales tradicionales
no "revive unilateralmente la antigua soberanía (de la tribu)" sobre
ellas.</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">Lucía dijo
que conoció esta historia, que ha atraído una mayor atención en los últimos
años después de los esfuerzos de los activistas indígenas, poco después de ser
elevado a obispo de Siracusa en junio de 2019. Fue entonces cuando el reverendo
David McCallum, un sacerdote jesuita que trabajó en la región en ese momento,
sugirió que Lucía se reuniera con líderes de la cercana Nación Onondaga sobre
el tema. McCallum también sugirió una visita al Vaticano.</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">"He
estado tratando de llamar la atención sobre esta cuestión de cómo la iglesia,
si realmente quiere buscar justicia restaurativa, no puede simplemente pedir
disculpas", dijo McCallum, quien ahora se desempeña como director
ejecutivo del Programa de Liderazgo Discerniente en Roma. . "Tiene que
tener en cuenta este contexto histórico".</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">Sus planes se
estancaron por la pandemia, pero Lucía se encontró nuevamente con el tema de la
Doctrina del Descubrimiento a mediados de junio durante una reunión de
planificación para establecer un parque patrimonial en Siracusa para reemplazar
una estatua de Cristóbal Colón programada para su remoción.</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">La bula papal
Inter Caetera del papa Alejandro VI de 1493. Esta bula papal dio a los
exploradores españoles la libertad de colonizar las Américas y convertir a los
pueblos nativos al catolicismo. Imagen cortesía de la Biblioteca del Congreso.</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">La bula papal
del Papa Alejandro VI "Inter Caetera" de 1493. Esta bula papal dio a
los exploradores españoles la libertad de colonizar las Américas y convertir a
los pueblos nativos al catolicismo. Imagen cortesía de la Biblioteca del
Congreso</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">Lucía dijo
que llevó estas experiencias con él más tarde ese día cuando se reunió
virtualmente con sus colegas durante la reunión de primavera de la Conferencia
de Obispos Católicos de los Estados Unidos. Cuando los clérigos comenzaron a
discutir una nueva declaración sobre el ministerio a los nativos de Alaska y
los nativos americanos, Lucía organizó lo que llamó una “intervención”:
preguntó sobre las escuelas residenciales para niños indígenas y la Doctrina
del Descubrimiento.</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">"Lo
mencioné porque no quería que se perdiera en la producción en la creación de
esta (declaración)", dijo. “Hablaban de las escuelas residenciales, por
supuesto, somos muy conscientes de eso ahora mismo. Pero la Doctrina del
Descubrimiento tiene mucho que ver incluso con lo que sucedió en las escuelas
residenciales ".</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">El legado de
las escuelas residenciales, muchas de las cuales fueron administradas por
iglesias, ha sido noticia en las últimas semanas luego de los descubrimientos
de cientos de tumbas sin nombre en tres antiguas escuelas en Canadá.</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">Las
revelaciones llevaron al primer ministro canadiense Justin Trudeau a pedirle al
papa Francisco que se disculpara personalmente, en suelo canadiense, por el
papel de la iglesia y estimularon al Departamento del Interior de los EE. UU. A
iniciar una investigación en escuelas similares una vez establecidas en los EE.
UU. 139 escuelas residenciales en Canadá fueron administradas por la Iglesia
Católica, según un informe de la Comisión de la Verdad y Reconciliación de 2015
de ese país.</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif"><br />Está previsto
que una delegación indígena de Canadá se reúna con el Papa Francisco en
diciembre "para fomentar encuentros significativos de diálogo y
sanación".</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">La USCCB, por
su parte, emitió un comunicado diciendo que los líderes están observando la
investigación "de cerca" y se comprometieron a "buscar formas de
ayudar".</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">McCallum
explicó que, técnicamente, las diversas bulas papales que constituyen la
Doctrina del Descubrimiento fueron en gran parte anuladas o anuladas por la
Iglesia Católica hace siglos. Pero dijo que ese hecho hace poco para abordar la
“enormidad del trauma y el impacto generacional” que las enseñanzas tuvieron en
los pueblos indígenas.</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">“Cuando la
iglesia dice hoy, 'Bueno, esas bulas papales fueron derogadas legalmente.
Fueron oficialmente anulados, "no puede anular el impacto creado por esos
toros", dijo. "La legitimidad que le dio a los monarcas occidentales
para usar el poder militar coercitivo y, de hecho, sacar a los pueblos
indígenas de la tierra para tomarla".</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">Cuando se le
preguntó cómo reaccionaron sus compañeros obispos a sus preguntas en la reunión
de la USCCB, Lucía respondió: "No he tenido ninguna reacción".</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">Los
activistas indígenas también han luchado por obtener respuestas de la jerarquía
católica con respecto a la Doctrina del Descubrimiento. La reunión del Vaticano
propuesta por Lucía sobre el tema ni siquiera sería la primera: Steven Newcomb,
cofundador de Shawnee / Lenape del Instituto de Derecho Indígena, fue parte de
una delegación que viajó a Roma en 2016 para presionar al Vaticano sobre la
Doctrina de Descubrimiento. Allí, Newcomb y una lista de representantes
indígenas convocaron una reunión de dos horas sobre el tema con Silvano Maria
Tomasi, arzobispo desde entonces elevado a cardenal y miembro del Pontificio
Consejo Justicia y Paz (desde entonces rebautizado como Dicasterio para la
Promoción del Desarollo Integral Humano).</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
<br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">Newcomb
también se reunió brevemente con el Papa Francisco y le entregó una copia de su
libro, "Paganos en la tierra prometida: decodificación de la doctrina del
descubrimiento cristiano".</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">Pero Newcomb
dijo a RNS que esos esfuerzos no han resultado en una reprimenda a gran escala
o un reconocimiento de responsabilidad por parte de los líderes católicos,
diciendo: “Ha habido respuestas, pero las respuestas en su mayoría han sido
eludir. ... No se hacen responsables de nada ".</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">En
consecuencia, celebró el aparente cambio sobre el tema entre la jerarquía
católica.</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">“Cualquier
esfuerzo por parte de Mons. Lucía de Siracusa para abordar este tema de la
dominación que fue desatada por el Vaticano durante muchos, muchos años… Le doy
la bienvenida”, dijo. "Creo que es fantástico".</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif"> </span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">Otros grupos
religiosos ya han reprendido la Doctrina del Descubrimiento, incluidas varias
denominaciones cristianas protestantes principales. La Iglesia Metodista Unida,
la Asociación Unitaria Universalista, la Iglesia Unida de Cristo, la Comunidad
de Cristo, la Iglesia Presbiteriana (EE. UU.), La Iglesia Evangélica Luterana
en América y varias reuniones de la Sociedad Religiosa de Amigos (Cuáqueros)
han aprobado resoluciones que condenan las enseñanzas. A ellos se les unió la
semana pasada la Iglesia del Pacto Evangélico, que aprobó una resolución
similar el viernes.</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">Además, la
Conferencia de Liderazgo de Mujeres Religiosas, una organización coordinadora
que representa a una serie de monjas católicas en los Estados Unidos, también
pidió al Papa que rescindiera la Doctrina del Descubrimiento en 2014.</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">Lucía no
llegó a condenar a los misioneros católicos que operaron durante el apogeo de
la Doctrina del Descubrimiento, diciendo: "Creo que los misioneros querían
compartir las buenas nuevas de Jesucristo con la gente".</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">Newcomb, sin
embargo, argumentó que "la misión del sistema de misiones era
dominar".</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">Queda por ver
cuándo se acercará Lucía al Vaticano y cómo responderá. Tampoco está claro cómo
sería la reconciliación con las comunidades indígenas, aunque muchos defensores
sostienen que las declaraciones no son suficientes.</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">“Las simples
disculpas no son suficientes”, dijo Newcomb. "Tiene que haber un ajuste de
cuentas real".</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">Pase lo que
pase, insistió Lucía, el tema merece más atención por parte de la Iglesia
Católica. Para llevar su punto a casa, conectó la Doctrina del Descubrimiento
con un tema que ha atraído mucha más atención: un documento de Comunión de la
USCCB que involucra la "consistencia eucarística", que es ampliamente
visto como parte de un acalorado debate sobre si negar la Comunión al
presidente. Joe Biden y otros políticos católicos que respaldan el derecho al
aborto.</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">“Creo que a
veces hay cosas que seguimos poniendo en un segundo plano”, dijo Lucía. “(Pero)
cuando la gente busca la coherencia eucarística en el sentido de vivir el
Evangelio, esta es una forma de responder: que no le estamos dando la espalda a
los momentos problemáticos de la iglesia. Pero desde allí buscamos la
reconciliación, buscamos la reparación. Incluso como iglesia, estamos llamados
a la conversión. Creo que este podría ser uno de esos momentos de conversión
".</span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">Claire
Giangravé contribuyó a este informe desde Roma. Emily McFarlan Miller
contribuyó desde Chicago.</span></i></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif" lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;"> </span></span></p>
<p><style>@font-face
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{page:WordSection1;}</style> <br /></p>chantlacahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15255116987351106636noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3242193371915035457.post-15246480191307736142021-07-15T09:49:00.007-07:002021-07-15T17:03:38.518-07:00DESMANTELAMIENTO de la Doctrina del Descubrimiento <div><p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4DJZqa9mvNLIOeVjOGBGZ6RoAkz1Mtqda_QGKKZezj5EJSyyaAUIJ7r3TxqJQmnAiaguYAyBrJsx4pOmJPmJqDG-PqKdMJpeN53A98rbeanunGQXojNE3Z6SoQdb3_dVar0Y2nxAgr4MW/s960/Star+Man.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="664" data-original-width="960" height="442" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4DJZqa9mvNLIOeVjOGBGZ6RoAkz1Mtqda_QGKKZezj5EJSyyaAUIJ7r3TxqJQmnAiaguYAyBrJsx4pOmJPmJqDG-PqKdMJpeN53A98rbeanunGQXojNE3Z6SoQdb3_dVar0Y2nxAgr4MW/w640-h442/Star+Man.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaCBDSrdgbeki4hlPCjgIdbLbEcJMWOHSTu_4ms2GGh6fSJzbfhTJ4o2MUea5akTgaFH7MOjZnHGUbM85x9MFWPRKYIYR1ORNiC-x588d_W5wYqAkrGkm9mXoOtGbDkNw_Wg_ed-3A5XeQ/s1600/Poster.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1236" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaCBDSrdgbeki4hlPCjgIdbLbEcJMWOHSTu_4ms2GGh6fSJzbfhTJ4o2MUea5akTgaFH7MOjZnHGUbM85x9MFWPRKYIYR1ORNiC-x588d_W5wYqAkrGkm9mXoOtGbDkNw_Wg_ed-3A5XeQ/w494-h640/Poster.jpeg" width="494" /></a></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><br />ENLACES<br /><br /><span style="color: #990000;">*****************</span><br /></b></span></span><br /><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
<span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://doctrineofdiscoveryforum.blogspot.com/2021/07/estudio-preliminar-sobre-la-doctrina.html" target="_blank">Estudio preliminar sobre a Doctrina del Descubrimiento
</a></span></h3><a href="https://doctrineofdiscoveryforum.blogspot.com/2021/07/estudio-preliminar-sobre-la-doctrina.html" target="_blank">
</a><div class="post-header">
</div><a href="https://doctrineofdiscoveryforum.blogspot.com/2021/07/estudio-preliminar-sobre-la-doctrina.html" target="_blank"></a><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><a href="https://doctrineofdiscoveryforum.blogspot.com/2021/07/estudio-preliminar-sobre-la-doctrina.html" target="_blank">
</a><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="https://doctrineofdiscoveryforum.blogspot.com/2021/07/estudio-preliminar-sobre-la-doctrina.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: georgia;">Estudio preliminar sobre las consecuencias para
los pueblos indígenas de <br />la teoría jurídica internacional conocida como la
<br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">Doctrina del Descubrimiento</span></b></span></a> </span>
</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
</p>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span>Presentado
por la Relatora Especial<span> </span></span></span></span>
<br /><span style="font-size: large;"><span>
<span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b>Naciones Unidas E/C.19/2010/13</b><br />
<b>Consejo Económico y Social <br />
Foro Permanente para las Cuestiones Indígenas </b><br />
Noveno período de sesiones<span> </span><br />
Nueva York, 19 a 30 de abril de 2010 </span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #660000;"><b><span><span><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span></span></span></span></b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="color: #660000;"><b><span style="font-family: verdana;">************ </span></b></span></span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="color: #660000;"><b><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></b></span></span></span></span></span><a href="https://redabyayala.blogspot.com/2017/07/desmantelamiento-de-la-doctrina-del.html" target="_blank">https://doctrineofdiscoveryforum.blogspot.com/2016/02/declaracion-comision-continental-abya.html<br /><br /><br /></a><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://redabyayala.blogspot.com/2017/07/desmantelamiento-de-la-doctrina-del.html" target="_blank">DESMANTELAMIENTO de la DOCTRINA del DESCUBRIMIENTO:</a></h3><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://redabyayala.blogspot.com/2017/07/desmantelamiento-de-la-doctrina-del.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: x-large;">COLOMBIA
</span></a></h3><span style="font-size: large;"><span><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="color: #660000;"></span></span></span></span></span></div><br />chantlacahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15255116987351106636noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3242193371915035457.post-64061734077280111302021-07-12T10:28:00.021-07:002022-07-24T05:17:08.898-07:00 Estudio preliminar sobre a Doctrina del Descubrimiento <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
<span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">Estudio preliminar sobre las consecuencias para
los pueblos indígenas de <br />la teoría jurídica internacional conocida como la
<br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">Doctrina del Descubrimiento</span></b></span> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span></span>
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{page:WordSe</style><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span>Presentado
por la Relatora Especial<span> </span></span></span></span>
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{page:WordSection1;}</style><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><span>
<span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b>Naciones Unidas E/C.19/2010/13</b><br />
<b>Consejo Económico y Social <br />
Foro Permanente para las Cuestiones Indígenas </b><br />
Noveno período de sesiones<span> </span><br />
Nueva York, 19 a 30 de abril de 2010 </span><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span>
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{page:WordSection1;}</style></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4DJZqa9mvNLIOeVjOGBGZ6RoAkz1Mtqda_QGKKZezj5EJSyyaAUIJ7r3TxqJQmnAiaguYAyBrJsx4pOmJPmJqDG-PqKdMJpeN53A98rbeanunGQXojNE3Z6SoQdb3_dVar0Y2nxAgr4MW/s960/Star+Man.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="664" data-original-width="960" height="442" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4DJZqa9mvNLIOeVjOGBGZ6RoAkz1Mtqda_QGKKZezj5EJSyyaAUIJ7r3TxqJQmnAiaguYAyBrJsx4pOmJPmJqDG-PqKdMJpeN53A98rbeanunGQXojNE3Z6SoQdb3_dVar0Y2nxAgr4MW/w640-h442/Star+Man.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span><p></p><p style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/E.C.19.2010.13%20ES.pdf"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span style="font-family: verdana;">DESCARGAR PDF</span></b></span></a></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><div class="card mb-4">
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<h2 class="card-title" style="text-align: center;"> Naciones Unidas: Estudio Preliminar sobre la Doctrina del Descubrimiento de Cristiandad</h2><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">Naciones Unidas E/C.19/2010/13<br />Consejo Económico y Social<br />4 de febrero de 2010<br />Foro Permanente para las Cuestiones Indígenas<br />Noveno período de sesiones<br />Nueva York, 19 a 30 de abril de 2010<br />Derechos humanos <br />Estudio
preliminar sobre las consecuencias para los pueblos indígenas de la
teoría jurídica internacional conocida como la doctrina del
descubrimiento<br />Presentado por la Relatora Especial</span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></div><div class="card-body"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Resumen</b><br /></span></span><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br />En su octavo período
de sesiones, celebrado en mayo de 2009, el Foro Permanente para las
Cuestiones Indígenas decidió nombrar Relatora Especial a Tonya Gonnella
Frichner, miembro del Foro, para que realizara un estudio preliminary de
las consecuencias para los pueblos indígenas de la teoría jurídica
internacional conocida como la doctrina del descubrimiento, que ha
servido de fundamento para la violación de sus derechos humanos, e
informara al Foro a ese respecto en su novena período de sesiones.<br /><br />En
este estudio preliminar se establece que la doctrina del descubrimiento
se ha institucionalizado en las leyes y las políticas de ámbito
nacional e internacional y que en ella radica la causa de las
violaciones de los derechos humanos, tanto individuales como colectivos,
de los pueblos indígenas. Esta situación ha dado lugar a que los
Estados planteen reivindicaciones con respect de las tierras, los
territories y los recursos de los pueblos indígenas y a que se apropien
en masa de esos bienes. La doctrina del descubrimiento y una estructura
holística a la que denominamos marco de dominación han tenido como
consecuencia siglos de una extracción de recursos virtualmente ilimitada
de los territorios tradicionales de los pueblos indígenas. Ello, a su
vez, ha llevado al despojo y empobrecimiento de los pueblos indígenas y
al cúmulo de problemas que cotidianamente enfrentan hoy en día.<br /><br />En
vista de que la Relatora Especial tiene un sólido conocimiento de la
legislación indígena federal de los Estados Unidos de América, que
constituye un ejemplo ideal de la aplicación de la doctrina del
descubrimiento a los pueblos indígenas, en el presente estudio
preliminar se examina en detalle la premisa en que se sustenta ese
régimen, y que quedó plasmada en la resolución de la Corte Suprema de
los Estados Unidos sobre la causa Johnsons Lessee v. McIntosh. Luego se
presentan pruebas para demostrar que el Gobierno de los Estados Unidos
sigue considerando válida la doctrina del descubrimiento.<br /><br />Por
último, la Relatora Especial recomienda que se convoque una reunión de
un grupo de expertos internacionales que analicen en detalle las
conclusiones y consecuencias del presente estudio preliminar sobre la
doctrina del descubrimiento y presenten sus conclusiones al Foro
Permanente en su período de sesiones anual. Será necesario proseguir el
estudio y examen de la cuestión para determinar el grado y la manera en
que la doctrina del descubrimiento y el marco de dominación se aplican a
los pueblos indígenas en todo el mundo.<br /><br /><br /><b>Índice</b><br /><br /></span></span></p><blockquote><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">I. Introducción<br />II. Labor futura sobre el alcance mundial de la doctrina del descubrimiento<br />III. Alcance mundial e historia de la doctrina del descubrimientoIV. El marco de<br />V. La doctrina del descubrimiento y los Estados Unidos de<br />VI. Terra nullius, terra nullus y la resolución Johnson v. McIntosh<br />VII. La doctrina del descubrimiento en la época contemporánea<br />VIII. Conclusión<br />IX. Recomendación</span></span></blockquote><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /><br /></span></span><p></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i>Anexo</i></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i>Fuentes</i></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #990000;"><i><br />******************************</i></span><br /></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br />Sostenemos
que el principio declarado en el siglo XV como ley de la cristiandad,
según el cual el descubrimiento otorgaba el derecho a asumir la
soberanía sobre los nativos no convertidos de África, Asia y América del
Norte y del Sur y a gobernarlos, ha sido reconocido, desde hace casi
cuatro siglos, como parte de la legislación nacional derecho de gentes,
y que en la actualidad es reconocido por todas las potencias
cristianas, tanto en la esfera política como judicial[1].<br /><br /><b>I. Introducción </b></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b> </b><br />1.
El Foro Permanente para las Cuestiones Indígenas ha recibido el mandato
de analizar las cuestiones relacionadas con el desarrollo económico y
social, la cultura, el medio ambiente, la educación, la salud y los
derechos humanos de los pueblos indígenas. En el presente studio
preliminar se examinarán las consecuencias que tiene para los pueblos
indígenas la teoría jurídica internacional conocida como la doctrina del
descubrimiento, que ha servido de fundamento para la violación de sus
derechos humanos.<br /><br />2. El estudio preliminar tiene en parte el
objetivo de destacar las diferencias de perspectiva que existen en el
mundo entre los pueblos indígenas y los agentes estatales, en la
inteligencia de que al centrar la atención en esas diferencias se
propiciará un mayor diálogo y una comunicación más clara entre ellos.<br /><br />3.
La Declaración de las Naciones Unidas sobre los derechos de los pueblos
indígenas (resolución 61/295 de la Asamblea General, anexo) es producto
de los esfuerzos desplegados durante tres decenios. En la Declaración
se tienen en cuenta las reclamaciones por infracciones de los derechos
humanos y otras preocupaciones que los representantes de los pueblos
indígenas han planteando en los foros internacionales desde principios
del siglo XX, en la época de la Sociedad de las Naciones. La aprobación
de la Declaración ofrece la oportunidad de identificar con claridad en
qué elementos radica la causa de esas reclamaciones y preocupaciones, a
saber, la tendencia histórica de los agentes estatales a imponer una
autoridad dominante soberana a los pueblos indígenas, sobre la base de
reivindicaciones y aseveraciones de un derecho último o superior a las
tierras, los territorios y los recursos de los pueblos indígenas. En el
presente documento se demuestra que la doctrina del descubrimiento está
en el origen de esas reivindicaciones y aseveraciones de dominación de
los Estados.<br /><br /><b>II. Labor futura sobre el alcance mundial de la doctrina del descubrimiento</b><br /> <br />4.
El grado en que la doctrina del descubrimiento y el marco de
dominación[2] se han aplicado en la jurisprudencia y en las políticas en
África, Asia, América Central y América del Sur tendrá que ser
objeto de una investigación exhaustiva y abordarse como continuación del
presente estudio preliminar. En todo estudio que en el future se llegue
a elaborar también habrá que tomar en consideración a Australia, el
Canadá y Nueva Zelandia por tratarse de países surgidos de la historia
imperial y colonial de la corona británica. Reconocemos y apreciamos
plenamente que nuestros hermanos y hermanas indígenas hacen frente a las
consecuencias de la doctrina del descubrimiento y del marco de
dominación en sus regiones geográficas. Sin embargo, en vista del
ámbito restringido de un estudio preliminar, nuestra atención se ha
centrado ante todo en la legislación indígena federal de los Estados
Unidos. El propósito del presente estudio preliminar es servir de modelo
que marque una dirección para futuras investigaciones en otras regiones
del mundo. En el futuro será necesario realizar estudios que se ocupen
de las siete regiones oficiales definidas por el Foro Permanente. En
el presente studio preliminar se toma la legislación indígena federal de
los Estados Unidos, a la que se hace referencia en la jurisprudencia
de otros países del mundo[3], como ejemplo prototípico de la aplicación
de la doctrina del descubrimiento y del marco de dominación.<br /><br /><b>III. Alcance mundial e historia de la doctrina del descubrimiento</b><br /><br />5.
Lo que ahora se conoce como derecho internacional recibía
anteriormente la denominación de derecho de gentes[4]. A fines del siglo
XIX, por ejemplo, el especialista en derecho internacional Thomas
Erskine Holland se refirió al derecho de gentes como el derecho de la
cristiandad; tan poco aplicable a los infieles como el derecho común
de las ciudades griegas a las sociedades de bárbaros[5]. En 1835, el
juez John Catron (1786-1865), cuando era magistrado de la Corte Suprema
del estado de Tennessee (Estados Unidos)[6], definió oficialmente un
principio como parte del derecho de la cristiandad, en concreto
que el descubrimiento otorgaba el derecho a asumir la soberanía sobre
los pueblos no convertidos no cristianos de África, Asia y América del
Norte y del Sur y a gobernarlos. Catron declaró que este principio
había sido reconocido como parte del derecho de gentes desde hace casi
cuatro siglos, y que en la actualidad es reconocido por todas las
potencias cristianas, tanto en la esfera política como judicial[7].<br /><br />6.
En el presente estudio preliminar se establece que la terminología
utilizada en los inicios del derecho internacional, como
cristiandad y potencias cristianas[8], es compatible con la
terminología recogida en documentos clave del siglo XV en adelante. Un
término más preciso para la doctrina del descubrimiento es la doctrina
del descubrimiento cristiano.<br /><br />7. Al referirse a cuatro
siglos antes de su época, el juez Catron se remonta a mediados del
siglo XV, cuando la Santa Sede expidió desde el Vaticano numerosos
documentos, en particular las bulas papales Dum Diversas y Romanus
Pontifex. Esos decretos son parte del registro de la génesis de las
reivindicaciones opuestas planteadas por las monarquías y los Estados
cristianos de Europa de un derecho de conquista, soberanía y dominación
con respecto a los pueblos no cristianos, como también a sus tierras,
territorios y recursos durante la denominada era de los
descubrimientos[9].<br /> <br />8. En 1917, la Carnegie Institution
publicó la obra de Francis Gardiner Davenport titulada European
Treaties bearing on the History of the United States and its
Dependencies to 1648, una obra que permite adentrarse en la semántica
del denominado descubrimiento y de un marco internacional de dominación
al que los pueblos indígenas han estado y siguen estando sujetos, en
violación de sus derechos humanos individuales y colectivos[10]. Como
nos proponemos demostrar, en la categoría de tierras recién
descubiertas están incluidas las tierras de los pueblos indígenas que
las distintas potencias cristianas de Europa de aquella época
clasificaban, por ejemplo, como paganos, gentiles e infieles[11].<br /><br />9.
La bula papal Romanus Pontifex, expedida en 1455, sirve de punto de
partida para comprender la doctrina del descubrimiento y, concretamente,
los esfuerzos históricos que las monarquías y los Estados cristianos de
Europa hicieron a partir del siglo XV para asumir y ejercer derechos de
conquista y dominación sobre los pueblos indígenas no cristianos con la
finalidad de apoderarse y sacar provecho de sus tierras y
territorios. Esos esfuerzos obedecían al propósito general de acumular
riquezas mediante la extracción ilimitada de recursos, en particular de
la minería, en los territorios tradicionales de las naciones y los
pueblos indígenas. El texto de la bula Romanus Pontifex es
ilustrativo de la doctrina del descubrimiento o del derecho derivado de
este. La aplicación de la doctrina del descubrimiento y del marco de
dominación a los pueblos indígenas y a sus tierras, territorios y
recursos dio por resultado siglos de destrucción y de etnocidio[12].<br /><br />10.
Escrita por Pietro da Noceto, secretario privado y confidente del Papa
Nicolás V, la bula Romanus Pontifex señala al inicio que el documento
fue expedido a efectos de recuerdo perpetuo. En otras palabras, se
habría de recordar a perpetuidad[13]. Se dice que el pontífice romano
tiene la potestad de ordenar y disponer de aquellas cosas que considera
que serán agradables a la Divina Majestad y mediante las cuales podrá
encausar a las ovejas que Dios le ha encomendado hacia el único rebaño
divino, y podrá adquirir en beneficio de esas ovejas la recompensa de la
felicidad eterna y obtener el perdón para sus almas. Este lenguaje
parece indicar una conversión religiosa, y el documento deja ver a
continuación el marco de dominación que se habrá de aplicar a las
tierras no cristianas hasta entonces desconocidas para la cristiandad
occidental.<br /><br />11. El empleo de términos como vencer en Romanus
Pontifex pone de manifiesto que la bula constituía un marco de
dominación, conversión y violencia que se proyectaba hacia el mundo.
Era más probable que se alcanzaran los objetivos de la Santa Sede y del
monarca portugués, decía el Papa Nicolás, si conferimos favores
apropiados y gracias especiales a los reyes y príncipes católicos que
frenen los excesos de los sarracenos y de otros infieles enemigos del
nombre de Cristo y que los venzan en sus reinos y moradas, aunque
estén situados en las regiones más remotas desconocidas para nosotros.
El documento alaba las acciones por las cuales los reyes y príncipes
católicos someten a los no cristianos a su propio dominio temporal,
sin escatimar esfuerzo o gasto alguno. La Santa Sede decretó, por
consiguiente, que se ejerciera violencia para vencer a los pueblos no
cristianos de manera que, como señores, lograran imponer su dominio y
control sobre ellos y tomar posesión de sus tierras, territorios y
recursos.<br /><br />12. En la bula Romanus Pontifex vuelve a quedar de
manifiesto el marco de dominación cuando el Papa Nicolás califica al
Príncipe Enrique de Portugal de verdadero soldado de Cristo que podría
cumplir mejor su obligación con Dios si pudiera someter a ciertos
pueblos gentiles o paganos y predicarles y hacer que se les predicara el
santísimo, aunque desconocido, nombre de Cristo[14]. Esforzarse por
emplear la violencia y la conversión religiosa con el fin de someter a
los pueblos no cristianos es tratar de lograr la dominación y el
sojuzgamiento de esos pueblos.<br /><br />13. Los buques portugueses,
decía la bula papal, habían explorado y tomado posesión de muchísimos
puertos, islas y mares y con el tiempo habían llegado a la provincia de
Guinuea sic. Como resultado de ello, los portugueses habían tomado
posesión de algunas islas y puertos y del mar adyacente a esa
provincia. Finalmente, los navegantes portugueses llegaron a la
desembocadura de un gran río que en general se suponía que era el Nilo.
Después, lucharon durante algunos años contra los pueblos gentiles o
paganos de esas partes en nombre del Rey Alfonso y del Infante.<br /><br />14.
En Romanus Pontifex se explica además que como resultado de los años de
lucha, otras islas en África occidental fueron sometidas y se tomó
posesión de ellas y del mar adyacente en forma pacífica. El Rey
Alfonso y el Príncipe Enrique habían explorado, adquirido y tomado
posesión de esos puertos, islas y mares cual verdaderos señores de
ellos, y habían ordenado que nadie debería pretender navegar hacia
dichas provincias, o comerciar en sus puertos, o pescar en sus mares
sin licencia, permiso y pago de tributo. Con la bendición y sanción de
la Santa Sede, el Rey Alfonso asumió el derecho a ejercer un control
completo sobre los pueblos considerados gentiles o paganos y sobre sus
tierras, territorios y recursos. En el presente estudio preliminar, por
marco de dominación se entiende el derecho que suponían tener o
reivindicaban los potentados, los Estados y sus sucesores a conceder,
descubrir, adquirir y poseer, y a ejercer un control permanente
sobre los pueblos indígenas no cristianos, y sobre sus tierras,
territorios y recursos.<br /><br />15. El Papa Nicolás autorizó al Rey
Alfonso a que asumiera y ejerciera el control sobre las tierras no
cristianas porque la Santa Sede, había otorgado previamente por
ejemplo, mediante la bula Dum Diversas de 1452 al mencionado Rey
Alfonso, entre otras cosas, la facultad[15] libre y amplia de invadir,
buscar, capturar, vencer y someter a todos los sarracenos y paganos sin
distinción, y a otros enemigos de Cristo dondequiera que se
encontraran, junto con los reinos, ducados, principados, dominios,
posesiones y todos los bienes muebles e inmuebles que estuvieran en su
poder o en su posesión, y de reducirlos a la esclavitud perpetua, y de
apropiarse para sí y para sus sucesores de los reinos, ducados,
principados, dominios, posesiones y bienes, y el derecho a transformar
(en inglés, convert) todo ello para su uso y provecho propio y de sus
sucesores . Esta facultad otorgada por la Santa Sede al Rey
Alfonso de apropiarse de los reinos, ducados, principados, dominios,
posesiones y todos los bienes muebles e inmuebles es una licencia papal
para apoderarse por la fuerza de todas las tierras y territorios
indígenas en las regiones localizadas y para dedicarse a la extracción
ilimitada de recursos para uso y provecho del monarca. En este
contexto, el significado secular del vocablo inglés convert es
apropiarse de manera deshonesta o ilegal de lo que pertenece a
otro[16]. Con el fin de que la apropiación por la fuerza pareciera
lícita y correcta, el Papa Nicolás declare que, en vista de que la
Sede Apostólica había proclamado previamente la facultad de actuar en
la forma descrita, y debido a que el rey había adquirido por ello dicha
facultad, el Rey Alfonso ha adquirido y tomado posesión de manera
justa y lícita de esas islas, tierras, puertos y mares, que por derecho
le pertenecen al Rey Alfonso y a sus sucesores .<br /><br />16. Así
pues, la bula Romanus Pontifex ilustra con claridad el patrón de las
reivindicaciones contemporáneas de derechos de conquista y dominación
planteadas por los Estados con respecto a los pueblos indígenas, sus
tierras, territorios y recursos naturales. Es por eso que la citada bula
papal sirve como modelo ilustrativo convincente del marco de dominación
en el que radica la causa de las violaciones de los derechos humanos,
tanto individuales como colectivos, de los pueblos indígenas.<br /><br />17.
Como ya se ha señalado, el Papa Nicolás, al otorgar en Romanus Pontifex
el derecho de conquista, lo hizo para siempre: Y en virtud de
aquellas y de estas cartas bulas papales de facultad, las adquisiciones
ya efectuadas, y lo que a partir de ahora se llegue a adquirir
pertenecen por derecho y para siempre al mencionado Rey y a sus
sucesores y al Infante, y el derecho de conquista ha pertenecido y
pertenece por derecho y para siempre al mencionado Rey Alfonso, a sus
sucesores y al Infante, y a ningún otro. La mención a los sucesores
del Rey Alfonso denota que los derechos de conquista y dominación eran
transferibles mediante tratados celebrados entre los Estados de Europa, a
los que se denominaba la familia de naciones. Muchos Estados modernos
del mundo son los sucesores políticos de esos derechos reivindicados de
conquista y dominación basados en la doctrina del descubrimiento.<br /><b><br />IV. El marco de dominación<br /></b><br />18.
La bula Romanus Pontifex junto con todos los demás documentos
vaticanos y cédulas reales de esa índole es una prueba de la doctrina
del descubrimiento de la que se han valido los Estados cristianos de
Europa y sus sucesores en el continente americano y en otras partes para
promover a escala mundial un marco de dominación y el robo de las
tierras, los territorios y los recursos de los pueblos indígenas, bajo
el disfraz de actividades consideradas como justas y lícitas. El
marco de dominación fue reconocido en una definición de trabajo del
término pueblos indígenas enunciada a principios del decenio de 1970:<br /><br />Las
poblaciones indígenas están constituidas por los descendientes actuales
de los pueblos que habitaban el presente territorio de un país total o
parcialmente, en el momento en que llegaron a él personas de otra
cultura u origen étnico provenientes de otras partes del mundo, y que
los dominaron y los redujeron, por medio de la conquista, asentamiento u
otros medios, a condición no dominante o colonial; que viven hoy más en
conformidad con sus particulares costumbres y tradiciones sociales,
económicas y culturales que con las instituciones del país del cual
forman parte ahora, bajo una estructura estatal en que se incorporan
principalmente características nacionales, sociales y culturales de
otros segmentos, predominantes, de la población[17].<br /><br />19. Hay
otro ejemplo que también ilustra este aspecto. En 1995, la Oficina del
Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Derechos Humanos
publicó un folleto informativo cuya introducción dice lo siguiente: Se
han denominado pueblos indígenas o aborígenes porque estaban viviendo en
sus tierras antes de que vinieran los colonizadores de otros
lugares[19]. La frase antes de que vinieran los colonizadores es un
reconocimiento de que los pueblos indígenas estaban originalmente
viviendo en sus tierras cuando otras personas llegaron con la pretensión
de ser el grupo dominante mediante la conquista, la ocupación, la
colonización o por otros medios. En el folleto informativo también se
hace referencia a los colonizadores como a los recién llegados que
se convirtieron en el grupo dominante mediante la conquista, la
ocupación, la colonización o por otros medios. Con el empleo de
dominante y de conquista se reconoce una historia de invasión y de
imposición por la fuerza.<br /><br />20. En otras secciones del folleto
informativo se reconocen de nuevo las reivindicaciones de dominación y
la apropiación de tierras indígenas por la fuerza: Durante toda la
historia de la humanidad, cada vez que los pueblos vecinos dominadores
han ampliado sus territorios o que colonizadores procedentes de tierras
lejanas se han apoderado por la fuerza de nuevas tierras, han corrido
peligro las culturas y el sustento incluso la existencia de los
pueblos indígenas. El hecho de que se haga referencia a los pueblos no
indígenas como dominadores de los pueblos indígenas, y a los
colonizadores que se han apoderado por la fuerza de tierras
indígenas, establece con exactitud cuáles son los elementos que han
causado que las culturas y el sustento -incluso la existencia- de los
pueblos indígenas hayan corrido peligro. Las cuestiones de etnocidio[19]
y de lingüicidio[20] están comprendidas en la referencia a la
existencia de los pueblos indígenas puesta en peligro por las monarquías
y los Estados que reivindican su dominación efectiva sobre esos
pueblos, sus tierras y territorios, en violación de los derechos humanos
individuales y colectivos de los pueblos indígenas.<br /><br />21. El
Relator Especial de la Comisión de Derechos Humanos, José Martínez Cobo,
en su informe final sobre el problema de la discriminación contra las
poblaciones indígenas, utilizó conceptos clave para identificar y
reconocer la dominación como el contexto en que se insertan las
cuestiones relativas a los pueblos indígenas:<br /><br />Son comunidades,
pueblos y naciones indígenas los que, teniendo una continuidad histórica
con las sociedades anteriores a la invasión y precoloniales que se
desarrollaron en sus territorios, se consideran distintos de otros
sectores de las sociedades que ahora prevalecen en esos territorios o en
partes de ellos. Constituyen ahora sectores no dominantes de la
sociedad y tienen la determinación de preservar, desarrollar y
transmitir a futuras generaciones sus territorios ancestrales y su
identidad étnica como base de su existencia continuada como pueblo, de
acuerdo con sus propios patrones culturales, sus instituciones sociales y
sus sistemas legales[21].<br /><br />22. En la definición de trabajo que
antecede, encontramos el mismo patrón conceptual ya mencionado. La
expresión anterior a la invasión reconoce la invasión de los
territorios de los pueblos indígenas, mientras que precoloniales
reconoce los patrones del colonialismo y la colonización que han tenido
consecuencias negativas para los pueblos indígenas, sus tierras,
territorios y recursos. La frase las sociedades que ahora prevalecen en
esos territories indígenas considera que las sociedades no indígenas
parten del supuesto de que tienen una fuerza o influencia superior
sobre los pueblos indígenas y sus territorios. Por último, al referirse
a los pueblos indígenas como no dominantes, la definición reconoce el
hecho que las sociedades invasoras reivindican la dominación sobre los
pueblos indígenas en violación de sus derechos humanos individuales y
colectivos.<br /><br /><b>V. La doctrina del descubrimiento y los Estados Unidos de América</b><br /><br />23.
En esta sección nos ocuparemos en detalle de la legislación indígena
federal de los Estados Unidos como ejemplo prototípico de la aplicación
de la doctrina del descubrimiento y del marco de dominación a las
naciones y pueblos indígenas. Se proporciona información que ilustra el
grado en que las leyes nacionales, en particular la legislación sobre
la propiedad, referentes a los pueblos indígenas, se han apoyado y se
siguen apoyando en la doctrina del descubrimiento y en el marco de
dominación[22].<br /><br />24. El sistema de derecho indígena federal en
los Estados Unidos comprende miles de leyes emanadas del Congreso, una
abundante jurisprudencia, cientos de tratados, tanto ratificados como no
ratificados, y más de 200 años de desarrollo de una política indígena
federal[23]. Sin embargo, el presente estudio preliminar de la doctrina
del descubrimiento se mantendrá dentro de los límites del punto de
partida o premisa conceptual del sistema general plasmado en la
resolución de la Corte Suprema de los Estados Unidos sobre Johnson v.
McIntosh[24].<br /><br />25. La premisa del sistema jurídico indígena
federal se ha vuelto aún más problemática en los últimos años por la
revelación reciente de que en la causa Johnson hubo fraude. Se trató de
un asunto fingido, resultado de un acto de colusión entre las dos
partes, que actuaron para producir un efecto[25]. En 1774 y 1775,
respectivamente, las empresas Illinois y Wabash Land compraron terrenos
directamente a las naciones indias Illinois y Piankeshaw en violación de
una prohibición que había decretado la corona británica a esas compras
de tierras en virtud de la Proclamación Real de 1763. En las dos
operaciones se compraron terrenos a las dos naciones indias libres e
independientes justo antes de la Declaración de Independencia y de la
Guerra Revolucionaria entre los recién declarados Estados Unidos y la
Gran Bretaña. Casi 50 años después de esas compras de terrenos, dos
parientes y herederos de Thomas Johnson, uno de los inversionistas
originales en las citadas operaciones, presentaron una demanda en el
juzgado de primera instancia del distrito de Illinois. Los abogados de
los demandantes se habían puesto a buscar a un demandado, y dieron con
William McIntosh. Los abogados del demandante contrataron a un abogado
para el demandado, es decir, el Sr. McIntosh[26].<br /><br />26. Además,
el Presidente de la Corte Suprema John Marshall (1755-1835) era un
importante propietario de bienes raíces (al igual que sus familiares y
amigos), que habrían resultado afectados si el pleito se hubiera llegado
a resolver en contra de esos intereses[27]. En lugar de abstenerse de
proseguir en la causa, el juez Marshall redactó la resolución que la
Corte Suprema dictó por unanimidad[28].<br /><br />27. Los Estados Unidos
recientemente integrados necesitaban fabricar una identidad política
para los indios americanos y un concepto sobre la titularidad de las
tierras indias que allanaran el camino de los Estados Unidos en su
expansión colonial hacia el oeste. El principio que la Corte Suprema
estadounidense concibió con este fin en la resolución sobre Johnson fue
que el descubrimiento confería derechos de propiedad al gobierno, cuyos
ciudadanos lo hubieran realizado, o al gobierno por cuya facultad se
hubiera realizado, en contra de todos los demás gobiernos europeos, y
que esos derechos de propiedad podrían consumarse por vía de la
posesión[29]. Sobre la base del concepto del descubrimiento, la Corte
Suprema formuló un derecho indio de simple ocupación. En consonancia
con este concepto, a menudo se ha argumentado que el derecho indio de
ocupación no es más que un derecho temporal, inferior y sujeto a los
derechos absolutos de propiedad y a la dominación última de las
antiguas potencias europeas, y posteriormente de los agentes estatales,
como los Estados Unidos[30].<br /><br />28. Para ilustrar el origen del
principio del descubrimiento, Marshall examinó los términos en que
estaba redactada la cédula que beneficiaba a John Cabot y otras cédulas
reales expedidas por la corona británica:<br /><br />Ninguna de las
potencias de Europa dio su asentimiento pleno a este principio de
forma menos inequívoca que Inglaterra. Los documentos referentes al tema
son amplios y completos. Ya desde 1496, el monarca inglés dio una
comisión a los Cabot a fin de que descubrieran países entonces
desconocidos para los cristianos, y tomaran posesión de ellos en nombre
del rey de Inglaterra. Dos años después, Cabot emprendió este viaje y
descubrió el continente de América del Norte donde, navegando en
dirección sur, llegó hasta Virginia. Para los ingleses, sus derechos
de propiedad se remontan a se descubrimiento[29].<br /><br />29. El
texto citado supra, tomado de la cédula otorgada por el Rey Enrique VII a
John Cabot y a sus hijos, tiene como antecedente directo la larga
tradición de las bulas papales del Vaticano ya mencionadas. Al emplear
esos términos, la corona británica procedía conforme a la opinión de que
las concesiones papales hechas con anterioridad a Portugal y a España
no podían impedir legítimamente que la corona británica emprendiera
viajes y se apropiara de tierras de los paganos e infieles que hasta
entonces han sido desconocidas para todos los cristianos. La
resolución de la causa Johnson prosigue diciendo que la cédula en favor
de Cabot constituye un reconocimiento pleno del principio o doctrina
del descubrimiento:<br /><br />En este primer intento del Gobierno inglés
por adquirir territorio en este continente, percibimos un reconocimiento
pleno del principio ?del descubrimiento??que ya se ha mencionado. El
derecho del descubrimiento conferido por esta comisión se limita a los
países desconocidos hasta entonces para todos los cristianos y a
Cabot se le otorgaron poderes para tomar posesión de ellos en nombre
del rey de Inglaterra. De este modo, se reivindicó el derecho a tomar
posesión, sin importar la ocupación por los nativos, que eran paganos, y
se admitieron a la vez los derechos de propiedad previos de todo pueblo
cristiano que pudiera haber hecho un descubrimiento anterior[29].<br /> </span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">30.
Los términos empleados por la Corte Suprema evocan de nuevo el marco de
dominación. Marshall también se había remitido a ese mismo marco en una
parte anterior de la resolución sobre Johnson mediante el uso del
concepto de dominación:<br /><br />Aunque las diferentes naciones de
Europa respetaban el derecho de los nativos, como ocupantes, hacían
valer que en ellas residía la dominación última; y, como
consecuencia de esta dominación última, reclamaban y ejercían el poder
de conceder las tierras, que aún estaban en posesión de los nativos.
Para todos queda claro que estas concesiones otorgan derechos de
propiedad a los concesionarios, sujetos únicamente al derecho de
ocupación de los indios[31].<br /><br />31. Según la opinión de la Corte
Suprema de los Estados Unidos sobre el asunto recogida en Johnson, las
cédulas reales inglesas expresaban la doctrina de que los cristianos,
sobre la base del derecho al descubrimiento, habían hecho valer el
derecho a tomar posesión de cualesquiera tierras habitadas por nativos,
que eran paganos, es decir, no cristianos. El filósofo político Thomas
Hobbes afirmó que al derecho de posesión se le llama dominación[32].
Así pues, el hecho de hacer valer un derecho a tomar posesión no es
más que otra forma de decir hacer valer un derecho de dominio, o
dominación[33].<br /><br />32. En la resolución sobre Johnson v.
McIntosh, la Corte Suprema de los Estados Unidos afirmó que los derechos
originales de los indios americanos a la soberanía completa, como
naciones independientes se habían visto necesariamente menoscabados
por efecto del derecho del descubrimiento. Este derecho del
descubrimiento, dijo la Corte, quedaba restringido a los países
desconocidos para los cristianos. En otras palabras, la Corte Suprema
sostuvo que al localizar tierras en el continente americano, que hasta
entonces eran desconocidas para los cristianos, los cristianos habían
puesto fin al derecho de las naciones indias americanas a la libertad y
la independencia. Sobre la base de esas expresiones se deduce que la
Corte Suprema de los Estados Unidos utilizó la doctrina del
descubrimiento para impedir la aplicación del primer principio del
derecho internacional a las naciones indias americanas y sus territorios
tradicionales: La autoridad de una nación dentro de su propio
territorio es absoluta y exclusiva[34]. Para permitirse un acceso
irrestricto a las tierras, territorios y recursos de los pueblos
indígenas, los Estados cristianos de Europa, y más tarde los agentes
estatales, consideraban que este principio solo resultaba aplicable a
ellos mismos.<br /><br />33. Nadie podría presentar argumentos sensatos
en contra de la idea de que sobre la existencia de las naciones y de los
pueblos indios americanos no pesara originalmente la doctrina del
descubrimiento ni las reivindicaciones y aseveraciones de dominación de
los cristianos europeos[35]. El juez de la Corte Suprema Joseph Story
(1779-1845) expuso el argumento contrario a la existencia libre original
cuando escribió que como infieles, paganos y salvajes, no se permitía a
los indios poseer las prerrogativas que correspondían a las naciones
independientes completamente soberanas[36]. Como consecuencia de la
institucionalización de los conceptos de descubrimiento y dominio
último (cuyos orígenes se remontan a las bulas papales del Vaticano,
como la Romanus Pontifex) en las leyes y las políticas de los Estados
Unidos, se impuso un marco de dominación sobre las naciones y pueblos
indígenas. Esto permitió al Gobierno de los Estados Unidos apropiarse de
tierras, territorios y recursos indios y cederlos con impunidad, en
violación de los derechos humanos individuales y colectivos de los
pueblos indígenas.<br /><br /><b>VI. Terra nullius, terra nullus y la resolución Johnson v. McIntosh</b><br /><br />34.
Hay dos términos que históricamente se han utilizado en contra de los
pueblos indígenas y que tienen el mismo significado: carente de seres
humanos. Los dos términos han sido la causa de la deshumanización de
los pueblos indígenas. El primero es terra nullius, una categoría
aplicada por los letrados romanos a las tierras enemigas y a lugares
como islas desiertas[37]. El segundo término es terra nullus que, de
acuerdo con Francis Lieber, el primer politólogo estadounidense, estaba
basado en el hecho de que, en la era de los descubrimientos, los
habitantes indígenas originales de una zona geográfica no estaban
bautizados como cristianos.<br /><br />35. Francis Lieber (1800-1872) fue
un germano-estadounidense que emigró a los Estados Unidos en 1827 y se
convirtió en uno de los especialistas en ciencias políticas más
destacados del siglo XIX[38]. Lieber definió la doctrina de terra
nullus, con la que se hacía referencia a las tierras habitadas por
paganos, infieles o personas no bautizadas, a quienes los cristianos
trataban, en un sentido fundamental, como no existentes. Del concepto de
terra nullus derivó la opinión de que las tierras habitadas por no
cristianos eran tierras baldías o tierras desocupadas y por
consiguiente a disposición de los cristianos para que ejercieran el
derecho de posesión. El paganismo, escribió Lieber, cuyo significado
era no estar bautizado, privaba a la persona [no cristiana] de aquellos
derechos que una moral verdadera considera inherente a todo ser
humano.<br /><br />36. En un ensayo de 1888, Burke Aaron Hinsdale
(1837-1900) documentó que el fundamento del derecho del descubrimiento
era el principio según el cual podrá pasar a ser propiedad de su
descubridor lo que no pertenece a nadie. Siguiendo los planteamientos
de Lieber, Hinsdale señaló que el razonamiento produjo efecto solo
cuando tuvo como complemento la definición de nullius hecha por la
Iglesia que, como dijo Hinsdale, sentó la premisa necesaria. Si se
concede que la res nullius es propiedad de quien la encuentra, que un
infiel es nullius no existente; que el indio americano salvaje es un
infiel [nullius o no existente], entonces el razonamiento está
completo. Hinsdale dijo que en este razonamiento, basado en la premisa
de la condición de no bautizados de los habitantes originales de las
tierras descubiertas, radicaba el origen del derecho del
descubrimiento, el criterio que las naciones que se dividieron el
Nuevo Mundo invocaban en las controversias territoriales, y el
fundamento último de los derechos de propiedad en los Estados Unidos en
su totalidad. En este punto, Hinsdale se refirió a la resolución sobre
Johnson v. McIntosh diciendo que el derecho del descubrimiento
constituía el fundamento último de los derechos de propiedad en los
Estados Unidos en su totalidad[39].<br /><br />37. El juez de la Corte
Suprema Joseph Story fue contemporáneo de Francis Lieber. Durante algún
tiempo, los dos hombres se movieron en los mismos círculos
intelectuales, y Story contribuyó con más de 120 páginas a la
Encyclopaedia Americana de Lieber[40]. El juez Joseph Story también
intervino en la resolución de la causa Johnson v. McIntosh de 1823. Un
decenio después de que se dictara esa resolución, Story publicó, en
1833, sus Commentaries on the Constitution of the United States, obra en
la que examinó el origen de los derechos de propiedad sobre el
territorio de las colonias y, a propósito del origen de los derechos
europeos de propiedad en el continente americano y de la bula papal
Inter Caetera del siglo XV, escribió lo siguiente:<br /><br />Los indios
pertenecían a una raza salvaje, sumida en las profundidades de la
ignorancia y el paganismo. Como no era posible acabar con ellos por su
falta de religión y justa moral, habría que rescatarlos de sus errores.
Tenían que ceder frente al genio superior de Europa y, al canjear sus
hábitos salvajes y envilecidos por a civilización y la cristiandad,
obtendrían más a cambio de cada sacrificio y sufrimiento. También se
convocó la autoridad papal para propiciar estos grandes designios; y con
el fin de derrocar el paganismo y propagar la religión católica,
Alejandro VI, mediante una bula expedida en 1493, otorgó a la corona de
Castilla la totalidad del inmenso territorio entonces descubierto, o por
descubrirse, entre los polos, siempre que en ese entonces ningún
príncipe cristiano fuera el poseedor de dicho territorio[41].<br /><br />En
consecuencia, una vez establecido el principio de que el descubrimiento
confería derechos de propiedad al gobierno, cuyos ciudadanos lo hubieran
realizado, o al gobierno por cuya facultad se hubiera realizado, en
contra de todos los demás gobiernos europeos[42], se deducía casi
naturalmente que todos los gobiernos, dentro de los límites de sus
descubrimientos, excluían a todas las demás personas del derecho a
adquirir tierras en virtud de una concesión, del tipo que fuera,
otorgada por los nativos[43](sin cursivas en el original).<br /><br />38.
En los dos párrafos citados supra, Story estableció una conexión
directa entre la bula papal Inter Caetera de 1493 y el derecho del
descubrimiento manifestado en la resolución Johnson[44]. En virtud de
ello, Story situó esa resolución - el punto de partida del derecho
jurisprudencial federal de los Estados Unidos aplicable a los pueblos
indios en el contexto no sólo del decreto Inter Caetera, sino también
en el contexto más amplio de numerosos documentos que el Vaticano
expidió a los monarcas portugueses y españoles durante la denominada era
de los descubrimientos, incluido el marco de dominación que figura en
las bulas papales Dum Diversas y Romanus Pontifex.<br /><br />39. Sobre
la base del concepto de terra nullus y de la doctrina del
descubrimiento, la Corte Suprema de los Estados Unidos declaró, en la
resolución sobre Johnson, que la corona británica no había establecido
ninguna distinción entre tierras baldías y tierras ocupadas or los
indios[45]. Dicho de otro modo, la Corte Suprema alegó que la corona
británica consideraba las tierras de los indios americanos como si
fueran tierras baldías. En The International Law of John Marshall,
Benjamin Munn Ziegler explicó la declaración de la Corte sobre las
tierras baldías de la siguiente manera: uno de los medios más antiguos
de los que se han valido las naciones para adquirir territorio ha sido
el descubrimiento de tierras no ocupadas previamente. En una nota
explicativa, Ziegler añadió: El término tierras no ocupadas se
refiere por supuesto a las tierras en América que, al ser descubiertas,
estaban ocupadas por los indios pero no ocupadas por los
cristianos[46].<br /><br />40. George Grafton Wilson (1863-1951),
profesor en Brown University, Harvard University, Fletcher School of Law
and Diplomacy y Naval War College de los Estados Unidos, expresó el
mismo punto de vista. Sobre la base de la resolución relativa a Johnson
v. McIntosh, Wilson afirmó que Inglaterra, Francia, Holanda, Portugal y
España sostenían por igual que el descubrimiento de tierras previamente
desconocidas para los cristianos otorgaba al descubridor cristiano el
derecho de tomar posesión de esas tierras[47].<br /><br /><b>VII. La doctrina del descubrimiento en la época contemporánea</b><br /> <br />41.
A mediados del siglo XX, la Corte Suprema de los Estados Unidos
reafirmó e hizo suya la doctrina del descubrimiento. Quinientos años
después de que fuera expedida la bula Romanus Pontifex, la Corte Suprema
dictó su resolución en la causa Tee-Hit-Ton Indians v. The United
States[48]. Ese asunto tenía que ver con el pueblo tee-hit-ton cuya
lengua es el tlingit y cuyas costumbres, leyes y tradiciones son
similares a las de otros pueblos tlingit en lo que en la actualidad se
denomina Alaska[49]. En 1947, el Congreso de los Estados Unidos autorizó
al Secretario de Agricultura a que vendiera la madera procedente del
bosque nacional Tongass, que el Congreso había establecido en una zona
que comprendía en parte el territorio tradicional de los indios
tee-hit-ton y tlingit. El 20 de agosto de 1951, el Servicio Forestal de
los Estados Unidos vendió a la empresa Ketchikan Pulp and Paper el
derecho a explotar toda la madera en el bosque nacional Tongass,
estimada en 1.500.000 pies cúbicos. Poco después, los tee-hit-ton
presentaron una demanda, alegando que eran los únicos propietarios de
la tierra y del agua objeto de controversia; que nunca habían vendido o
traspasado la tierra a ningún tercero; y que pedían un fallo judicial
por los daños y perjuicios causados por la apropiación del bosque
nacional Tongass, más intereses[50].<br /><br />42. Al cabo de un
tiempo, los abogados que representaban al Gobierno de los Estados Unidos
presentaron un expediente con sus argumentos ante la Corte Suprema
que se basaban en parte en la doctrina del descubrimiento y en la época
de las bulas papales del Vaticano, y en el que alegaron que, según un
principio generalmente reconocido del derecho internacional, las
tierras de los paganos e infieles podían ser objeto de adquisición
(apropiación) por parte de las naciones cristianas[51]. Bastarán
algunas observaciones para situar en su contexto el argumento jurídico
de los Estados Unidos sobre las naciones cristianas: hasta 1856,
existía una identidad política internacional colectiva, compuesta de
diferentes monarquías y Estados, que conocía con distintos nombres, por
ejemplo, la cristiandad, la comunidad cristiana y la familia de
naciones (las naciones cristianas de Europa y sus ramas en América).
De conformidad con estos antecedentes, los abogados del Gobierno
empezaron el resumen de sus alegatos con una referencia a la resolución
sobre Johnson: Un principio generalmente reconocido del derecho
internacional es que, con respecto a las tierras de este continente,
el descubrimiento confería derechos de propiedad al gobierno,
cuyos ciudadanos lo hubieran realizado, o al gobierno por cuya facultad
se hubiera realizado, en contra de todos los demás gobiernos europeos,
y que esos derechos de propiedad podrían consumarse por posesión
(Johnson v. McIntosh, 8 Wheat. 543, 573). Los abogados añadieron: ...
en virtud del principio del descubrimiento, las naciones descubridoras
reivindicaban la titularidad completa y exclusiva a las tierras
descubiertas, sujeta únicamente al derecho de ocupación por parte de los
indios que lo retenían solo por gracia del soberano[51].<br /><br />43.
Bajo el encabezamiento Argumento, los abogados del Gobierno se
remitieron a la era multisecular de las naciones cristianas de Europa.
Incluyeron un análisis de la época de la bula papal Romanus Pontifex:
Antes de la gran era de los descubrimientos, que tuvo sus inicios a
finales del siglo XV, las naciones cristianas de Europa adquirieron
jurisdicción sobre las tierras recién descubiertas en virtud de las
concesiones hechas por los Papas, quienes reivindicaron la facultad de
conferir a los monarcas cristianos el derecho a adquirir los territorios
que estuvieran en posesión de paganos e infieles[52].<br /><br />44.
Los abogados del Gobierno en Tee-Hit-Ton prosiguieron con el siguiente
razonamiento basado en las bulas papales del Vaticano:<br /><br />Por
ejemplo, en 1344, Clemente VI otorgó las Islas Canarias a Luis de España
que había prometido conducir a los isleños al culto de Cristo; y,
después de que Colón descubriera el Nuevo Mundo, en 1493 y 1494,
Alejandro VI expidió bulas por las que concedió a España todas las
tierras situadas al oeste de una línea ubicada a 100 leguas al oeste de
las islas Azores y de Cabo Verde que no estuvieran bajo dominio
cristiano. Debido al quebrantamiento de la autoridad papal y a la
inmensidad del territorio abarcado, la segunda de esas bulas no fue
aceptada por las demás naciones y ni siquiera España se atuvo demasiado a
ella, de manera que fue necesario que las naciones cristianas
civilizadas de Europa formularan un nuevo principio que todas pudieran
reconocer como la ley que regularía entre las propias naciones el
derecho de adquisición de territorios en el Nuevo Mundo que habían
encontrado habitados por indios que, conforme a las normas europeas,
eran paganos e incivilizados51.<br /><br />45. El juez Stanley Forman
Reed pronunció el fallo alcanzado por mayoría en Tee- Hit-Ton Indians
v. The United States. Antes de explicar esta resolución de la Corte es
necesario, no obstante, mencionar primero el asunto Alcea Band of
Tillamooks v. The United States, que la Corte examinó en 1946[53]. Al
respecto, la Corte Suprema resolvió por mayoría que el grupo alcea de
los indios tillamook, en Oregón (Estados Unidos), tenía derecho a una
indemnización monetaria debido a que el Gobierno de los Estados Unidos
se había apropiado de sus tierras ancestrales. Sin embargo, el juez
Reed, que redactó la opinión de la minoría, no estuvo de acuerdo. Para
argumentar que el grupo alcea de los indios tillamook no tenía derecho a
una indemnización monetaria por la apropiación de sus tierras
ancestrales por parte del Gobierno de los Estados Unidos, el juez Reed
se basó en la resolución Johnson v. McIntosh de 1823.<br /><br />46. Como
sustento principal de su razonamiento en la causa Alcea Band, el juez
Reed señaló que en la resolución sobre Johnson v. McIntosh se había
planteado la teoría de que el descubrimiento de tierras indias por
las naciones cristianas confería a estas soberanía y derechos de
propiedad con respecto a las tierras descubiertas. Este planteamiento
corresponde, claro está, a la idea que el juez Catron sostuvo en State
v. Foreman en el sentido de que según la ley de la cristiandad, el
descubrimiento confería el derecho a asumir la soberanía sobre los
nativos no convertidos y a gobernarlos[54].<br /><br />47. Al redactar
la opinión de la mayoría de los integrantes de la Corte Suprema sobre la
causa Tee-Hit-Ton, el juez Reed coincidió con el argumento presentado
por los abogados que actuaban en nombre de los Estados Unidos. También
utilizó el mismo razonamiento en relación con la doctrina del
descubrimiento que ya había expresado en Alcea Band of Tillamooks. Dijo
que estaba bien establecido que los indios americanos tenían derecho a
reivindicar tierras en América del Norte tras la llegada del hombre
blanco, con arreglo a lo que en ocasiones se denomina derecho o permiso
otorgado a los indios por los blancos para ocupar las tierras. Esa
descripción significa simple posesión que el Congreso no reconoce
específicamente como propiedad. Después de la conquista, se les permitió
ocupar porciones del territorio sobre el que previamente habían
ejercido soberanía, en el sentido que nosotros damos al término. No se
trata de un derecho de propiedad, sino que equivale a un derecho de
ocupación que el soberano confiere. Dijo además que el soberano podrá
dar por terminado este derecho de ocupación y disponer plenamente de las
tierras sin que tenga ninguna obligación jurídica de compensar a los
indios. La mención a la conquista remite al marco de dominación, y
el juez Reed prosiguió diciendo: Desde hace tiempo, esta posición de
los indios se ha racionalizado con arreglo a la teoría de que el
descubrimiento y la conquista confieren soberanía y titularidad a los
conquistadores sobre las tierras así adquiridas[55].<br /><br />48. En
la sección correspondiente a Derechos de propiedad de su obra Elements
of International Law, Henry Wheaton escribió el texto siguiente que,
sobre la base de la cita del juez Reed, revela el contexto en que se
situó la resolución de la Corte Suprema sobre Tee-Hit-Ton:<br /><br />Entre
las naciones de Europa, fueron los españoles y los portugueses quienes
encabezaron los espléndidos descubrimientos marítimos en Oriente y
Occidente, en los siglos XV y XVI. Según las ideas prevalecientes en ese
entonces en Europa, las naciones paganas de los demás rincones del
mundo eran presa y botín legítimos de sus conquistadores civilizados
y, entre las potencias europeas, era el Soberano Pontífice el árbitro
supremo cuando había que dirimir reclamaciones opuestas Así, la bula
del Papa Alejandro VI excluyó de la concesión otorgada a España todas
las tierras que con anterioridad hubieran sido ocupadas por cualquier
otra nación cristiana [en cursivas en el original]; y la patente
otorgada por Enrique VII de Inglaterra a John Cabot y a sus hijos los
autorizaba a buscar y descubrir todas las islas, regiones y provincias
que puedan pertenecer a paganos e infieles, y a someter, ocupar y tomar
posesión de esos territorios, como vasallos y lugartenientes del rey.
Del mismo modo, la concesión expedida por la Reina Isabel a Sir Humphrey
Gilbert lo autorizaba a descubrir las tierras, países y territorios
alejados y bárbaros que no estén efectivamente en posesión de ningún
príncipe o pueblo cristiano y a tomar, ocupar y disfrutar de ellos,
junto con todos sus productos, jurisdicciones y regalías. Fue así como
se convirtió en una máxima de las políticas y las leyes que el derecho
de los indios nativos estaba subordinado al de los primeros
descubridores cristianos, cuya reivindicación suprema excluía a la que
pudiera plantear cualquier otra nación civilizada y, de manera
paulatina, extinguía la de los nativos[56].<br /><br />49. La Corte
Suprema de los Estados Unidos todavía utiliza en el siglo XXI la
doctrina del descubrimiento como un principio jurídico activo, como se
hizo patente en la causa City of Sherrill v. Oneida Indian Nation of New
York[57], resuelta en marzo de 2005, exactamente 50 años después de
la resolución sobre Tee-Hit-Ton. El asunto tenía que ver con una
controversia por los impuestos aplicados a las tierras ancestrales de la
nación india oneida. Durante los alegatos orales, quedó claro que el
asunto dependería de lo que opinara la Corte con respecto a la
soberanía que la nación india oneida pudiera tener sobre las tierras
ancestrales que la nación oneida había vuelto a adquirir. Para situar la
resolución de la Corte en un contexto y pronunciarse sobre la situación
de la nación india oneida en materia de soberanía, la Corte Suprema se
basó en la doctrina del descubrimiento. Así lo revela la nota 1 de pie
de página de la opinión que redactó la juez Ruth Bader Ginsberg en
nombre de la mayoría de la Corte: Con arreglo a la doctrina del
descubrimiento, escribió la juez Ginsberg, la titularidad para el
ejercicio del dominio eminente sobre las tierras que los indios ocupaban
a la llegada de los colonizadores recayó en el soberano, que primero
fue la nación europea descubridora y después los Estados originales y
los Estados Unidos. Como se documenta en el presente estudio
preliminar, la referencia de la Corte Suprema a la doctrina del
descubrimiento sitúa la resolución de la Corte sobre Sherrill v. Oneida
Indian Nation of New York en el contexto del marco de dominación que se
remonta a la época de las bulas papales del Vaticano.<br /><br /><b>VIII. Conclusión</b><br /><br />50.
En el presente estudio preliminar se ha documentado que, durante más de
500 años, la doctrina del descubrimiento ha sido mundial en su alcance y
en su aplicación. Por lo menos otros dos gobiernos, los de Australia y
el Canadá, además de los Estados Unidos, han citado la resolución sobre
Johnson v. McIntosh a fin de hacer valer la doctrina del descubrimiento
y, al hacerlo, se han referido a esta doctrina y al marco de dominación.
Los juristas no indígenas y los agentes estatales han entretejido la
doctrina del descubrimiento en el derecho internacional y la legislación
interna. En el contexto de los Estados Unidos, se trata, entre otros,
del Presidente de la Corte Suprema John Marshall, el juez Joseph Story,
Henry Wheaton, el juez John Catron, Francis Lieber, B. A. Hinsdale,
Alpheus Snow, George Grafton Wilson, el juez Stanley Reed, los abogados
que, en nombre de los Estados Unidos, prepararon el expediente sobre la
causa Tee-Hit-Ton Indians v. The United States, y la juez Ruth Bader
Ginsberg. Todos ellos se basaron en la doctrina del descubrimiento que,
como ha quedado demostrado en el presente estudio preliminar, se origina
en el marco de dominación y lo viene perpetuando, generación tras
generación, desde la era de la cristiandad y de las bulas papales del
Vaticano[58].<br /><br /><b>IX. Recomendación<br /></b><br />51. La información y
el material que figuran en el presente estudio preliminar sobre la
teoría jurídica internacional conocida como la doctrina del
descubrimiento apuntan a la necesidad de proseguir el estudio y examen
del tema y llevar a cabo una evaluación y exploración más amplia de las
cuestiones que aquí se han planteado sobre las violaciones de los
derechos inherentes de los pueblos indígenas, reconocidos en particular
en la Declaración de las Naciones Unidas sobre los derechos de los
pueblos indígenas. Recomendamos, en consecuencia, que se convoque una
reunión de un grupo de expertos internacionales que analicen en detalle
las conclusiones y consecuencias del presente estudio preliminar sobre
la doctrina del descubrimiento y presenten sus conclusiones al Foro
Permanente para las Cuestiones Indígenas en su período de sesiones
anual. </span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><i>Anexo:<br />Fuentes</i></b><br /></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br />Brandon, William. New Worlds for Old:
Reports from the New World and Their Effect on the Development of
Social Thought in Europe, 1500-1800. Athens: Ohio University Press,
1986.<br /><br />Cohen, Felix. Handbook of Federal Indian Law. Washington,
D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1942; reimpresión, Albuquerque:
University of New Mexico, 1972.<br /><br />Davenport, Francis Gardiner,
editor. European Treaties Bearing on the History of the United States
and Its Dependencies to 1648. Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Institution of
Washington, 1917.<br /><br />Deloria, Vine. Behind the Trail of Broken
Treaties: An Indian Declaration of Independence. Austin: University of
Texas Press, 1974.<br /><br />____________Conquest Masquerading as Law. En Unlearning the Language of Conquest. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2006.<br /><br />dErrico, Peter. John Marshall: Indian Lover? Journal of the West, vol. 39, núm. 3 (verano de 2000).<br /><br />Hinsdale, B. A. The Right of Discovery. Ohio Archaeological and Historical Quarterly, vol. II (1888).<br /><br />Hobbes,
Thomas. Leviathan: Or Matter, Form, and Power of a Commonwealth,
Ecclesiastical and Civil. Chicago: Encyclop?dia Britannica, Inc.,1952.<br /><br />Issac, Thomas. Aboriginal Law: Cases, Materials and Commentary. Saskatoon (Canadá): Purich Publishing, 1995.<br /><br />Lindley,
Mark F. The Acquisition and Government of Backward Territory in
International Law. Londres: Longmans, Green and Co., 1926.<br /><br />Lindqvist, Sven. Terra Nullius: A Journey Through No Ones Land. The New Press, 2007.<br /><br />Lyons,
Oren, y John Mohawk, editores. Exiled in the Land of the Free:
Democracy, Indian Nations, and the U.S. Constitution. Santa Fe, Nuevo
México: Clear Light Press, 1992.<br /><br />Naciones Unidas. State of the Worlds Indigenous Peoples. Número de venta: 09.VI.13.<br /><br />Newcomb, Steven T. Pagans in the Promised Land: Decoding the Doctrine of Christian Discovery. Fulcrum, 2008.<br /><br />__________
Pagans in the Promised Land: A Primer on Religious Freedom. American
Indian Law Alliance. Se puede consultar en www.ailanyc.org.<br /><br />__________
The Evidence of Christian Nationalism in Federal Indian Law: The
Doctrine of Discovery, Johnson v. McIntosh, and Plenary Power. En New
York University Review of Law and Social Change, vol. 20, núm. 2
(1993).<br /><br />Robertson, Lindsay G. Conquest by Law: How the Discovery
of America Dispossessed Indigenous Peoples of Their Lands. Nueva York:
Oxford University Press, 2005.<br /><br /><br />Scott, James Brown. The
Catholic Conception of International Law: Francisco de Vitoria, Founder
of the Modern Law of Nations; Francisco Suárez, Founder of the Modern
Philosophy of Law in General and In Particular of the Law of Nations.
Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1934.<br /><br />Story,
Joseph. Commentaries on the Constitution of the United States: With A
Preliminary Review of the Constitutional History of the Colonies and
States Before the Adoption of the Constitution, vol. I. De Capo Press,
1970. Reimpresión no resumida de la primera edición publicada en Boston
en 1833.<br /><br />Vattel, Emmerich. The Law of Nations; or, Principles
of the Law of Nature Applied to the Conduct and Affairs of Nations and
Sovereigns. 1758. Joseph Chitty editor, Filadelfia: T. & J. W.
Johnson Co., Law Booksellers, 1859.<br /><br />Wharton, Francis. A Digest of
International Law of the United States, vol. I. Washington, D.C.: U.S.
Government Printing Office, 1887.<br /><br />Wheaton, Henry. Elements of International Law, 3ª edición. Filadelfia: Lea and Blanchard, 1846.<br />__________
Elements of International Law, 2ª edición anotada. (Edición de William
Beach Lawrence) Londres: Sampson Low, Son and Co.; Boston: Little, Brown
and Company, 1864.<br /><br />Wilkins, David E. American Indian Sovereignty
and the United States Supreme Court: The Masking of Justice. Austin:
University of Texas Press, 1995.<br /><br />Williamson, James A. The Cabot Voyages and Bristol Discovery under Henry VII. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1962.<br /><br />Wilson, George Grafton. International Law and the Constitution. 13 Boston University Law Review (1933).<br /><br />Ziegler,
Benjamin Munn. The International Law of John Marshall: A Study of First
Principles. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1939.<br /><br /><br />Notaciones <br /><br />[1]
Juez John Catron de la Corte Suprema de Tennessee en la causa State v.
Foreman, 16 Tenn. (8 Yerg.) 256, 277 (1835). En los párrafos 5 a 17
infra se expone con mayor detenimiento la manera en que se relaciona el
fallo del juez Catron con el presente estudio preliminar. <br /><br />[2] El
vocablo latino dominium: de dominus derivado del sánscrito domanus (el
que somete) expresaba muy bien la idea de propiedad prevaleciente en el
Viejo Mundo. En latín, dominus tiene el mismo significado principal, es
decir, el que ha sometido, que de manera natural se amplía para querer
decir amo, dueño, señor, propietario. Dominium toma de dominus el
sentido de propiedad absoluta con un significado jurídico especial de
derecho real de propiedad (véase Lewis y Short, A Latin Dictionary
(edición de 1969)) Por su parte, la palabra dominatio adquiere un
sentido más amplio hasta abarcar imperio, dominio y tiene además un
significado secundario odioso de poder irrestricto, dominio absoluto,
señorío, tiranía, despotismo. El poder político surgido de la propiedad
del dominium era, de hecho, dominación (William Brandon, New Worlds
for Old (1986)). En el presente estudio preliminar, la expresión
marco de dominación se emplea en este último sentido. Las
reivindicaciones y aseveraciones de los Estados con respecto al
dominio y a la soberanía sobre los pueblos indígenas y sus tierras,
territorios y recursos provienen de estos significados funestos,
transmitidos desde la época del imperio romano, y de una historia de
deshumanización de los pueblos indígenas. Aquí radica la causa de los
problemas actuales de los pueblos indígenas en la esfera de los derechos
humanos. <br /><br />[3]En Conquest by Law, el profesor Lindsay Robertson
afirma que la resolución sobre Johnson v. McIntosh ha tenido un alcance
mundial. Continúa diciendo que en su resolución de 1984 sobre Guerin v.
The Queen, por ejemplo, la Corte Suprema del Canadá, tras citar la
resolución sobre Johnson, sostuvo que los indios tienen derecho a
ocupar y a poseer ciertas tierras cuyo dominio último corresponde a la
corona. Con arreglo a la legislación del Canadá, como también a la
legislación de los Estados Unidos, las tribus perdieron la propiedad de
sus tierras en virtud del<br />descubrimiento. Robertson menciona más
adelante que el Tribunal Superior de Australia citó la resolución sobre
Johnson en una opinión sorprendente Mabo v. Queensland en la que, si
bien se reconocieron por primera vez las reivindicaciones de tierras
formuladas por australianos indígenas, se acotaron no obstante esas
reivindicaciones al amparo de una variación de la doctrina del
descubrimiento. También en este caso, se reconoció que el soberano
europeo descubridor era el propietario de la titularidad subyacente a
las tierras indígenas. Sin embargo, el profesor Robertson no parece
cuestionar o impugnar la afirmación de que el descubrimiento dio lugar
a que las naciones y pueblos indígenas perdieran la propiedad de sus
tierras. En el contexto canadiense, en el libro Aboriginal Law de Thomas
Issac, Johnson v. McIntosh aparece bajo el epígrafe Aboriginal Title
(derechos de propiedad aborígenes) del índice. De hecho, el texto de esa
resolución es el segundo documento en el libro de Issac, después de la
Proclamación Real Británica de 1763. <br /><br />[4] En otros tiempos, los
comentaristas del derecho internacional solían utilizar el término
derecho de gentes. Vattel ofrece un ejemplo: Cuando surgen dudas
acerca de lo que es el derecho de gentes, una norma admitida ya por
todas las naciones europeas es que, por señalar los principios de la
justicia natural, todos deben invocar y observar nuestra religión común,
la cristiana, como norma inquebrantable de interpretación (Emmerich
Vattel, The Law of Nations). Henry Wheaton proporciona otro ejemplo que
viene al caso. En el prefacio de la tercera edición de su obra Elements
of International Law, Wheaton escribió en 1845: Durante la Edad Media,
los Estados cristianos de Europa empezaron a unirse y a reconocer la
obligación de un derecho internacional común a todos los que profesaran
la misma fe religiosa, y agregó que el origen del derecho de gentes en
la Europa moderna puede rastrearse, en consecuencia, a dos fuentes
principales: el derecho canónico y el derecho civil romano. En el
presente estudio preliminar se utilizan frases como los Estados
cristianos de Europa o las naciones cristianas de Europa porque
corresponden a la terminología realmente en uso en la época en que se
formuló la doctrina. <br /><br />[5] Thomas Erskine Holland, Studies in International Law (Oxford, At the Clarendon Press, 1898). <br /><br />[6]
El Presidente de los Estados Unidos, Andrew Jackson, nombró a Catron
juez de la Corte Suprema del país en marzo de 1837. Por consiguiente,
Catron fue trasladado al más alto tribunal en el sistema estadounidense,
junto con su influencia y su forma de pensar. <br /><br />[7] Véase la nota
1. Catron enunció además el alcance mundial de la doctrina del
descubrimiento y del marco de dominación en los siguientes términos:
Que desde el Cabo de Hornos hasta la Bahía de Hudson, es la única norma
conocida de poder soberano mediante la cual se ejerce coerción sobre el
indio nativo. Nuestra reivindicación se basa en el derecho a obligar a
obedecer. Puede que el moralista la denuncie, a lo que nosotros
respondemos que es la<br /><br />legislación nacional. <br /><br />[8] Por
potencias cristianas se entiende lo que antiguamente se conocía como
los Estados miembros de la familia de naciones. En el Websters New
International Dictionary of the English Language, se cita al
especialista en derecho internacional Thomas Erskine Holland que, a
propósito del término familia de naciones, dijo que puede afirmarse
que comprende a las naciones cristianas de Europa y sus ramas en
América, a las que hay que agregar el imperio otomano, que fue admitido
en el concierto europeo en virtud del tratado de París de 1856. Dentro
de este círculo de los elegidos, al que ahora el Japón también
reivindica su derecho a ingresar, todos los Estados son iguales, de
conformidad con la teoría del derecho internacional. En el mismo
volumen figura la siguiente definición: Familia de naciones. El
conjunto de Estados (originalmente, las naciones cristianas de Europa)
que, como resultado de sus antecedentes históricos, han heredado una
civilización común y se sitúan en un nivel similar de opinión moral y
política o que, según lo reconocen esos Estados, se sitúan en ese
nivel. <br /><br />[9] Véase Francis Gardiner Davenport, European Treaties. Las citas que figuran en los párrafos 8 a 17 infra son de Davenport. <br /><br />[10]
La doctrina del descubrimiento fue producto de una época en que no se
consideraba humanos a los pueblos no cristianos. Como lo señaló Henry
Wheaton en su obra Elements of International Law, las naciones paganas
de todos los demás rincones no cristianos del mundo eran presa y botín
legítimos de sus conquistadores civilizados. <br /><br />[11] También se utilizaban los términos bárbaros y salvajes. Véanse asimismo las notas 3 y 7 supra. <br /><br />[12]
A los fines del presente estudio, el término etnocidio abarca las
consecuencias destructivas que para los pueblos acarrea su expulsión
de sus tierras y territorios tradicionales, en violación de su
integridad humana y de sus derechos humanos. <br /><br />[13] El concepto de recuerdo perpetuo coincide con el hecho de que el Papa Nicolás V expidió su concesión para siempre. <br /><br />[14]
La definición de someter revela que el verbo evoca y conlleva el
marco de dominación: conquistar por la fuerza y por un poder superior y
sojuzgar: Vencer, Aplastar. El adjetivo sometido significa tener
bajo control o sojuzgado por la fuerza militar. (Websters Third
International Dictionary of the English Language Unabridged, 1993). El
que somete o que ha logrado someter es el que asume una posición de
dominación. Este término, por su parte, nos<br /><br />lleva a una posición
dominante en un orden de fuerza. Y, por último, dominante nos lleva
a una posición de superioridad, de control o de supremacía sobre todos
los demás por motivos de fuerza o poder superior. Thomas Hobbes, en
Leviathan, declaró que el dominio adquirido por conquista o victoria en
la guerra es aquel que algunos escritores denominan despótico. Estima
que el término proviene de la palabra griega que significa señor o amo
y dice que el dominio despótico es el que ejerce el amo sobre su
sirviente. <br /><br />[15] En este contexto, la palabra facultad
significa la capacidad de actuar o hacer. Por ende, el Papa Nicolás
decía que la Santa Sede, en virtud de su autorización previa, había
otorgado al Rey Alfonso la capacidad de invadir, buscar, [y] vencer. <br /><br />[16]
Websters Third International Dictionary. Invadir las tierras de otros
pueblos y pretender apropiarse de ellas es realizar un acto de
apropiación ilícita de los bienes ajenos (en inglés, conversion). En
Blacks Law Dictionary (5ª edición) figura la siguiente definición de
ese vocablo inglés: La arrogación ilegítima y el ejercicio del derecho
de propiedad sobre bienes o efectos personales pertenecientes a otro,
para alterar su condición o con fines de exclusión de los derechos del
otro. Todo acto ilegítimo que priva de sus bienes a un propietario de
manera permanente o por tiempo indefinido. El ejercicio ilegítimo e
ilegal de dominio y control sobre los bienes personales de otro, con
fines de exclusión de los derechos del propietario o de forma
incompatible con esos derechos. Desde la perspectiva de los pueblos
indígenas, las arrogaciones y los actos de las potencias europeas
cristianas destinados a invadirlos, capturarlos, vencerlos y
someterlos y apoderarse de todos sus bienes muebles e inmuebles eran
ilegítimos e ilegales según los regímenes jurídicos indígenas e
incompatibles con los derechos inherentes y originales de los
propietarios. <br /><br />[17] Véase Patrick Thornberry, Human Rights and
Indigenous Peoples (Manchester University Press, 2002). Véase también el
informe preliminar del Relator Especial de la Comisión de Derechos
Humanos, José Martínez Cobo, de 29 de junio de 1972
(E/CN.4/Sub.2/L.566). <br /><br />[18] Folleto informativo núm. 9 (Rev.1)
titulado Los derechos de los pueblos indígenas, relacionado con el
programa de actividades del Decenio Internacional de las Poblaciones
Indígenas del Mundo (1995-2004) (resolución 50/157 de la Asamblea
General, anexo). <br /><br />[19] Véase la nota 12 supra. <br /><br />[20] Según
el uso que se da al término en el presente estudio preliminar, por
lingüicidio se entiende la historia de las leyes y las políticas
puestas en práctica en un afán por destruir las lenguas de los pueblos
indígenas. <br /><br />[21] Study on the problem of discrimination of
indigenous populations (Estudio de la discriminación contra las
poblaciones indígenas) (E/CN.4/Sub.2/476 y adiciones;<br /><br />E/CN.4/Sub.2/1982/2
y adiciones; E/CN.4/Sub.2/1983/21 y adiciones). Se puede consultar en
www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/en/spdaip.html. <br /><br />[22] En la
legislación indígena federal de los Estados Unidos, el marco de
dominación suele denominarse doctrina de facultades plenarias. Con
arreglo a la Constitución de los Estados Unidos, la reglamentación de
las relaciones del Gobierno con los indios americanos corresponde
exclusivamente al Gobierno federal, y no a los gobiernos estatales. La
atribución del Congreso para promulgar leyes sobre asuntos que atañen a
los indios americanos suele denominarse las facultades plenarias del
Congreso, lo que da lugar a una expresión de uso corriente: El
Congreso tiene facultades plenarias sobre los asuntos indios. El marco
de dominación queda plasmado en la frase: El Congreso tiene facultades
plenarias sobre las naciones o tribus indias (véase Wilkins, American
Indian Sovereignty). <br /><br />[23] Véase, en general, Felix Cohen, Handbook of Federal Indian Law <br /><br />[24]
Los inicios del derecho jurisprudencial indígena federal en los Estados
Unidos suelen denominarse Trilogía Marshall, que consta de tres
resoluciones de la Corte Suprema dictadas bajo la conducción de su
Presidente John Marshall: se trata de Johnsons Lessee v. McIntosh8
Wheat. 543 (1823); Cherokee Nation v. Georgia 30 U.S. 1 (1831); y
Worcester v. Georgia 31 U.S. 515 (1832). El análisis de las tres causas
rebasa el ámbito del presente estudio preliminar. Sin embargo, por ahora
es importante señalar que en Worcester v. Georgia, el Presidente de la
Corte Suprema Marshall modificó la opinión que había expresado en la
resolución sobre Johnson, en la medida en que se aplicaba en lo
individual a estados de los Estados Unidos. En Worcester, por ejemplo,
Marshall dijo que la doctrina del descubrimiento no podía anular los
derechos previos de quienes no habían estado de acuerdo con esa
doctrina. Dicho de otro modo, el descubrimiento no podía ser la causa
de que los derechos indios dejaran de existir. Marshall declaró además
que el principio del descubrimiento no podía afectar los derechos de
quienes ya tuvieran posesión de la tierra. Por problemas de espacio, no
es posible examinar las consecuencias de estas afirmaciones. En todo
caso, es la resolución sobre Johnson y no sobre Worcester la que en
reiteradas ocasiones se ha caracterizado por sentar las bases
conceptuales de la titularidad india en los Estados Unidos de América.
<br /><br />[25] Lindsay Robertson, Conquest by Law. La expresión producir
un efecto se refiere a un acto de colusión entre dos partes para
producir un efecto determinado en un tribunal. Las dos partes sólo
fingían que había un pleito entre ellas para lograr que el asunto
llegara al sistema judicial estadounidense. <br /><br />[26] Robertson, Conquest by Law. <br /><br />[27] Ibíd. <br /><br />[28] Peter dErrico, John Marshall: Indian Lover?. <br /><br />[29] Johnson v. McIntosh en 576. <br /><br />[30]
En el expediente sobre la causa Tee-Hit-Ton se hizo referencia a este
concepto cuando los abogados que representaban a los Estados Unidos
argumentaron que el derecho de ocupación por parte de los indios
solo lo retenían los indios por gracia del soberano. Véanse párrafos
41 a 49 infra. <br /><br />[31] Johnson v. McIntosh en 574. <br /><br />[32] Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan, cap. XVI. <br /><br />[33] La forma en que se emplean los términos dominio último y derecho de posesión en los<br /><br />Estados
Unidos como conceptos del derecho de los bienes remite nuevamente el
examen de la cuestión a la etimología de dominium según Willian Brandon:
poder irrestricto, dominio absoluto, señorío, tiranía, despotismo. El
poder político surgido de bienes dominio era, de hecho, dominación
(véase la nota 2 supra). <br /><br />[34] Francis Wharton, A Digest of International Law of the United States, vol. I. <br /><br />[35]
Muchos consideran que el teólogo español Francisco de Vitoria es el
padre del derecho internacional. En sus conferencias en la Universidad
de Salamanca, examinaba la cuestión de los derechos de propiedad por
descubrimiento. Su conclusión era que no había necesidad de abundar
mucho sobre esa forma de derechos de propiedad porque los bárbaros eran
los verdaderos propietarios de sus tierras, tanto desde el punto de
vista público como privado. Los partidarios y defensores de la doctrina
del descubrimiento y del marco de dominación han hecho caso omiso del
convincente análisis de Vitoria al respecto (James Brown Scott, The
Catholic Conception of International Law). <br /><br />[36] Joseph Story, Commentaries on the Constitution of the United States. <br /><br />[37]
Steven T. Newcomb, Pagans in the Promised Land. Salvo indicación en
contrario, las citas que figuran en los párrafos 35 y 36 son de Newcomb.
<br /><br />[38] Se atribuye a Francis Lieber el mérito de haber concebido
la creación del Institut de droit international. Se convirtió en asesor
del Presidente Abraham Lincoln durante la guerra civil en los Estados
Unidos, y colaboró con el Departamento de Guerra de la Unión y con el
Presidente Lincoln en la redacción de directrices jurídicas para el
Ejército de la Unión. Su código, conocido como Código Lieber, llegó a
ser adoptado por otras organizaciones militares en el mundo y más
adelante sería la base del derecho de guerra. <br /><br />[39] B. A. Hinsdale, The Right of Discovery. <br /><br />[40]
La contribución de Story a la Enciclopædia de Lieber consistió en
trabajos no firmados sobre el derecho natural y sobre el derecho
estadounidense e inglés. <br /><br />[41] En una nota de pie de página Story
escribió: Ut fides Catholica, et Christiana Religio nostris
praesertim temporibus exaltetur, &c., ac barbarae nationes
deprimantur, et ad fidem ipsam reducantur, es lo que dice la bula. 1
Haz. Coll. 3. La traducción del latín sería: Entre otras obras muy del
agrado de la Divina Majestad y apreciables para nosotros, esta ocupa
sin duda el lugar principal, que en nuestra era la fe católica y la
religión cristiana en especial se exalten y por todas partes se
extiendan y propaguen, que se procure la salud de las almas y que las
naciones bárbaras sean derrocadas y convertidas a la fe (Davenport).
Con el uso del vocablo latino deprimatur se evoca el marco de dominación
por su doble significado de derrocadas y subyugadas. <br /><br />[42] 42 El texto en cursivas es una cita literal y sin comillas tomada de la resolución sobre Johnson v. McIntosh. <br /><br />[43]
Aquí Story citó el volumen 3 de la obra del Presidente de la Corte
Suprema John Marshall, A History of the Colonies (3 Marshall, Hist. Col.
13, 14). La obra de Marshall fue publicada en 1824, pocos meses después
de la resolución sobre Johnson v. McIntosh. <br /><br />[44] En la mención
que hace Story de la bula papal de 1493 queda reflejado el marco de
dominación tal como se desprende del texto en latín de una bula papal
expedida por el Papa Alejandro VI, que el autor cita. El Papa, por
ejemplo, exhortó a que las naciones no cristianas, naciones
bárbaras, fueran subyugadas y a que se propagara el imperio
cristiano (Davenport). Además, la Santa Sede declaró en la bula Inter
Catera: Confiamos en Él, de quien proceden los imperios, los gobiernos y
todas las cosas buenas (ibíd.). Esta frase es compatible con el marco
de dominación como lo revela el equivalente en latín de gobiernos,
esto es, dominationes. <br /><br />[45] Johnson v. McIntosh en 596. La cita de Story en el párrafo 37 supra se vincula a la doctrina de terra nullius. <br /><br />[46] Benjamin Munn Ziegler, The International Law of John Marshall. <br /><br />[47]
George Grafton Wilson, International Law and the Constitution, 13
B.U.L. Rev. 234 (1933). La afirmación de Wilson en el sentido de que
el descubrimiento de tierras previamente desconocidas para los
cristianos otorgaba al descubridor cristiano el derecho de tomar
posesión de esas tierras es compatible con la afirmación de Thomas
Hobbes, ya mencionada, de que al derecho de posesión se le llama
dominación. Dicho de otro modo, dominio. <br /><br />[48] Tee-Hit-Ton Indians v. The United States 348 U.S. 272 (1955). <br /><br />[49]
49 David Wilkins, American Indian Sovereignty and the U.S. Supreme
Court: La superficie reclamada por los tee-hit-ton abarcaba
aproximadamente 357.802 acres de tierra y 150 millas cuadradas de agua.
Habían habitado en esa región durante miles de años y las tribus vecinas
reconocían que la superficie en cuestión era propiedad de los
tee-hit-ton. El territorio tradicional de los tlingit se localiza en la
pluviselva templada de la costa sudoriental de Alaska y el
archipiélago Alexander. Los tlingit del interior habitan en el extremo
noroeste de lo que ahora se conoce como la provincia de Columbia
Británica y la zona meridional del Territorio del Yukón, en el Canadá. <br /><br />[50] Wilkins, American Indian Sovereignty. <br /><br />[51] Expediente con los argumentos de los Estados Unidos en Tee-Hit-Ton Indians v. The United States. <br /><br />[52] Aquí, los abogados que actuaban en nombre de los Estados Unidos citaron la obra de Lindley,<br /><br />The Acquisition and Government of Backward Territory in International Law (1926).<br /><br />53 329 U.S. 40 (1946). <br /><br />[53] 329 U.S. 40 (1946). <br /><br />[54] Véase la nota 1 supra. <br /><br />[55]
El juez Reed hizo referencia a Johnson v. McIntosh y a la obra de Henry
Wheaton, Elements of International Law. Henry Wheaton (1785-1848) fue
un abogado y diplomático estadounidense. Era el relator de las
resoluciones de la Corte Suprema de los Estados Unidos cuando se dictó
el fallo correspondiente a Johnson v. McIntosh. Publicó la primera
edición de su obra Elements of International Law en 1836. En la
resolución sobre Tee-Hit-Ton, el juez Stanley Reed se refirió al
capítulo V del libro de Wheaton. Sin embargo, el capítulo V no contiene
ningún elemento que pudiera guardar relación con lo que está en juego en
Tee-Hit-Ton. Es en la sección 5 del capítulo IV de Elements donde
Wheaton se ocupó de la información histórica sobre los derechos de
propiedad en el derecho internacional. En su exposición, Wheaton abarcó
la resolución sobre Johnson v. McIntosh, la bula papal de 1493, las
cédulas reales de Inglaterra y el derecho o doctrina del descubrimiento.
También puso en cursivas la palabra cristiano, como lo había hecho el
juez Marshall, Presidente de la Corte Suprema, en la resolución sobre
Johnson. Véase Newcomb, Pagans in the Promised Land. <br /><br />[56] Wheaton, Elements of International Law, 3ª edición. <br /><br />[57] City of Sherrill v. Oneida Indian Nation of New York, 125 S. Ct. 1478, 148384 (2005). <br /><br />[58]
El juez Joseph Story, en particular, empleaba con precisión los
conceptos que evocan el marco de dominación. Decía, por ejemplo, que
los descubridores europeos reclamaban y ejercían el derecho a conferir
el suelo que estaba en posesión de los nativos, aunque sujeto ello al
derecho de ocupación de los nativos; y era universalmente admitido
[por los descubridores europeos] que la concesión otorgaba a los
beneficiarios el dominio eminente sobre el suelo o, como a veces se
expresa en los tratados de derecho público, se trataba de una
transferencia de plenum et utile dominium. Esta afirmación nos remite, a
su vez, a la etimología de los vocablos que figuran en la nota 2 supra.
En su obra The Acquisition and Government of Backward Territories,
Lindley explica el empleo del término secular descubridores europeos
por parte de Story: Más tarde, se estableció una distinción entre las
tierras ya ocupadas por los europeos y las que no estaban ocupadas por
ellos, aunque, en realidad, venía a ser la misma distinción que antes se
hacía entre las tierras.<br /><br /></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRGJQFE7e4P1TVLPjtc3D0g4r9VyOY3aT2s82CBuvrJYjgxuI2WOD-Q1f9trbuYeJZ_39SQ-i-EI8mtMwkhrorvcwBReIAoiS9A5YCYg4TwvYrhmd8cw5Tjb5JXKBaDHFxb8wD8HPqzXZQk2zmg81yCYybaj9cJQ_5rQTXf4Swlmyq9up0CA-hU_7N0Q/s599/Image%209-7-19%20at%2012.49%20PM.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="599" data-original-width="453" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRGJQFE7e4P1TVLPjtc3D0g4r9VyOY3aT2s82CBuvrJYjgxuI2WOD-Q1f9trbuYeJZ_39SQ-i-EI8mtMwkhrorvcwBReIAoiS9A5YCYg4TwvYrhmd8cw5Tjb5JXKBaDHFxb8wD8HPqzXZQk2zmg81yCYybaj9cJQ_5rQTXf4Swlmyq9up0CA-hU_7N0Q/w484-h640/Image%209-7-19%20at%2012.49%20PM.jpg" width="484" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span><p></p></div></div>chantlacahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15255116987351106636noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3242193371915035457.post-75124264295621619232021-01-22T18:07:00.004-08:002021-01-22T18:11:21.250-08:00"If we are going to heal, we must remember..." <p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQvZi7nfzAHdATapggGZ8wi3FAOvWE95kxQ93-9UMS9NYminfudJrf1hG_YuguLRKOkt5C8eEXekQaxJKU6o_1MWdgW5QbTCqAtByuxyh9pdU-vPKRjMVOfUxiyRTvbi699BUQ0OIbfo7X/s772/41C51C71-69EC-44BA-8936-F9A7FE278FBC_1_201_a.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="772" data-original-width="575" height="727" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQvZi7nfzAHdATapggGZ8wi3FAOvWE95kxQ93-9UMS9NYminfudJrf1hG_YuguLRKOkt5C8eEXekQaxJKU6o_1MWdgW5QbTCqAtByuxyh9pdU-vPKRjMVOfUxiyRTvbi699BUQ0OIbfo7X/w541-h727/41C51C71-69EC-44BA-8936-F9A7FE278FBC_1_201_a.jpeg" width="541" /></a></div>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 18pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">The War of 1812 and the European Colonization of Africa
and the Americas</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 18pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><br />
Collusion and Competition</span><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif" style="color: yellow; font-size: 20pt;"></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 18pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">at the service of</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 18pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Corporate Imperialism<br />
1776-2021</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif" style="color: yellow; font-size: 20pt;"><br />
</span><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif" style="font-size: 20pt;">In the
War of 1812, the British promised refuge to any enslaved Black people who
escaped their enslavers, raising fears among White Americans of a large-scale
revolt. The final provocation was that men who escaped their bonds of slavery
were welcome to join the British Corps of Colonial Marines in exchange for land
after their service. As many as 4,000 people, mostly from Virginia and
Maryland, escaped. Some of them participated in the burning of the White House
in 1814.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif" style="font-size: 20pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif" style="font-size: 20pt;">The British kept their word to Colonial
Marines after the war, refusing the United States’ demand that they be returned
and providing them land in the Caribbean island colony of Trinidad and Tobago
to resettle with their families. The Island colony had only been under British
control for a decade, having transitioned from the original colonial occupation
of Spain, the Dutch, and finally the French. The Original Nations of the
Indigenous Peoples of the islands have been victims of the systematic international
pogrom of genocide and impunity across the Caribbean that is ongoing today.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif" style="font-size: 20pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif" style="font-size: 20pt;">Francis Scott Key, author of the
Star-Spangled Banner which was presented in Hollywood spectacle at the Biden
inauguration on January 20th, was from a wealthy plantation family and enslaved
people. He spoke of Black people as “a distinct and inferior race” and
supported emancipating the enslaved only if they were immediately shipped to
Africa.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif" style="font-size: 20pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif" style="font-size: 20pt;">During the Andrew Jackson administration, Key
served as the district attorney for Washington, D.C., where he spent much of
his time shoring up enslavers’ power. He strictly enforced slave laws and
prosecuted abolitionists who passed out pamphlets mocking his jurisdiction as
the “land of the free, home of the oppressed.”</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif" style="font-size: 20pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif" style="font-size: 20pt;">“The elevation of the banner from popular
song to official national anthem was a neo-Confederate political victory, and
it was celebrated as such. When supporters threw a victory parade in Baltimore
in June 1931, the march was led by a color guard hoisting the <span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">Confederate flag.”</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 20pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><i><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Source: Wikipedia</span></i></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><i><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif" style="color: yellow; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></i></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Key Concept: Intellectual Slavery</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">From the Divine Right of Kings </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">to the </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Divine Right of States<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Historical Amnesia</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">and the</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 24pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Institutionalization of Ignorance<br /><br /></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNoBVEQv2ikuON1_zw5_LFtS7QMZ-0gUawa1FDzvffCkrGQM7SbNKKcf0rDSVt5LkfWS4Bap_JYWC9YW_NpvYOZnMs8W9FUk-Y3DlYoMa_Fe5NQHdKxeNJVZZyyciColrcdhgI7u6vhrcq/s1600/IMG_4850.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1477" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNoBVEQv2ikuON1_zw5_LFtS7QMZ-0gUawa1FDzvffCkrGQM7SbNKKcf0rDSVt5LkfWS4Bap_JYWC9YW_NpvYOZnMs8W9FUk-Y3DlYoMa_Fe5NQHdKxeNJVZZyyciColrcdhgI7u6vhrcq/w370-h400/IMG_4850.JPG" width="370" /></a></b></div><b><br /></b><p></p><h1 class="
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" data-qa="headline" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2020/10/18/star-spangled-banner-racist-national-anthem/" target="_blank">The ugly reason ‘The Star-Spangled Banner’ didn’t become our national anthem for a century </a></h1><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif" style="font-size: 20pt;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></p>
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{page:WordSection1;}</style><p></p>chantlacahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15255116987351106636noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3242193371915035457.post-3924914950379245212021-01-07T12:34:00.002-08:002021-01-07T12:37:51.295-08:00Western Shoshone Self Determination and the Doctrine of Discovery<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">Western Shoshone Self Determination
and the Doctrine of Discovery<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></b></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">Inter
American Commission on Human Rights</span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">Organization
of American States</span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">Western
Shoshone Nation v. United States of America</span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">Re: Mary
and Cary Dann, Case 11.140</span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgikGElMpUbkGwx2k3Sivs7IQvjAEvgeAuVqIA87tK1m_SeoJfhXg8mDDDKuA9-GibgxSPds2d6OssIW1fzPP048sQzOpRPX2hsslvCaZD3PoybAydz8bCEy2BFTtFN6dxRvbV2KPzXOFHa/s402/Western+Shoshone.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="402" data-original-width="250" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgikGElMpUbkGwx2k3Sivs7IQvjAEvgeAuVqIA87tK1m_SeoJfhXg8mDDDKuA9-GibgxSPds2d6OssIW1fzPP048sQzOpRPX2hsslvCaZD3PoybAydz8bCEy2BFTtFN6dxRvbV2KPzXOFHa/w398-h640/Western+Shoshone.gif" width="398" /></a></span></span></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><br /></span></span></span><p></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif"> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">The
legal position of the US government in the Western Shoshone case before the
IACHR is a narrative of racial supremacy and animus towards the Indigenous
Peoples that pretends to argue that the “gradual encroachment” of US settler
state constituents over Western Shoshone traditional territories is a legal
justification for dispossession and environmental destruction.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Encroachment” is not a valid legal theory,
it is only an excuse, in this case a bad excuse.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Besides the fact that encroachment presumes a
recognized right of possession over what is being encroached upon, in this case
Western Shoshone Territories affirmed in the 1863 Treaty of Ruby Valley, the
action of encroachment never eliminates this preceding underlying interest.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Encroachment of the settler state domestic
system of fee simple patent of private individual property interests only
subverts the underlying and persisting Indigenous title and rights or imposes
upon it in the form of a subsequent (in time) set of interests.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif"> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">The
“<b>gradual encroachment</b>” theory in the Western Shoshone case by the US
government is the evil twin of the theory of “<b>laches</b>” that the state of
New York used against the Onondaga Nation when it attempted to correct a
similar territorial issue of international import before the US Supreme Court
in 2016.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Both theories contemplate an
extended a period of time, one forwards and the other backwards, and
officialize this version of settler state history, ignoring and subverting the
historical evidence of the territorial responsibilities and rights of the <b>Original
Nations</b> of <b>Indigenous Peoples</b> of the territories in question.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These cases are classic narratives of
description of the jurisprudence of the Forked Tongue Folk when it comes to
Indigenous Peoples, where law is practiced but justice is never delivered.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif"> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">Historically,
just as the <b>Haudenosaunee Confederacy</b> saw the arrival and departure of
the Dutch and the French in their territories, the Shoshone Nation also saw the
coming and going of Spain and Mexico. New York was originally called New
Amsterdam by these folks, and Nevada is a term that originates in the Spanish
geography of the Empire of New Spain which the Republic of Mexico integrated
into the formation of the Republic of Mexico in 1821.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif"> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">In
the Western Shoshone case, the United States claims that the title to the land
in question was ceded to the United States by Mexico in 1848, subject to
occupancy by the Native Americans.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif"> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">Before
proceeding further, clarifications are required, contemporary principles of
international justice and non-discrimination must be established:</span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif"> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">All
subsequent arguments by the US government in the Western Shoshone case presume
that the legal validity of the “<b>title to the land in question</b>” ceded to
the US by the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848) with Mexico is unquestioned,
has never been questioned, and never will be questioned in a venue of
jurisdiction where the principle of justice is the law that governs the rules.
Not just the law of the rulers.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif"> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">United Nations Commission on Human
Rights</span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">Sub Commission on Prevention of
Discrimination and Protection of Minorities</span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">HUMAN RIGHTS OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES</span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif"> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">Study on treaties, agreements and
other constructive arrangements between States and indigenous populations</span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif"> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">“<b><i>The concept of the ‘rule of
law’ began to traverse a long path, today in a new phase, towards
transformation into ‘the law of the rulers’</i></b>.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">Final report by Miguel Alfonso
Martínez, Special Rapporteur</span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">22 June 1999</span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif"> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">The
United States maintains that the 1863 Treaty of Ruby Valley with the United
States and the Western Shoshone is an agreement to end hostilities between them
and live amicably. The United States claims that subsequent to the treaty with
the Western Shoshone it treated certain lands within the area at issue as lands
of the United States.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif"> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">The
“<b>treatment</b>” of Shoshone ancestral territories by inscription into the
public land patent system of the US real estate system of dominion originates
in the Common Law of England, exemplified by the enclosures of the crown.
According to this claim, the process is identified in the Western Shoshone case
as “<b>inverse condemnation</b>” via the gradual encroachment of settler state
constituents encouraged to move into the territory by the US government.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif"> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">This
line of argument has been upheld in the US courts by decisions that affirm
extinguishment of Shoshone land title by the inverse condemnation of gradual
encroachment, and the claim that the Treaty of Ruby Valley “was not intended to
acknowledge Shoshone title to lands covered by it.” </span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif"> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">In
terms of the proceedings within the US Indian Claims Commission’s case
regarding the Shoshone territories referenced in the 1863 Treaty of Ruby
Valley, the <b>fraudulent</b> claim of extinguishment in 1872 is compounded by
the attempts of the US government to hide the racist and discriminatory nature
of the bureaucratic dispossession of Indigenous Peoples from their ancestral
homelands in the Indian Claims Commission proceedings.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Against these forces of extinguishment,
expropriation and exploitation, the Dann sisters, Mary and Carrie, gave their
entire lives in full force of battle as indigenous women of the Western
Shoshone Nation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mary Dann passed away
in 2005 and Carrie Dann has now joined her sister in the Spirit World in
January of 2021.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif"> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">The
IACHR issued a report in 2002 condemning the United States for violating the
Dann sisters' human rights, rejecting the United States' argument that its
denial of continuing Western Shoshone rights was in accordance with U.S. law.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The IACHR also noted the <b>inadequacy</b> of
the <b>historical rationale</b> for the <b>presumed</b> taking of Western
Shoshone land and also cited the United States' failure to apply the same just
compensation standard ordinarily applied for the taking of property interests
under U.S. law to the Western Shoshone.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif"> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">Yet
in none of these proceedings and determinations has the legal issue which is
the contextual core of the dispute been raised that could clarify the
fundamental question:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif"> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.3in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">Specifically, what is the legal
foundation for the claim that the government of Mexico in 1848 had
authorization to transfer valid land title and jurisdiction, in this case over
Western Shoshone territory, to the US government?<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">The US-Mexico
international border is today a fully functioning instrument of empire. It is
simultaneously a 2,000-mile-long scar and an open wound. The border is a
militarized monument to white supremacy formulated and made necessary by the
racist ideology of American Manifest Destiny, both in its historical expression
which was the motivation for the war with Mexico in 1846, and its present
contemporary “Festering Destiny” extrapolation in the form of the “Trump Wall”
border project. The pathological racist tenets of Manifest Destiny, both past
and present, are rooted in the false narrative of cultural supremacy of
Christendom, whose geopolitical context of “America” has been informed,
normalized, and institutionalized by the Doctrine of Discovery. The historical
meme of collective cognition being Christopher Columbus and the date of October
12, 1492 (Gregorian). </span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif"><br />
<br />
The US government had announced its intention to recognize the independence of
the Spanish-American colonies in 1822, Spain did not recognize Mexico's
independence until the Santa María–Calatrava Treaty of December 28, 1836. This
was the first case in which the Spanish monarchy acknowledged the independence
of a state that had been erected within the limits of her former colonial
empire in the New World."</span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif"> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">Under
the terms of the Santa María–Calatrava Treaty of December 28, 1836 the
dominions of Mexico were to be comprised of the former Viceroyalty of New
Spain, the captaincy-general of Yucatan, the commandancies of the eastern and
the western interior provinces, lower and upper California, along with the
annexed territories and adjacent islands.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The source of the original purported territorial claim by the
Viceroyalty of New Spain in Mexico which was transferred to the Mexico was the
royal charters given to Columbus by the monarchy of Spain in 1492 and affirmed
from the pinnacle of the imperial structure of Christendom (the Vatican) by
Pope Alexander VI via the Papal Bull Inter Caetera of 1493.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif"> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">As
recently as 2016, the Indigenous Peoples of Mexico have called upon the Vatican
State and Pope Francis to repudiate the Doctrine of Discovery and revoke the
Papal Bull Inter Caetera of Pope Alexander VI 1493 as the basis for the legal
concept of "original property of the nation", under which the current
government of the Republic of Mexico presumes to make delivery of the
territories of the Original Nations of Indigenous Peoples to national and
international industries for resource extraction, mining and neo-extractivism
in general in violation of the right of Free, Prior and Informed Consent
(FPIC).</span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif"> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif"> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif"> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">#WhiteSupremacyAndTheDoctrineOfDiscovery</span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">DISMANTLING</span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">the</span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif">Doctrine of Discovery</span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif"> </span></span></span></p>
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{page:WordSection1;}</style></p>chantlacahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15255116987351106636noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3242193371915035457.post-16666366352490685332020-06-25T11:04:00.003-07:002020-12-19T04:13:51.162-08:00NLG Webinar: "Dismantling the Doctrine of Discovery: Decolonization & Indigenous Self-Determination"<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">PRC/EHRC
Webinar Series via Zoom:</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Thurs. 6/25 7
pm EST</span><b><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> <br /></span><span style="color: #990000;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">YouTube:</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZUM6R5rMbss&feature=emb_logo" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">"Dismantling
the Doctrine of Discovery:</span></b></span></a></div><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZUM6R5rMbss&feature=emb_logo" target="_blank">
</a><div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZUM6R5rMbss&feature=emb_logo" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Decolonization & Indigenous
Self-Determination"</span></b></span></a></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span><style><font size="5"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkA9F-IfhoCn5Rn1okcKKywdsVx7aM1NEf6-bNS8sgoos3a0pML31zaXG4mmj2TPV8vt4uXDA7vIGu1nWTBZqFREnJh1uu0sJS63vJhW1NUuf-5DDuQKyITLFYy5SoZOHyghPy9Imf8f0Z/s1600/A1F7A879-FD1A-444D-B2A9-6DE03016745E_1_201_a.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="608" data-original-width="881" height="220" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkA9F-IfhoCn5Rn1okcKKywdsVx7aM1NEf6-bNS8sgoos3a0pML31zaXG4mmj2TPV8vt4uXDA7vIGu1nWTBZqFREnJh1uu0sJS63vJhW1NUuf-5DDuQKyITLFYy5SoZOHyghPy9Imf8f0Z/s320/A1F7A879-FD1A-444D-B2A9-6DE03016745E_1_201_a.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: large;">Guest speaker, Tupac Enrique Acosta from TONATIERRA in Phoenix, Arizona,
will speak in this foundational webinar kicking-off our webinar series,
laying the groundwork for understanding the importance of
decolonization and exploring the impacts of neocolonialism.
Discussion on US Mexico Canada Agreement (USMCA) and forced
disappearance of the 43 Ayotzinapa students on September 26, 2014.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span>
<br />
<div data-contents="true">
<div data-block="true" data-editor="f2377" data-offset-key="em0vf-0-0" style="text-align: center;">
<div class="_1mf _1mj" data-offset-key="em0vf-0-0">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="http://doctrineofdiscoveryforum.blogspot.com/2015/"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><b><span data-offset-key="em0vf-0-0"><span data-text="true">Elements of Process: A Dismantling Methodology</span></span></b></span></a></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>1)</b><b> Information</b>: Search, Research, Intake, Absorb, Share. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>2)</b><b> Consciousness</b>:
Develop a personal critical consciousness on the issues which are pervaded by
the institutionalization of the Doctrine of Discovery from the local-regional,
continental-global context.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>3)</b><b> Reveal</b>:
Create a shared community understanding on how the dehumanizing principles of
the Doctrine of Discovery are relevant today and continue to provide the
cultural framework for the ongoing colonization and genocide of the Original
Nations of this continent, the Great Turtle Island Abya Yala.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>4)</b><b> Take a
position</b>. Denounce and repudiate the Doctrine of Discovery and the
underlying pathological schema of patriarchy: DOMINATION.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif">5) DISMANTLE:
Take action, and follow through with inter-generational decolonization
strategies.</span></b></span></div>
</div>
<br /></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #660000;"><span face=""arial black" , sans-serif">***</span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>YouTube:</b></div>
<div dir="ltr">
<h3 style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v%3DS6t2esf1Hgk&source=gmail&ust=1593193177828000&usg=AFQjCNGqthgfyc81To72TKdhprOIcJbf7g" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S6t2esf1Hgk" target="_blank"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial black" , sans-serif">Tupac at North with West</span></span></a></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span dir="auto"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">"If you want to stay in America you might just get deported back into colonization, however, we're headed toward Liberation!"
</span><br />
</span></span></h3>
<h3 style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span dir="auto">Tupac Enrique Acosta</span></span></h3>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"> October 2, 2010 North High School Auditorium, Phoenix, AZ</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #990000;"><span face=""arial black" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.tonatierra.org&source=gmail&ust=1593193177828000&usg=AFQjCNE_YzEZALh08z7DFrEWlfK_ovfeQw" href="http://www.tonatierra.org/" target="_blank">TONATIERRA</a></b></span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #990000;"><span face=""arial black" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><br />
</b></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAKmT2IVDYBQZPzcxNF3GSmkkLWz8fYlu57moULjB8esPsJDKggdHhH71P9obzLzM9nhUbl1ErpiiMa4DlYaX-RCgGlbdJ8j-34QdFBfq8eI8OM18uLjfo55oecknJAMCARtXPJ3kxjYQ0/s1600/Image+9-7-19+at+12.49+PM.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="599" data-original-width="453" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAKmT2IVDYBQZPzcxNF3GSmkkLWz8fYlu57moULjB8esPsJDKggdHhH71P9obzLzM9nhUbl1ErpiiMa4DlYaX-RCgGlbdJ8j-34QdFBfq8eI8OM18uLjfo55oecknJAMCARtXPJ3kxjYQ0/s640/Image+9-7-19+at+12.49+PM.jpg" width="483" /></a></div>
<span style="color: #990000;"><span face=""arial black" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><br />
</b></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span face=""arial black" , sans-serif" style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #660000;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">*******</span></span></span></b></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif">June 9, 2020</span><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"> </span></b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://redabyayala.blogspot.com/2020/06/the-murder-of-george-floyd-and-death-of.html"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif">The Murder of George Floyd and The Death of "White" Supremacy</span></a><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"> </span></b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif">Whatever may
come of the murder of George Floyd, the death of institutionalized American
"White" Supremacy must follow: NOW!</span></b></span><span style="color: #660000;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"> </span></b></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #660000;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif">Dismantling
the Master's Narrative</span></b></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdPybGz2BgzZ17JL8Hg2WBUIeSWkPyLwMXQ2MlFRvEo8uvufwLDhiD1KKO6viRA0WMS4VkJc_nLAdf4p0qjVZnyXrd5BCmdRjDiC8nEEcYbyRArpRtvHOg8cunkLJw-ttGw7kquiH3kezh/s1600/540CF1E1-CD42-4B6A-BDEA-0FEFBAA19736_1_201_a.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="788" data-original-width="967" height="325" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdPybGz2BgzZ17JL8Hg2WBUIeSWkPyLwMXQ2MlFRvEo8uvufwLDhiD1KKO6viRA0WMS4VkJc_nLAdf4p0qjVZnyXrd5BCmdRjDiC8nEEcYbyRArpRtvHOg8cunkLJw-ttGw7kquiH3kezh/s400/540CF1E1-CD42-4B6A-BDEA-0FEFBAA19736_1_201_a.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
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<div style="text-align: center;">
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<br /></div>
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<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial black" , sans-serif" style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #990000;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>*************</b></span></span></span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif">May 29, 2020</span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"> </span></span><br />
<b><a href="https://redabyayala.blogspot.com/2020/05/tonatierra-community-development.html"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif">TONATIERRA:Open Letter to the Tom Lantos Human Rights Commission, House Committee onForeign Affairs</span></span></a><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"> </span></span></b><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif">Unknown to the students, a shipment of heroin
worth an estimated 2 million dollars was hidden on two of the buses. The students themselves were on route to
attend the anniversary of the <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/cities/from-the-archive-blog/2015/nov/12/guardian-mexico-tlatelolco-massacre-1968-john-rodda"><b>Massacre of Tlatelolco ‘68</b></a>, when the Mexican army
opened fire killing hundreds of unarmed protesting students in Tlatelolco Plaza
in Mexico City, where the Olympics of 1968 were being hosted. </span></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;">********************</span> </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif">June 19, 2020</span></span><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: x-large;"> </span></span></span></b><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://redabyayala.blogspot.com/2020/06/ayotzinapa-tonatierra-open-letter-to.html"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: x-large;">AYOTZINAPA: TONATIERRA Open Letter to Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, Canada</span></span></a><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: x-large;"> </span></span></span></b></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><b>Where is
Tomas Zerón?</b> Has he been granted protection by the Canadian government in spite
of being the subject of an arrest warrant for his criminal actions in the
Mexican government coverup of the Forced Disappearance of the 43 students of
Ayotzinapa? Why has the Canadian government refused to confirm or deny that
Zerón is in Canada? </span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif">Is the
Canadian government now also complicit in the coverup of the <b>international
crime</b> of Forced Disappearance in the case of the <b>43 Ayotzinapa </b>students?</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif">**************************</span></span></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial black" , sans-serif"><span style="color: #660000;"><b><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: medium;">November 28, 2019</span></span></span><i><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></i></b></span></span><span style="color: #660000;"><span face=""arial black" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: x-large;"> </span></span></span><br />
<a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://doctrineofdiscoveryforum.blogspot.com/2019/11/kings-and-kingdoms-doctrine-and.html&source=gmail&ust=1593193177829000&usg=AFQjCNEeC9e-Outaf1OTciUnyu4kkDqKKA" href="https://doctrineofdiscoveryforum.blogspot.com/2019/11/kings-and-kingdoms-doctrine-and.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: #660000;"><span face=""arial black" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Kings and Kingdoms: Doctrine and Domination</span></span></span></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<div style="font-family: "calibri", sans-serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">The history of transition from a chartered colony of Christendom, to a
territory ruled by force of violent invasion by the European American
“white” colonizers, to the formation of a polity of statehood and
subsequent admission into the union of states called
the USA, also required a systemic mechanism to control the allegiances,
nationality and citizenship of the constituencies of the new republic
as a whole. In the absence of the absolute command of allegiance of the
Sovereign, in this case King George of England,
the colonies broke from the modus operandi of the cartel of the Divine
Right of Kings (Christendom). It became necessary to format the public
consciousness in a systematic manner, manufacturing consent for the
rationalization and expansion of territorial dominion
via political acts of allegiance to the Divine Right of States.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"> </span></div>
<div style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">It became necessary to manufacture the mythology of America.</span></div>
<br /></div>
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</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiyUu_evg0lE1a8Ai000V5tBbqBoqvMsaW2s4QKbF5jA4WTYCrZz9GD_AkSQGhKRAjNfmprQzmzi9i9jxAlMKDfwXZx4kkA-1voS2NCwuQ5WXFNiXphfrYNmKKT1d__EvjOR3hGKUFkZLn/s1600/KIngs+and+Kingdoms.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="485" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiyUu_evg0lE1a8Ai000V5tBbqBoqvMsaW2s4QKbF5jA4WTYCrZz9GD_AkSQGhKRAjNfmprQzmzi9i9jxAlMKDfwXZx4kkA-1voS2NCwuQ5WXFNiXphfrYNmKKT1d__EvjOR3hGKUFkZLn/s640/KIngs+and+Kingdoms.jpeg" width="483" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #660000;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""arial black" , sans-serif">******************************<wbr></wbr>**********************</span></span></b></span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span face=""papyrus" , sans-serif">Seas of Emergence</span></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span face=""papyrus" , sans-serif">April 11, 2020</span></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span face=""arial black" , sans-serif"><b><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://redabyayala.blogspot.com/2020/04/the-house-of-mica-and-treaty-of_12.html&source=gmail&ust=1593193177829000&usg=AFQjCNH--4aSHomfk5BcjIN8Z-8wM4XVKA" href="https://redabyayala.blogspot.com/2020/04/the-house-of-mica-and-treaty-of_12.html" target="_blank">The House of Mica and the Treaty of Teotihuacan 2020</a></b></span></span></div>
</div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
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<div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
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<img border="0" class="CToWUd" height="260" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizoz8EzPrg7EkfpxZxrMBSx7lhNcQsz3Ky412ZkLUBwa8rJ-7rOhRhtH1NlBeCdE_cDThV7-pZ2RMKw5YbdtzkD4vkHCzr1PgzKZ41bTYAf5w91vvtHoOn0JS6qiwJqUVHA5mDxFAsOO8/s400/ThomasOren.jpg" width="400" /></div>
</div>
</div>
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<i><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="color: #222a35;"><br />
</span></span></span></i></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="color: #222a35;"><br />
</span></span></span></i></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.livingjusticepress.org/index.asp?Type%3DB_BASIC%26SEC%3D%257B62C4BC5A-5DD2-44D0-8CF6-32B343F3E4DD%257D&source=gmail&ust=1593193177829000&usg=AFQjCNF3sPUwiSWZ5FHYsQFniNQFEUs9Ww" href="http://www.livingjusticepress.org/index.asp?Type=B_BASIC&SEC=%7B62C4BC5A-5DD2-44D0-8CF6-32B343F3E4DD%7D" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>Indigenous Nations
Rights in the Balance</b></span><br />
</span></span></a></div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.livingjusticepress.org/index.asp?Type%3DB_BASIC%26SEC%3D%257B62C4BC5A-5DD2-44D0-8CF6-32B343F3E4DD%257D&source=gmail&ust=1593193177829000&usg=AFQjCNF3sPUwiSWZ5FHYsQFniNQFEUs9Ww" href="http://www.livingjusticepress.org/index.asp?Type=B_BASIC&SEC=%7B62C4BC5A-5DD2-44D0-8CF6-32B343F3E4DD%7D" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif">by Charmaine White Face</span></span></a></div>
</div>
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><br />
</span></span></div>
<div>
<div>
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<img alt="5ACFD3F6-737C-42BC-A7FF-E9BD9F573EC0.jpeg" class="CToWUd a6T" data-image-whitelisted="" height="231" src="https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0?ui=2&ik=8d940a47c5&attid=0.5&permmsgid=msg-f:1670480153377641320&th=172ebcd9526a1368&view=fimg&sz=s0-l75-ft&attbid=ANGjdJ9nOjbVehKxkuQtX5QkQRnRFj5SI9LMCm4TEin_RctraHcn2914Wo8uvJiIU9QXTDDrZcz11TH1JkgPjJpU8OWdHR-374g6c2plFNUBcjWXXpP0oSFNa0va-YQ&disp=emb" style="margin-right: 0px;" tabindex="0" width="152" /></div>
</div>
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<i><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="color: #222a35;"><br />
</span></span></span></i></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="color: #222a35;"><br />
</span></span></span></i></div>
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br />
</span></span></div>
chantlacahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15255116987351106636noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3242193371915035457.post-75132705712370314742019-11-28T13:04:00.003-08:002020-06-14T16:28:47.547-07:00Kings and Kingdoms: Doctrine and Domination<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwDWz1wgNLtQen14r4CTSVm8BWH3OSKy0_PxAJf0Aw77IrZzpCwmFxhIq0Ly4oXoKrOfPHfpVfMCtKx_7DeExzgjR-gLsbQMekxtrnkvlcZbs96xZJNLWPwZpSSyttfNY6qHg2qashpbBs/s1600/fullsizeoutput_b4d6.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1214" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwDWz1wgNLtQen14r4CTSVm8BWH3OSKy0_PxAJf0Aw77IrZzpCwmFxhIq0Ly4oXoKrOfPHfpVfMCtKx_7DeExzgjR-gLsbQMekxtrnkvlcZbs96xZJNLWPwZpSSyttfNY6qHg2qashpbBs/s640/fullsizeoutput_b4d6.jpeg" width="484" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">DISMANTLING the DOCTRINE of DISCOVERY of
CHRISTENDOM</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 18.0pt;">“Presidents are not
kings.”</span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 16.0pt;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">U.S. District Judge Ketanji
Brown Jackson</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">November 25, 2019</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "georgia" , serif;">**********************</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 20.0pt;">“States are not kingdoms.”</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">Tupak Huehuecoyotl, Izkaloteka</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><br /></span></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4DJZqa9mvNLIOeVjOGBGZ6RoAkz1Mtqda_QGKKZezj5EJSyyaAUIJ7r3TxqJQmnAiaguYAyBrJsx4pOmJPmJqDG-PqKdMJpeN53A98rbeanunGQXojNE3Z6SoQdb3_dVar0Y2nxAgr4MW/s1600/Star+Man.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="664" data-original-width="960" height="221" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4DJZqa9mvNLIOeVjOGBGZ6RoAkz1Mtqda_QGKKZezj5EJSyyaAUIJ7r3TxqJQmnAiaguYAyBrJsx4pOmJPmJqDG-PqKdMJpeN53A98rbeanunGQXojNE3Z6SoQdb3_dVar0Y2nxAgr4MW/s320/Star+Man.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">
</span>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">"Remove
justice, and what are kingdoms but gangs of criminals on a large scale? What
are criminal gangs but petty kingdoms? A gang is a group of men under the
command of a leader, bound by a compact of association, in which the plunder is
divided according to an agreed convention.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">If
this villainy wins so many recruits from the ranks of the demoralized that it
acquires territory, establishes a base, captures cities and subdues peoples, it
then openly arrogates to itself the title of kingdom, which is conferred on it
in the eyes of the world, not by the renouncing of aggression but by the
attainment of impunity.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">For
it was a witty and truthful rejoinder which was given by a captured pirate to
Alexander the Great. The king asked the fellow, “What is your idea, in
infesting the sea?” And the pirate answered, with uninhibited insolence, “The
same as yours, in infesting the earth! But because I do it with a tiny craft,
I’m called a pirate; because you have a mighty navy, you’re called an
emperor"...</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">To
crush and subdue more remote peoples without provocation and solely from the
thirst for dominion—what is one to call this but brigandage on the grand
scale?".</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">St.
Augustine (354-430), Concerning the City of God Against the Pagans (H.
Bettenson, Tr.), Book IV, Ch. 4</span></span></i></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<i><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="color: #990000;">****************** </span></span></span></i><br />
<h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="https://doctrineofdiscoveryforum.blogspot.com/2019/08/whitesupremacyandthedoctrineofdiscovery.html">#WhiteSupremacyAndTheDoctrineOfDiscovery</a></span></h3>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><i><span style="color: #990000;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiT5Q6GkeettJAAJkRw81JpubibGLJzrwe5Pj7zxkuM2VUBtwADQxjg1su8Mln0BOSVQL4IaNmGgeqQebmR7suCyBKKmZrvz9xuDJhlgmsFuvQ1hWeNU7bXQLcAhn5IqQW2_JqP2gY0mr85/s1600/Trumpty.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1276" data-original-width="1600" height="510" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiT5Q6GkeettJAAJkRw81JpubibGLJzrwe5Pj7zxkuM2VUBtwADQxjg1su8Mln0BOSVQL4IaNmGgeqQebmR7suCyBKKmZrvz9xuDJhlgmsFuvQ1hWeNU7bXQLcAhn5IqQW2_JqP2gY0mr85/s640/Trumpty.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></i></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The
history of transition from a chartered colony of Christendom, to a territory
ruled by force of violent invasion by the European American “white” colonizers,
to the formation of a polity of statehood and subsequent admission into the
union of states called the USA, also required a systemic mechanism to control
the allegiances, nationality and citizenship of the constituencies of the new
republic as a whole. In the absence of
the absolute command of allegiance of the Sovereign, in this case King George
of England, the colonies broke from the modus operandi of the cartel of the
<b>Divine Right of Kings</b> (Christendom). It
became necessary to format the public consciousness in a systematic manner,
manufacturing consent for the rationalization and expansion of territorial
dominion via political acts of allegiance to the Divine Right of States. It became necessary to manufacture the
mythology of America.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
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</style><b>****************</b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #990000;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Person - Inhabitant - Savage </b></span></span></div>
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Therefore, for a polity such
as the USA that derives is purported legal claim of territorial integrity
(dominion) on the continent to being a successor settler state to the nefarious
“Doctrine of Discovery” of Christendom, it is a legal impossibility to recognize
the collective personality of the Indigenous Peoples as being equal in right
before the law since to do so would necessitate the recognition of full
equality, without discrimination, of the individual indigenous “person” as
being equal to a “white person”.</span></span></div>
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</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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</div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The historical record on this
issue is unequivocal. The United <b>Nations
Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues</b> presented a formal report on the Impact of
the Doctrine of Discovery in 2010, calling for the repudiation of the
“nefarious” doctrine among the member states of the UN system. As precedent and
predicate to this report, in affirmation of the inherent right of all
Indigenous Peoples to self-determination, the <b>Original Nations</b> of <b>Indigenous
Peoples of Abya Yala </b>proclaimed on the floor of the UN General Assembly on May
18, 2006:</span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"></span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"></span></span></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"></span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">“That the Papal Bull Inter
Caetera of Pope Alexander VI is hereby ANNULLED, as well as whatever Doctrine
of Discovery proceeding from which that pretends to deform the relationship of
Harmony, Justice, and Peace of we the Indigenous Peoples of Humanity in its
entirety.”</span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"></span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"></span></span></div>
</blockquote>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"></span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The <b>Continental Commission
Abya Yala</b> went further, calling for:</span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"></span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"></span></span></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">“a Tribunal of Justice
regarding the Doctrine of Discovery of Christendom, by at all levels of
humanity across the globe, to address the issue in the historical and legal
context of the universal principles of justice and jurisprudence of the
Indigenous Peoples."</span></span></div>
</blockquote>
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<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdQU811aUbnPpCWqJ7OOCGHgwV7EAjhgs2eGQMpZ-IOPrU7IyZkDMQFE1sFpmgeRbUsqx3bgAXhGHPztetT-95h1rRr5gviVHE2OLXUWv3bOr9L6oq7JECt3IiqwFlgyCM-mwKbrzIu9cP/s1600/IMG_5527.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="610" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdQU811aUbnPpCWqJ7OOCGHgwV7EAjhgs2eGQMpZ-IOPrU7IyZkDMQFE1sFpmgeRbUsqx3bgAXhGHPztetT-95h1rRr5gviVHE2OLXUWv3bOr9L6oq7JECt3IiqwFlgyCM-mwKbrzIu9cP/s400/IMG_5527.jpg" width="237" /></a></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "papyrus" , sans-serif; font-size: 20.0pt;">Continental
Commission Abya Yala</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "papyrus" , sans-serif;">October 12, 2019</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "papyrus" , sans-serif; font-size: 24.0pt;">527 Years of
Indigenous Resistance</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<a href="https://redabyayala.blogspot.com/2019/10/continental-manifesto-of-self.html"><b><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 20.0pt;">Continental Manifesto of Self
Determination</span></b></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<a href="https://redabyayala.blogspot.com/2019/10/continental-manifesto-of-self.html"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="ES" style="color: black; font-family: "papyrus" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">Cecemilhuitl Ca Nican Tlaca Ilhuitl</span></b></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhL52ONHDz98aTbC4yMHERtbdaapiS0f5Me8JOUY7ldQ9v6WG0So6Pks4fx2bi5xKo438AUw98RGVhtKlQB1f5FEVvIyfQZnFVUIJiv-Ieq2gqdzClgCRkVBDTZSevFcq1ZqDRO53pIslA2/s1600/What.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1066" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhL52ONHDz98aTbC4yMHERtbdaapiS0f5Me8JOUY7ldQ9v6WG0So6Pks4fx2bi5xKo438AUw98RGVhtKlQB1f5FEVvIyfQZnFVUIJiv-Ieq2gqdzClgCRkVBDTZSevFcq1ZqDRO53pIslA2/s640/What.jpg" width="426" /></a></span></div>
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</style><a href="http://unpfip.blogspot.com/p/framework-of-dominance-preliminary_03.html"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></b></a>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://unpfip.blogspot.com/p/framework-of-dominance-preliminary_03.html"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">United Nations</span></b></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://unpfip.blogspot.com/p/framework-of-dominance-preliminary_03.html"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">Preliminary Study on the Doctrine of Discovery</span></b></a></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">This preliminary study establishes that the Doctrine of Discovery has
been institutionalized in law and policy, on national and international
levels, and lies at the root of the violations of indigenous peoples’
human rights, both individual and collective. This has resulted in
State claims to and the mass appropriation of the lands, territories
and resources of indigenous peoples. Both the Doctrine of Discovery
and a holistic structure that we term the <b>Framework of Dominance</b>
have resulted in centuries of virtually unlimited resource extraction
from the traditional territories of indigenous peoples. This, in
turn, has resulted in the dispossession and impoverishment of
indigenous peoples, and the host of problems that they face today on a
daily basis.<br /></span><br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4DJZqa9mvNLIOeVjOGBGZ6RoAkz1Mtqda_QGKKZezj5EJSyyaAUIJ7r3TxqJQmnAiaguYAyBrJsx4pOmJPmJqDG-PqKdMJpeN53A98rbeanunGQXojNE3Z6SoQdb3_dVar0Y2nxAgr4MW/s1600/Star+Man.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="664" data-original-width="960" height="276" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4DJZqa9mvNLIOeVjOGBGZ6RoAkz1Mtqda_QGKKZezj5EJSyyaAUIJ7r3TxqJQmnAiaguYAyBrJsx4pOmJPmJqDG-PqKdMJpeN53A98rbeanunGQXojNE3Z6SoQdb3_dVar0Y2nxAgr4MW/s400/Star+Man.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-size: small;">YouTube:</span></b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></b></span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3QVjiIvAo7w&feature=youtu.be&fbclid=IwAR3i2muKi_ZyxLfzTCeKqeAz6fW57PX8zezn9Q2-FNR2m19H4qPyf-iFSTA"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Drumming Down Columbus 2020</span></b></span></a></div>
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Wednesday June 10,
2020 - American Indian Movement AIM topples the statue of Christopher Columbus
in front of the state capitol of Minnesota.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: #990000;"><b><span style="font-size: small;"><style>
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chantlacahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15255116987351106636noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3242193371915035457.post-36994231189772354242019-09-10T07:40:00.004-07:002019-09-10T07:51:32.251-07:00Links<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><a href="https://archive.org/stream/jstor-2506014/2506014_djvu.txt">Treaty of Alcáçovas 1479</a></span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><a href="https://www.gilderlehrman.org/content/doctrine-discovery-1493">Papal Bull <i>Inter Caetera </i>May 3-4, 1493</a></span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><a href="https://history.state.gov/milestones/1750-1775/treaty-of-paris">Treaty of Paris 1763</a></span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><a href="https://www.history.com/topics/westward-expansion/louisiana-purchase">Treaty with France - Louisiana Purchase 1803</a></span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-of-adams-onis-treaty-1773309">Adams-Onís Treaty 1819 </a></span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_C%C3%B3rdoba">Treaty of Córdoba August 24, 1821</a></span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-American_Treaty_of_1824">Russo-American Treaty 1824</a></span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><a href="https://www.revolvy.com/page/Treaty-of-Limits-%28Mexico%E2%80%93United-States%29">Treaty of Limits (Mexico–United States) January 12, 1828</a></span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><a href="https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/mgt05">Treaties of Velasco May 14, 1836</a></span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/event/Gadsden-Purchase">Treaty of La Mesilla 1853</a></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://history.state.gov/milestones/1801-1829/monroe"> US Monroe Doctrine 1823 </a></span></span></span>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><a href="https://www.un.org/en/decolonization/declaration.shtml">UN General Assembly Resolution 1514 (1960)</a></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><a href="https://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/IPeoples/Pages/Declaration.aspx"><b>UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (2007</b>)</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><a href="http://unpfip.blogspot.com/2013/10/the-law-of-exceptions-nafta-and-un.html"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>NAFTA 1994</b></span></a></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b> </b></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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</span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="https://redabyayala.blogspot.com/2019/01/self-determination.html"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>USMCA 2018</b></span></a></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span><b><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3se8EPidveY"><span><span style="font-family: "papyrus" , sans-serif; letter-spacing: 2.5pt;">Territorial Integrity of Mother Earth</span></span></a></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: #660000;"><span><b><span style="font-family: "papyrus" , sans-serif;">NOW</span></b></span></span></span></div>
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chantlacahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15255116987351106636noreply@blogger.com15tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3242193371915035457.post-64854435206302570872019-08-06T10:50:00.002-07:002021-05-07T14:20:21.457-07:00#WhiteSupremacyAndTheDoctrineOfDiscovery<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b><a href="https://www.americamagazine.org/arts-culture/2018/03/08/hard-truths-about-white-supremacy-america">Hard truths about white supremacy in America</a></b></span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiT5Q6GkeettJAAJkRw81JpubibGLJzrwe5Pj7zxkuM2VUBtwADQxjg1su8Mln0BOSVQL4IaNmGgeqQebmR7suCyBKKmZrvz9xuDJhlgmsFuvQ1hWeNU7bXQLcAhn5IqQW2_JqP2gY0mr85/s1600/Trumpty.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1276" data-original-width="1600" height="508" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiT5Q6GkeettJAAJkRw81JpubibGLJzrwe5Pj7zxkuM2VUBtwADQxjg1su8Mln0BOSVQL4IaNmGgeqQebmR7suCyBKKmZrvz9xuDJhlgmsFuvQ1hWeNU7bXQLcAhn5IqQW2_JqP2gY0mr85/s640/Trumpty.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://www.ncronline.org/news/justice/author-argues-connection-between-christian-theology-white-supremacy"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">THE SIN OF WHITE SUPREMACY:</span></span></b></span></span></a><br />
<a href="https://www.ncronline.org/news/justice/author-argues-connection-between-christian-theology-white-supremacy"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">CHRISTIANITY, RACISM, & RELIGIOUS DIVERSITY IN AMERICA</span></span></b></span></span></a><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">By Jeannine Hill Fletcher </span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">[W]e need to interrogate the relationship of White supremacy
and Christian identity. What this investigation will help us see is that the
theology of Christian supremacy gave birth to the ideology of White supremacy,
and that White supremacy grew from a dangerous ideology to an accepted position
inherited by Whites. The systems and structures of White supremacy have been
intimately joined with Christian supremacy, such that undoing White supremacy
will also require relinquishing the ideologies and theologies of Christian
supremacy.</span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">In a cultural environment that has recently seen the
emboldening of self-described white supremacists, Hill Fletcher’s work
inoculates against the familiar impulse among American liberal elites to locate
racism and its corrosive effects squarely within the disenfranchised, “uneducated”
white proletariat, the people that Meryl Streep derided as the “football and
mixed martial arts” class at last year’s Golden Globes. Hill Fletcher, however,
lays bare the endemic white supremacy that is also present in the rarefied air
of European and white American scholarly circles and elite-professional life.
One of the many hard truths she uncovers is that virtually every white thinker
in the intellectual canon in the United States was—among everything else they
were—a white supremacist by our contemporary standards. This is how normalized
white supremacy has been throughout modern history.</span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">"Hill-Fletcher shows that the Christian habit of seeing themselves as the
chosen ones has often been translated into racial categories as well.
In other words, Christian supremacy has historically lent itself to
white supremacy, with disastrous consequences. Hill Fletcher proposes
educational strategies to disentangle the two that will help us move
forward toward racial healing in America." </span></span></div>
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<a href="https://www.gilderlehrman.org/content/doctrine-discovery-1493"><b><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">DISMANTLING</span></span></span></b></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="https://www.gilderlehrman.org/content/doctrine-discovery-1493"><b><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">the </span></span></span></span></b></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><a href="https://www.gilderlehrman.org/content/doctrine-discovery-1493"><b><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Doctrine of Discovery</span></span></b></a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><a href="https://globalsocialtheory.org/concepts/settler-colonialism/"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>Settler Colonialism </b></span></span></a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">As Lorenzo Veracini, a key scholar in settler colonial studies, argues
“settler colonialism makes sense especially if it is understood
globally, and that we live in a settler co</span>lonial global present” (<i>The Settler Colonial Present</i>, 2015).</span></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.nahuacalli.org/"><b><span face=""papyrus" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 26pt;">NAHUACALLI</span></b></a></div>
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<h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name" style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://unpfip.blogspot.com/2014/03/nations-of-mother-earth-not-just-ethnic.html"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Nations of Mother Earth, not just Ethnic Groups of the States</span></a></h3>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><a href="http://inxinachtliinmilpa.blogspot.com/2018/10/the-legend-of-truth-and-doctrine-of.html"><b>The Legend of Truth and the Doctrines of Power</b></a></span></span><b><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 28pt;"> </span></b><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b><span style="color: #660000; font-size: 36pt;">DISMANTLING</span></b>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">the</span></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Doctrine of Discovery</b></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1rAiYKweJ04Xub-hcHrILxH4r2r6fzizx/view?usp=sharing"><span style="color: #990000;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif">DOWNLOAD PDF </span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></b></span></span></span></div>
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<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: #660000;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><b><br /></b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">Trump Wall and El
Paso</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Verse and Versus</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Challenging the
Master’s Narrative</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Every four years
since 1992, the <b>Original Nations</b> of <b>Indigenous Peoples of Abya Yala</b> realize a
transcontinental spiritual run known as the <a href="https://www.peaceanddignity.net/">Peace and Dignity Journeys</a>, a
prayer run which is carried forward simultaneously from a dual start in the
extreme northern part of the continent in the Arctic Circle, and from the tip
of southern cone in Tierra del Fuego.
Next year, in 2020 the Peace and Dignity Journeys will once again
traverse the entire continent from north to south, from south to north in
fulfillment of a collective commitment made during the <a href="https://redabyayala.blogspot.com/2016/10/first-continental-indigenous-encounter_5.html">First Continental Indigenous Encounter</a> in Quito, Ecuador in 1990: the reunification of the
<a href="http://doctrineofdiscoveryforum.blogspot.com/2013/09/pachacutic-kundur-anka.html">Continental Indigenous Confederation Kundur-Anka Abya Yala</a> (Eagle and Condor).</span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Every Peace and
Dignity Journey, every run has a specific theme of focus and destination. The
first three journeys concluded in Teotihuacan, Mexico. The fourth and fifth
were sealed with four days of ceremony and prayer in Panama. The destination in
2012 was the Maya lands of Ixim Uleuh in Guatemala, and the last run of 2016
concluded in once again in Panama.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The eighth <b>Peace
and Dignity Journeys 2020</b> is now being planned to arrive at the location of the
original First Continental Indigenous Encounter of 1990 in Quito, Ecuador.</span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Traversing the
entire breadth of the continent on the ground from north to south in a
continuous prayer of reunification, solidarity, and expression of traditional
<b>indigenous spirituality</b> is a monumental commitment that requires surmounting
challenges of all sorts. One of the most daunting is the need to cross over the
established international borders of the government states of the Americas that
control by way of military might the free movement of Indigenous Peoples across
their traditional territories. In truth,
in fact, and in history – not one of the international borders separating the
state republics of the Americas was established with the <a href="https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/publications/2016/10/free-prior-and-informed-consent-an-indigenous-peoples-right-and-a-good-practice-for-local-communities-fao/"><b>Free, Prior and Informed Consent</b></a> of the Original Nations of Indigenous Peoples.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">In truth, fact,
and history – the US-Mexico border is a 2000 mile long scar on the continent
established after an illegitimate war of territorial expansion incited by <b>White
Supremacy</b> in the form of the ideology of <a href="https://www.history.com/topics/westward-expansion/manifest-destiny"><b>American Manifest Destiny</b></a>, waged on
behalf of the economic interests of the southern slave states, the lust for
gold in California and access to federally subsidized right of ways for the
transcontinental railroad corporations.</span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">In every one of
the past seven Peace and Dignity Journeys, the runners from the North moving
South have made the crossing of the Rio Grande into Mexico at the location of
El Paso, Texas. During one of these
crossings, as the runners carried their songs and prayers across the river, the
call out was heard: “<b>We didn’t cross the border, the border TRIED to cross us</b>."</span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">El Paso is a city
that predates the founding of the United States of America by one hundred
years. It is also the location where the Rio Grande crosses through a pass (El
Paso) in the great chain of the Rocky Mountains to travel east towards its own
destination in the Gulf of Mexico in the territories of the <a href="http://www.carrizocomecrudonation.com/"><b>Carrizo/Comecrudo Tribe</b></a> of Texas. The Rio Grande is called
the Rio Bravo in Mexico, and in the geography of the diverse Indigenous Pueblos
of the upper Rio Grande, it is also known as the river of the <a href="https://www.lacma.org/art/exhibition/children-plumed-serpent-legacy-quetzalcoatl-ancient-mexico"><b>Plumed Serpent</b></a>.</span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> </span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyuSOpktULQ_P75tQ5I2Rv6RAMeKMkMycsdUXHVZP6grHBs-bgYwoK0cz5pbyfl6RnaYWZ9zERdNS1Fq4aoQan1QuV0gH9qNNf_J5J8nFqv8GuyaWMp4AUJ9osyBHsaKCPcc3yW0H-yL8/s1600/ToltecAnahuac.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1217" data-original-width="1600" height="484" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyuSOpktULQ_P75tQ5I2Rv6RAMeKMkMycsdUXHVZP6grHBs-bgYwoK0cz5pbyfl6RnaYWZ9zERdNS1Fq4aoQan1QuV0gH9qNNf_J5J8nFqv8GuyaWMp4AUJ9osyBHsaKCPcc3yW0H-yL8/s640/ToltecAnahuac.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The bioregion
surrounding El Paso is a territory of profound millennial and ecological
significance for the Indigenous Peoples, as is the entirety of the watershed of
the Rio Grande in its totality and sacredness.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">This human bond of
sacredness which is carried forward in the spirit of the <b>World Water Ways</b> of
<b>Mother Earth</b> we saw emerge in the <a href="https://redabyayala.blogspot.com/2016/09/"><b>Dakota Access Pipeline</b></a> fight: <b>Water of Life</b>,
the <b>Prayer Heard Around the World</b>. And
in the bloody carnage of the massacre on August 5, 2018 in El Paso at the hands
of a D.Trump incited white supremacist, we are moved with the same spirit
beyond the <b>rain of tears</b> to respond in compassion, empathy, and justice to
bring about the necessary healing that the author Hill Fletcher invokes in her
writings on American white supremacy as a <b>social pathology</b>.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Yet as in any form
of pathology, a diagnosis of the nature and source of the pathogen is necessary
to effectively move towards healing, and not just treat the symptoms.
Critically, it must be acknowledged that the social pathology of <b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_colonization_of_the_Americas">European colonization</a></b> of the Americas will require a multigenerational collective
cultural response. The crime of
colonialism requires decolonization. Colonization cannot be reformed; it must
be ended. And although five centuries of
colonization will not be brought to an end in one generation, the borders of
colonization cannot break the human bond of sacredness which binds us still
today as <b>Original Nations</b> of <b>Indigenous Peoples of Mother Earth</b>.</span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br />A necessary
clarification along this trajectory must be that the humanitarian crisis at the
US-Mexico border is not a crisis of immigration, it is a crisis of the
capitalist system of European American <b>colonization</b> and <b>genocide</b>, which
includes cultural genocide. The labeling of the present humanitarian crisis at
the US-Mexico border as an “immigration” issue conceals the true colonial
nature of the border and legitimizes acts of state terror and ethnic cleansing
disguised as “<b>immigration enforcement</b>”. </span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br />The US-Mexico
international border is today a fully functioning instrument of empire. It is
simultaneously a 2,000-mile-long scar and an open wound. The border is a
militarized monument to white supremacy formulated and made necessary by the
racist ideology of <b>American Manifest Destiny</b>, both in its historical expression
which was the motivation for the war with Mexico in 1846, and its present
contemporary “<b>Festering Destiny</b>” extrapolation in the form of the “<b>Trump Wall</b>”
border project. The pathological racist tenets of Manifest Destiny, both past
and present, are rooted in the false narrative of cultural supremacy of
Christendom, whose geopolitical context of “America” has been informed,
normalized, and institutionalized by the Doctrine of Discovery. The historical
meme of collective cognition being <b>Christopher Columbus</b> and the date of <b>October
12, 1492</b> (Gregorian).</span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> </span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br />We are called to
move beyond the immediate reaction and contradictions of the moment into a true
healing of the spirit of our common humanity, and towards <b>Living with Wellness</b>
with the natural world of <b>Mother Earth</b>.
We cannot expect peace on Earth if we are not at peace with Mother
Earth. We cannot share the spirit of
peace if we are not at peace with ourselves, and colonization is the enemy of
world peace. The first victims of the
abnormal psychology of colonialism begins with the dehumanization of the
colonizers themselves by their own kinfolk.
No child is born a white supremacist.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The
self-destructive <b>cultural climate</b> in society that normalizes white supremacy
generation after generation is the same source of the <b>global climate chaos</b>
crisis that looms over all life on the planet. In terms of <a href="https://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/culture-chaos-complexity-catalysts-change-indigenous"><b>complex adaptive systems theory</b></a>, it is a maladaptive addiction to <b>alienation</b>. The trauma to the
global ecosystems of the natural world being rationalized by dominant models of
development, progress, and civilization is an extrapolation to the final
frontier of the same schema of colonization that the <b>Indigenous Peoples</b> of all
continents continue to resist across the planet.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">If racial healing
in America is a stated goal, as per author Fletcher, if community healing is an
ultimate goal, if the spirit of humanity is the inspiration, if our shared
responsibility to the future generations the mandate, is it not necessary to
interrogate the construction of the concept and allegiance of “<a href="https://press.princeton.edu/titles/8080.html"><b>American Exceptionalism</b></a>” itself as a product of the same systematic pogrom of
institutionalized racism now being normalized once again, this time not in the
name of overt colonization but development and progress? In the name of
electoral politics? In the name of the patriotism of patriarchy? In the name of
corporate profits? In the name of healing?</span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">This critical
questioning is not meant as an exercise either in negativity or negation, it
simply implies the ethical application of criteria and principles of analysis
and ethical <b>evaluation in a spirit of respect, inclusion, complementarity</b> and
<b>self-determination</b>, along with the following precepts of acknowledgement from
the <a href="https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/declaration-on-the-rights-of-indigenous-peoples.html"><b>UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples</b> </a>(2007): </span></span><br />
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<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><b>Indigenous Peoples</b>
and individuals are free and equal to all other peoples and individuals and
have the right to be free from any kind of discrimination, in the exercise of
their rights, in particular that based on their indigenous origin or identity.</span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"> </span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><b>Indigenous Peoples</b>
have the right to self-determination. By virtue of that right they freely
determine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social and
cultural development.</span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"> </span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><b>Indigenous
Peoples</b>, in exercising their right to self-determination, have the right to
autonomy or self-government in matters relating to their internal and local
affairs, as well as ways and means for financing their autonomous functions.
Indigenous Peoples have the right to maintain and strengthen their distinct
political, legal, economic, social and cultural institutions, while retaining
their right to participate fully, if they so choose, in the political,
economic, social and cultural life of the State.</span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"> </span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"><b>Indigenous
Peoples</b>, in particular those divided by international borders, have the right
to maintain and develop contacts, relations and cooperation, including
activities for spiritual, cultural, political, economic and social purposes,
with their own members as well as other peoples across borders. States, in consultation and cooperation with
indigenous peoples, shall take effective measures to facilitate the exercise
and ensure the implementation of this right.</span></span></li>
</ul>
</div>
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<b><i><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">“Justice is always
compelling, not always popular.”</span></span></i></b></div>
<span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b><br /></b></i></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCNCi8NYTwpygjtQV9DO6UO_KnGw2dbHGAVzmHbT8GPsJ3fgvT8Huvhs-IZy9Kl4rGG-Nwz40bVETW8xYUdEcU5ZaPWj5CKpqvdbfcGMRAP4I415z9yoEmvltJTPCBMZgXPZsGR5w9QlY/s1600/fullsizeoutput_a616.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="565" data-original-width="1600" height="140" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCNCi8NYTwpygjtQV9DO6UO_KnGw2dbHGAVzmHbT8GPsJ3fgvT8Huvhs-IZy9Kl4rGG-Nwz40bVETW8xYUdEcU5ZaPWj5CKpqvdbfcGMRAP4I415z9yoEmvltJTPCBMZgXPZsGR5w9QlY/s400/fullsizeoutput_a616.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">Head ‘em off at
the Pass:</span></span></span></i></div>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">Cultural Genocide and Historical Amnesia</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">The Law of the Rulers and the US
Mexico Border</span></b></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><a href="https://archive.org/stream/jstor-2506014/2506014_djvu.txt">Treaty of Alcáçovas 1479</a></span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><a href="https://www.gilderlehrman.org/content/doctrine-discovery-1493">Papal Bull <i>Inter Caetera </i>May 3-4, 1493</a></span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><a href="https://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1028.html">Treaty of Tordesillas 1494</a></span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><a href="https://history.state.gov/milestones/1750-1775/treaty-of-paris">Treaty of Paris 1763</a></span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><a href="https://www.history.com/topics/westward-expansion/louisiana-purchase">Treaty with France - Louisiana Purchase 1803</a></span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-of-adams-onis-treaty-1773309">Adams-Onís Treaty 1819 </a></span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_C%C3%B3rdoba">Treaty of Córdoba August 24, 1821</a></span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-American_Treaty_of_1824">Russo-American Treaty 1824</a></span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><a href="https://www.revolvy.com/page/Treaty-of-Limits-%28Mexico%E2%80%93United-States%29">Treaty of Limits (Mexico–United States) January 12, 1828</a></span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><a href="https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/mgt05">Treaties of Velasco May 14, 1836</a></span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><a href="https://archive.org/stream/jstor-2506014/2506014_djvu.txt">SantaMaría–Calatrava Treaty of December 28, 1836</a></span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Guadalupe_Hidalgo">Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 1848</a></span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/event/Gadsden-Purchase">Treaty of La Mesilla 1853</a></span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1898)">Treaty of Paris 1898</a></span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><a href="https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/nbc01">Chamizal Treaty of 1963</a></span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><a href="https://www.lexisnexis.com/community/casebrief/p/casebrief-johnson-v-m-intosh">US Supreme Court <i>Johnson v. M’Intosh</i> 1823</a></span></span><span style="font-size: medium;">
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</span></span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://history.state.gov/milestones/1801-1829/monroe">US Monroe Doctrine 1823 </a></span></span></span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><a href="https://history.state.gov/milestones/1801-1829/monroe"></a></span></span></span></b><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><a href="https://www.un.org/en/decolonization/declaration.shtml">UN General Assembly Resolution 1514 (1960)</a></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><a href="https://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/IPeoples/Pages/Declaration.aspx"><b>UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (2007</b>)</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><a href="http://unpfip.blogspot.com/2013/10/the-law-of-exceptions-nafta-and-un.html"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>NAFTA 1994</b></span></a></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b> </b></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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</span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><a href="https://redabyayala.blogspot.com/2019/01/self-determination.html"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>USMCA 2018</b></span></a></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">“They would invoke
the rule of law,</span></b></i></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">when all they offer is the law of the rulers.”</span></b></i></span><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> </span></span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> </span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">CONTEXT:</span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_of_Westphalia">Westphalian System of State Sovereignty</a> and <a href="http://cdb-tonatierra.blogspot.com/2012/05/doctrine-of-discovery-and-immigraiton.html">International Borders of the States</a></span></span></b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Nearly all
historians mark the <b>Independence of Mexico</b> from Spain from 1821, when Agustín
de Iturbide, the leader of the Royalist forces at the head of the Army of the
Three Guarantees, negotiated the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_of_Iguala"><b>Plan of Iguala</b></a> along with Vicente Guerrero. Three centuries of direct colonization under
the Spanish Crown of Christendom were coming to an end, but the <b>dominion
concepts</b> of <b>Christendom</b> as a geopolitical project of European imperialism built
upon the normalization of “White Supremacy” were to remain immutable even to
the present day, not only for Mexico but the entire continent.</span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Under the Plan of
Iguala, Mexico would be established as an independent constitutional monarchy,
the privileged position of the <b>Catholic Church</b> would be maintained, and
Mexicans of Spanish descent would be regarded as equals to pure Spaniards. This
position in demand of equality among European and European-American
constituencies is a political articulation that the American colonists would
reframe in the demand: “No taxation without representation” in the lead up to
the break with the <b>British monarchy</b>, member of the same international regime of
<b>Christendom</b> as Spain.</span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Under the Plan of
Iguala Mexicans of mixed or “pure” Indian blood would have lesser rights. The race-based caste system of the Spanish
Empire in the Americas was a rigid social structure known as a <b>society of
castes</b> (<i>sociedad de castas</i>), institutionalized with the “pure white” Europeans
always the top of the hierarchy of power. These racists regimes of colonization
systematically perpetrated societies supported by both church and state, and
justified intellectually by the tenets of the <b>Doctrine of Discovery of
Christendom</b> as the theological foundation.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The genocidal
racists regimes of colonization, which in Mexico alone resulted in the demise
of <b>twenty-five million</b> Indigenous Mexican Peoples within one hundred years of
the <b>European invasion</b> of <b>Abya Yala</b> initiated on October 12, 1492 are still in
effect today not only across Mexican society, but throughout the continent. One
of most insidious aspects of the aftermath of centuries of institutionalized
racism and genocide in Mexico has been the <b>internalization of racist social
constructs</b> that place a hierarchy of social value on the “pure” blood lines of
the Hispanic and Anglo “whites” in discrimination against the Indigenous and
Afro-Mexicano pueblos and communities.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">An outcome of
these policies and practices has been the denial of indigenous cultural
identity in favor of the “Hispanic” or “Latino” denominations that are derivatives
of the assimilation policies of the <b>Criollo States</b> (Hispanic settler state) in
a context of national ethnic minorities, and not self-determined Indigenous
Pueblos.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The historical
record on this issue is unequivocal. The
<b>United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues</b> presented a formal report
on the <b>Impact of the Doctrine of Discovery</b> in 2010, calling for the repudiation
of the “nefarious” doctrine among the member states of the UN system. As
precedent and predicate to this report, in affirmation of the inherent right of
all Indigenous Peoples to <b>self-determination</b>, the Original Nations of
Indigenous Peoples of Abya Yala proclaimed on the floor of the UN General
Assembly on May 18, 2006:</span></span><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> </span></span></b><br />
<br />
<a href="http://unpfip.blogspot.com/2012/10/continental-proclamation-abya-yala.html"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">“</span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">That the </span></span><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Papal Bull <i>Inter Caetera</i> </span></span></b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>(1493)</b> of Pope Alexander VI is hereby <b>ANNULLED</b>, as well as whatever <b>Doctrine of Discovery</b>
proceeding from which that pretends to deform the relationship of
Harmony, Justice, and Peace of we the Indigenous Peoples of Humanity in
its entirety.”</span></span></a><br />
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"></span> </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The <b>Continental
Commission Abya Yala </b>went further, calling for:</span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> </span></span></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">“a <b>Tribunal of
Justice</b> regarding the Doctrine of Discovery of Christendom, by at all levels of
humanity across the globe, to address the issue in the historical and legal
context of the universal principles of justice and jurisprudence of the
Indigenous Peoples.”</span></span></div>
</blockquote>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Treaty
of Córdoba</b> <b>1821</b> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">If
you were to ask the Mexican government to “show me the papers”, in other words
provide the empirical historical documentation to prove the <b>Independence of
Mexico</b> from the Crown of Spain, the first document inevitably presented is
the <b>Treaty of Córdoba</b> (1821), signed by the General Juan O'Donojú for Spain and Agustín de Iturbide for Army of
the Three Guarantees of Mexico.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Yet
the Treaty of Córdoba not only provided for the continued exclusive religious
monopoly of the <b>Catholic Church of Rome </b>in Mexico, the power of head of
state would remain within the control of the <b>Royal Families</b> of Spain,
which themselves were part of an incestuous Machiavellian (literally) carnal
cartel propped up by the <b>Vatican</b>. The Treaty of Córdoba was never
ratified by the Spanish Cortes (legislature), and never became an official
treaty under international law. When no Spanish royalist took the throne of the
now independent <b>Empire of Mexico</b>, Iturbide took the throne for himself
and was proclaimed Emperor of Mexico on May 18, 1822. The Iturbide monarchy
lasted three years, and after the republican revolution of Casa Mata in
February 1823, the Mexican Congress no longer considered the Plan of Iguala or
Treaty of Córdoba in effect.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Although
the US government had announced its intention to recognize the independence of
the Spanish-American colonies in 1822, Spain did not recognize Mexico's
independence until the <b>Santa María–Calatrava Treaty</b> of <b>December 28,
1836</b>. This was the first case in which the Spanish monarchy acknowledged
the independence of a state that had been erected within the limits of her
former colonial empire in the New World.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Under
the terms of the Santa María–Calatrava Treaty of December 28, 1836 the <b>dominions</b>
of Mexico were to be comprised of the former <b>Viceroyalty of New Spain</b>,
the captaincy-general of Yucatan, the commandancies of the eastern and the
western interior provinces, lower and upper California, along with the annexed
territories and adjacent islands. The
source of the original purported territorial claim by the Viceroyalty of New
Spain in Mexico which was transferred to the Mexico was the <b>royal charters</b>
given to <b>Columbus</b> by the monarchy of Spain in 1492 and affirmed from the
pinnacle of the imperial structure of Christendom (the Vatican) by <b>Pope
Alexander VI</b> via the <b>Papal Bull <i>Inter Caetera</i></b> of 1493.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">As
recently as 2016, the Indigenous Peoples of Mexico have called upon the Vatican
State and Pope Francis to <b>repudiate</b> the Doctrine of Discovery and revoke
the Papal Bull <i>Inter Caetera</i> of Pope Alexander VI 1493 as the basis for
the legal concept of "<a href="https://redabyayala.blogspot.com/2016/02/mexico-indigenous-peoples-call-upon.html"><b>original property of the nation</b></a>", under
which the current government of the Republic of Mexico presumes to make
delivery of the territories of the Original Nations of Indigenous Peoples to
national and international industries for resource extraction, mining and
neo-extractivism in general in violation of the right of <b>Free, Prior and
Informed Consent</b> (FPIC).</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Today
this issue looms in critical national and international importance, as the <b>US-Mexico-Canada
Agreement (USMCA),</b> a modification of the <b>North American Free Trade
Agreement</b> (<b>NAFTA</b>) is due for consideration, debate and vote of
approval before the US Congress in September 2019. <b>There can be no approval</b> of USMCA
without recognition, respect, and effective mechanisms for the protection of
the internationally recognized <b>Human Rights</b> of <b>Indigenous Peoples</b>
in the trade zone encompassing the three countries, specifically the right of <b>Free,
Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC)</b>. Consultation is not consent.</span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">In
distinction from NAFTA which was adopted in 1994 thirteen years before adoption
of the <b>UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples</b>, the signatories
of USMCA must comply with the minimum standards of FPIC or the corporate
consortia investing in any development project in violation of FPIC will
immediately become <b>financially liable</b> and exposed to the risk of legal
challenges and financial penalties that must be presented before their
constituencies (states) and shareholders (corporations). This principle is now well established,
having been the subject of the <b><a href="https://www.treehugger.com/corporate-responsibility/quote-of-the-day-arthur-manuel-on-how-indigenous-peoples-subsidize-canadian-forest-industry.html">Soft Woods Lumber Dispute</a> </b>(1982) between
the US and Canada which acknowledged the proprietary rights of Indigenous
Peoples over territories and resources in the international trade
tribunals. Recognizing this fact, the
World Bank has restructured its procedures, protocols and practices regarding Indigenous
Peoples and the right of <b>Free, Prior, and Informed Consent</b> under the<b>
<a href="http://pubdocs.worldbank.org/en/837721522762050108/Environmental-and-Social-Framework.pdf#page=89&zoom=80">Environmental and Social Standard 7</a></b><a href="http://pubdocs.worldbank.org/en/837721522762050108/Environmental-and-Social-Framework.pdf#page=89&zoom=80"> </a>to shield its interests.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The
declaration of <b>DOMINION</b> over territory, a prerequisite in the <b>Westphalian
System of International Law </b>(1648) wherein the <b>Sovereign State</b>
serves as the matrix of geopolitical power relationships<b> </b>among the
elites, still functions in the form of what is now called the <b>United Nations
System</b>, a global system of governance whose membership is comprised of
mutually recognized government states exercising state sovereignty.</span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">In
Mexico the normalization and institutionalization of the Doctrine of Discovery
which began with the Vice Royalty of New Spain was continued in the formation
of the Mexican Constitution of 1917, where the <b>dogma</b> of the Alexandrian
Bulls is reaffirmed in supremacy over the territorial rights of the Indigenous
Peoples. In the US legal system, the same effect was achieved in 1823 with the
US Supreme Court decision <b><i>Johnson v. M’Intosh</i></b> (1823). With the <b>Monroe
Doctrine</b>, also in 1823, the geopolitical <b>schema of supremacy</b>
codified in the Doctrine of Discovery of Christendom was extended across the
continent, with the distinction that no longer would the <b>Royal Families of
Christendom </b>be controlling the implementation and perpetuation of the
doctrine, from then on the power of hegemony over the hemisphere would shift to
Washington, DC and Uncle Sam.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> </span></span><br />
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<br />
<b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Meanwhile back at
the Rancho Grande</span></span></b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The international
border between the US and Mexico separates the domestic states of Texas, Coahuila-Chihuahua on either side, respectfully. The international border between the US
and Mexico which was formalized by the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848),
modified by the Treaty of la Mesilla (Gadsden Purchase 1853) and then again in
1963 with the Chamizal Treaty <b>is not a legitimate border</b> of international
political or community cultural significance for the still surviving <b>Original
Nations</b> of <b>Indigenous Peoples of Anahuac, Abya Yala.</b></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b><i>Clarification</i></b>: As
Indigenous Peoples exercising the right of Cultural Self Determination, and
demanding the freedom from discrimination, we are also now called to
respectfully reaffirm that we <b>deny consent</b> and we <b>shall not comply</b> with the
colonizers conceptions of domesticated constituencies of ethnic groups now
being denominated as either “Hispanic” or “Latino” in the US political
discourse. The origins of the name
“Hispanic” begins with the Celtic Iberians, and became officialized as a
<b>provincial constituency</b> (Hispania) under the Roman Empire, similar to <b>Africa
Proconsularis</b>. Although the category of “<b>Mexican</b>” was once used in the 1930 US
census as denominator, in 1980 the substitution of “<b>Hispanic</b>” was introduced.
The terms “Latino” and “Latin America” were made first made public in Paris,
France in 1856, and later served as context of rationalization for the French
project of Empire in the Americas which began with the invasion of Mexico in
1862.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">While we fully
respect the right of self-identification and <b>self-determination</b> of <b>all peoples</b>
and communities without exception or discrimination, this reduction from the
international legal standard of being recognized as “<b><i>Indigenous Peoples, equal
to all other peoples…</i></b>” is tantamount to the same <b>technique of reductions</b> that
our ancestral peoples endured under the Spanish Empire, when we were violently
forced onto the enconmiendas, haciendas, mines, and plantations of the Spanish
colonizers to work as peons for hundreds of years, and our original indigenous
identities were stripped away from us for being uncivilized attributes of
“savagery”.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The territorial
base of the present state of Texas began officially with Mexican state of
<b>Coahuila y Tejas</b> commonly referred to as Mexican Texas. The origin of Texas's
name is from the word <b><i>taysha</i></b>, which means "friend" in the Caddo
language. When the newly independent
government of Mexico opened up <b>Mexican Texas</b> to US immigration in 1823, a
cascade of historical events ensued that must be contextualize by the violent
conflict over <b>human slavery</b> which led to the US</span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> Civil War and the
fact that many “White” American immigrants into Texas openly defied the
existing law of Mexico which established a prohibition against <b>human slavery</b>.</span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">On March 2, 1836
the Texian delegates to the assembled in Convention signed a Declaration of
Independence forming the Republic of Texas which was subsequently admitted into
the USA on</span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> February 19, 1846.
The U.S. state of Texas declared its secession from the United States of
America on February 1, 1861 and joined the Confederate States on March 2, 1861.</span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Towards the end of
the US Civil War, one aspect of the relationship between the agencies of <b>French
“White Supremacy</b>” in Mexico and the armies of the Confederacy in Texas was a
plan of alliance and collusion between the Confederacy and the French imposed
emperor Maximilian in Mexico (1861) that
would be to the benefit of both white supremacist political projects. With the defeat of the Confederacy and the
failure of the French to install Maximillian as emperor of Mexico the plan
collapsed, but the ideology lives on today in the form of corporate mergers of
the <b>mass media empires</b> controlled by the “White” elites of both countries.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The 1836 Republic
of Texas claimed borders which were based upon the <b>Treaties of Velasco</b> (1836)
between the Texas Republic and President Antonio López de Santa Anna of Mexico.
The eastern boundary had been defined by the <b>Adams–Onís Treaty</b> of 1819 between
the United States and Spain, which recognized the Sabine River as the eastern
boundary of Spanish Texas and western boundary of the <b>Missouri Territory</b>. Under the Adams–Onís Treaty of 1819 the
United States had renounced its claim to Spanish land to the east of the Rocky
Mountains and to the north of the Rio Grande, which it claimed to have acquired
as part of the <b>Louisiana Purchase</b> of 1803.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The Treaties of
Velasco were two documents signed at Velasco, Texas on May 14, 1836, between
President Santa Anna of Mexico and the Republic of Texas, in the aftermath of
the Battle of San Jacinto on April 21, 1836.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Santa Anna signed
both a public treaty and a secret treaty, but neither treaty was ratified by
the Mexican government because he had signed the documents under coercion, as a
prisoner. Mexico claimed Texas was a breakaway province, but it was too weak to
attempt another invasion. The documents were not even called
"treaties" until so characterized by US President James K. Polk in
his justifications for war some ten years later, as Representative Abraham
Lincoln pointed out in 1848. Lincoln's
criticism of the war on Mexico earned the then freshman Congressman the
derisive nickname <b>"Spotty" Lincoln</b>.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The republic's
southern and western boundary with Mexico was disputed throughout the
republic's existence. Texas claimed the Rio Grande as its southern boundary,
while Mexico insisted that the Nueces River was the boundary. When Texas was
annexed by the United States on December 29, 1845 United States inherited the
southern and western border dispute with Mexico, which became the excuse for
the US Declaration of War on Mexico (1846–1848).</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">These
international border disputes and agreements between the two republics were
consolidated in the terms of the <b>Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo</b> (1848), and the
modifications made by the <b>Gadsden Purchase/Treaty of La Mesilla </b>(1853) and the
<b>Chamizal Treaty</b> (1963). The
international border at El Paso, Texas/Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua is a
geopolitical waypoint in this 200 year old narrative which includes the
invasion of Mexico by the US Army, the dispossession of nearly half of Mexico’s
territory, the systematic exploitation of Mexican labor as a disposable
commodity in the US agribusiness, service, and construction industries, and the
subjugation of the economic infrastructure of the country to the command
economy directives of “El Rancho Grande del Norte” in Washington, DC.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">In other words,
the combined royal fleets and corporate armies of the <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nRxSQD9xrUY&feature=youtu.be">Niña, the Pinta, the Santa Maria and the Mayflower: The NAFTA and the NARCO</a>. Today this hegemon
operates under the schema of the doctrine of <b>neoliberalism</b>, where the
mechanisms of state are openly subsumed to the agenda of <b>corporate supremacy</b>
and control under the international financial systems dominated by the <b>fossil
fuel</b> global consortia of <b>petropolis</b>.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> </span></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMkWEjr53bJqe02Es77EMUIRrKycwUtqyOaqGWJ10ek9QZtjFgqguCrzRtoi0WuOcvPSnh8uGsiegv1UParDtYAlUfo4hiT3vt6CAr_xc6Z5_ScDC7E-Xv6BaIKdWutEt2s204zD336aA/s1600/Manifest+Destiny.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="932" data-original-width="960" height="387" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMkWEjr53bJqe02Es77EMUIRrKycwUtqyOaqGWJ10ek9QZtjFgqguCrzRtoi0WuOcvPSnh8uGsiegv1UParDtYAlUfo4hiT3vt6CAr_xc6Z5_ScDC7E-Xv6BaIKdWutEt2s204zD336aA/s400/Manifest+Destiny.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Not to be left
out, (pun intended) among those who supported the conquest of Mexico by the US,
were Karl Marx and Frederick Engels. Having published the Communist Manifesto
also in 1848, Marx and Engels believed that the U.S. invasion would accelerate
the development of a “<b>modern</b>” capitalist Mexico, eventually producing a
revolutionary state led by the proletariat. Marx and Engels favored the
territorial expansion of <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40401093?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents"><i>progressive capitalism</i></a> and supported the European
imperialist aggressions being waged against "backward" tribes of
Indigenous Peoples around the world.
This version of the Master’s Narrative emerged as a “scientific” theory
promoted by Social Darwinists who posited as inevitable the <b>social evolution</b> of
human societies from <b>Savagery</b> through <b>Barbarism</b> to <b>Civilization</b>.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">It was the
American anthropologist Lewis H. Morgan who is credited with first articulating
the theory in his publication <b>Ancient Society</b> (1877) based on his observations
among the <b>Haudenosaunee Confederation</b> (Iroquois). This book was the inspiration for Friedrich
Engels who later wrote the book "<i>The Origin of the Family, Private
Property and the State</i>" published in 1884. The Social Darwinists applied
the theory of terrestrial biological evolution trying to analyze the evolution
of family systems, but could only surmise from within the intellectual matrix
of the reductionist sciences being formulated according to the dogma of
materialism fundamental to the Western worldview: The <b>Mastermind</b> of the<b>
Master’s Narrative</b>.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Engels expanded
Morgan's hypothesis, positing what economic factors caused the transformation
of the "<b>primitive community</b>" into a society divided into classes. The
Engels theory of control of material resources, and then Karl Marx's, was used
to explain the cause-effect of change in family structure and its functioning.
In the Western intellectual hierarchy, the popularity of this theory was almost
without challenge until the 1980’s when other theories, notably <i>structural
functionalism</i>, gained acceptance.</span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Today, under the
controlling rubric of the <b>UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development</b>, the
spirituality and scientific reality of the millennial cultures of Indigenous
Peoples on all continents of <b>Tonantzin, Our Sacred Mother Earth</b>, has yet to
been substantively integrated into any projection of the matrix of values,
whether in social, political, or cultural terms in global economic
policies. The concept of currency has
been captured and is being held hostage by the alienated institutions of the
global financial markets. Alternative
conceptions of <a href="http://unpfip.blogspot.com/2014/12/seven-global-currencies-of-indigenous.html">community currencies</a> which are life sustaining and not profit
driven have been ignored.</span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Today the
commodification of the natural world (Time is Money:Space is Property) extends
to the sky itself as “Green Corporate Economics” promotes <b>carbon offset markets</b>
to $deal$ with greenhouse gas emissions. Anthropocentric conceptions of
society, which presume the human being in supremacy over other life forms of
the planet, now have gone to as far as to identify the Anthropocene as a
geochronological epoch marked by the spike in impact of human technologies on
the ecosystems of earth.</span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The <a href="https://www.onondaganation.org/news/2018/the-citizenship-act-of-1924/">Haudenosaunee Councils of Self Government </a>and territorial jurisdiction that still function
today are not based on the concepts of “dominion” “control” or “ownership” but
gratitude, confederacy, and responsibility to future generations of all life. A
visit to the Haudenosaunee Councils of self-government still standing today
outside of the US and Canadian governments’ colonizing systems of control and
domestication, serves as a reminder that the theoretical assumptions of the
“civilized” “modern” paradigm are many times simply presumptions of superiority
over the Indigenous Peoples whom are regarded as “savages” and
“underdeveloped”. These petrified ideologies of the Master’s Narrative, both
right and left, consider Indigenous Peoples as obstacles to progress and
development.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The <b>addiction of
alienation</b>, the spiritual void at the core of the colonizing social schema,
feeds upon the greed of human consumption and the profiteering of consumerism.
In this schema of “civilization” capitalism is the drug of not of choice, but
the anesthesia that threatens to overwhelm the critical consciousness of
humanity. As the power elites of the world scramble to institute a system of
global <b>climate apartheid</b>, the oligarchies and plutocracies push the public
constituencies into a coma of limitless consumerism and denial of the evident
realities of anthropogenic climate change exacerbated by greenhouse gas
emissions.<b> </b></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eGc9pCVO1uA&t=25s">Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848) </a></b></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">What
is evident is what is absent. The <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KhP-1MNTKfA"><b>Master’s Narrative</b></a> is silent when it
comes to speak of justice. The signing
of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848 precedes by twenty years the
ratification of the 14<sup>th</sup> amendment to the US Constitution (1868)
wherein the rights of US citizenship and nationality were opened up for the
first time in US history to “<b>non-whites</b>”.</span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">How
did the treaty address this issue in the articles 8 and 9 which described the
terms of acquisition or retention of nationality for the Mexican constituencies
in the ceded territories? For the <b>Original Nations</b> of <b>Indigenous
Peoples</b> of the territory preceding the arrival of Spain or the independence
of Mexico?</span></span><i><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> </span></span></b></i><br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">With what justification did the Mexican government of 1848
presume to negotiate away the territorial and human rights of the Indigenous
Peoples of the territory who never gave consent to such an agreement of
representation?</span></span></b><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">It
was not until 1987 that the violation of the collective rights of Indigenous
Peoples in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Territories was addressed in the
context of contemporary <b>Human Rights</b> law standards. That year during the annual session of the
United Nations Human Rights Commission in Geneva, Switzerland a representative
of <a href="https://cdb-tonatierra.blogspot.com/2013/02/nohuanyolqueh-following-is.html?fbclid=IwAR2LLfz4y-W8VgfJvtc2dGgD1QboGG6onkFBwJL87aeXz8gjOHavsaG3rcw"><b>Tlahtokan Izkalotl</b></a> presented a formal intervention which provided the
documentary evidence of the systematic discrimination against the Human Rights
of Indigenous Peoples, specifically violation of the right of <b>Self
Determination</b>. The 1987 denunciation before the highest international
agency of human rights protection revealed a system of international collusion
and colonization which begins with the denial of the <b>right of nationality</b>
of <b>Indigenous Peoples</b> as <b>Original Nations</b> of <b>Mother Earth</b> whose histories in the
territory and on the continent <b>Abya Yala</b> supersede the arrival of the
European “settler states” by millennia.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The
collusion is systemic. The system is the colonial implementation of the
Westphalian system of state sovereignty and the imposition by force of state
violence categories of citizenship and nationality (or lack thereof) in the
republics established under the colonizing schema of the states, along with
their respective “immigration” legislative frameworks and enforcement
policies. In both the US and Mexico, the
legislative framework of the states is dominated by the pervasive cultural schema
of “White” supremacy. This continues to be the real “immigration issue” across
the continent which faces not only the still surviving Original Nations of
Indigenous Peoples, but the moral conscience of the corresponding
constituencies of the settler states and the international community at large.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">All
of the domestic states and national sovereignties of the republics which
emerged from European-American colonization preceded from colonies, provinces,
and territories that derived their claims for territorial dominion in this
hemisphere on the racist Doctrine of Discovery of Christendom and the <b>legaloid</b>
precedent of the Papal Bulls <i>Inter Caetera</i> 1493. The states of Texas and
Coahuila are not an exception, but they are distinguished from each other by
the mechanisms by which this purported territorial settler state jurisdiction
was developed and <b>has been upheld till today</b>.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">In
the case of Texas, the <b>Common Law</b> of the Anglo-American system of
jurisprudence provides the context for the legal argument, while in Coahuila it
is the <b>Civil Law</b> as derivative of the legal systems of the Roman Empire
that rules the court systems. Two systems, same game. </span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Consequently,
the international borders of the domestic states and national sovereignties of
the republics which emerged from European-American colonization must also be
acknowledged to be vestiges of colonialism which was proclaimed an illegal
violation of international law by <b>UN</b> <b>General Assembly resolution 1514</b> in
1960:</span></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span></b><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://www.un.org/en/decolonization/declaration.shtml"><br /></a>
<a href="https://www.un.org/en/decolonization/declaration.shtml"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">Declaration on the
Granting of Independence</span></b></span></a><br />
<a href="https://www.un.org/en/decolonization/declaration.shtml"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">to Colonial Countries and Peoples</span></b></span></a></div>
<a href="https://www.un.org/en/decolonization/declaration.shtml"><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></span></b></a>
<a href="https://www.un.org/en/decolonization/declaration.shtml"><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Adopted by General
Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) <i>of 14 December 1960</i></span></span></b></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="https://www.un.org/en/decolonization/declaration.shtml"><i><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"></span></span></b></i></a></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span></i><br />
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<i><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The General
Assembly,</span></span></i></div>
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</div>
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<br />
<i><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Mindful of the
determination proclaimed by the peoples of the world in the Charter of the
United Nations to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity
and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women and of
nations large and small and to promote social progress and better standards of
life in larger freedom,</span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"></span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> </span></span></i></div>
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<br />
<i><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Conscious of the
need for the creation of conditions of stability and well-being and peaceful
and friendly relations based on respect for the principles of equal rights and
self-determination of all peoples, and of universal respect for, and observance
of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to
race, sex, language or religion,</span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> </span></span></i></div>
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<br />
<i><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Recognizing the
passionate yearning for freedom in all dependent peoples and the decisive role
of such peoples in the attainment of their independence,</span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"></span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> </span></span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Aware of the
increasing conflicts resulting from the denial of or impediments in the way of
the freedom of such peoples, which constitute a serious threat to world peace,</span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"></span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> </span></span></i></div>
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<br />
<i><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Considering the
important role of the United Nations in assisting the movement for independence
in Trust and Non-Self-Governing Territories,</span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"></span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> </span></span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Recognizing that
the peoples of the world ardently desire the end of colonialism in all its
manifestations,</span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"></span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> </span></span></i></div>
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<br />
<i><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Convinced that the
continued existence of colonialism prevents the development of international
economic co-operation, impedes the social, cultural and economic development of
dependent peoples and militates against the United Nations ideal of universal
peace,</span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"></span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> </span></span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Affirming that
peoples may, for their own ends, freely dispose of their natural wealth and
resources without prejudice to any obligations arising out of international
economic co-operation, based upon the principle of mutual benefit, and
international law,</span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> </span></span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Believing that the
process of liberation is irresistible and irreversible and that, in order to
avoid serious crises, an end must be put to colonialism and all practices of
segregation and discrimination associated therewith,</span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"></span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> </span></span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Welcoming the
emergence in recent years of a large number of dependent territories into
freedom and independence, and recognizing the increasingly powerful trends
towards freedom in such territories which have not yet attained independence,</span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"></span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> </span></span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Convinced that all
peoples have an inalienable right to complete freedom, the exercise of their
sovereignty and the integrity of their national territory,</span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"></span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> </span></span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Solemnly proclaims
the necessity of bringing to a speedy and unconditional end colonialism in all
its forms and manifestations;</span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"></span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> </span></span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">And to this end
Declares that:</span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"></span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> </span></span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">1. The subjection
of peoples to alien subjugation, domination and exploitation constitutes a
denial of fundamental human rights, is contrary to the Charter of the United
Nations and is an impediment to the promotion of world peace and co-operation.</span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"></span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> </span></span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">2. All peoples
have the right to self-determination; by virtue of that right they freely
determine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social and
cultural development.</span></span></i><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b> </b></span></span><br />
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>The Doctrine of Discovery and US Immigration
Law</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Emigrants – Immigrants –
Migrants</b> </span></span><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">When
the rebellious American colonists formulated the <b>Declaration of Independence</b>
in 1776, they made a point to acknowledge the “consanguinity” with their
“British brethren”. They explicitly warned against “unwarrantable jurisdiction”
and clearly identified themselves as “emigrants” from England. The Indigenous Peoples, “Indians” “Native
Americans” received the designation of “<b>merciless Indian Savages</b>”.</span></span></div>
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<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The
US Declaration of Independence was ratified at the Second Continental Congress
in 1776 by all thirteen states, formerly colonies under the British Crown. The
First Continental Congress (1774) had to make do with the absence of Georgia,
who was too engaged in beating back (with British support) the indigenous
uprising of the <b>Creek Nation</b> to attend.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The
Creek Nation would later suffer the <b>Trail of Tears</b> (1830-1850), a series
of forced marches of relocation to the Oklahoma Territory justified under the <b>1830
Indian Removal Act</b>. Only after the Creek were violently removed from their
ancestral homelands was Georgia integrated into the US federation of states, as
a “<b>white male</b>” political construct.
In spite of all the official accountings of the <b>Master’s Narrative</b>
of American History (a history of colonization and world empire) the 23,000
remnants of the Creek nation that made their way to Oklahoma between 1827 and
the end of removal in 1837, were in reality not “emigrants” from their original
national homelands, they were not “immigrants” to another foreign country, and
neither were they “migrants” on expedition to explore new lands of their own
free will.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The
Creek Nation was forced from their ancestral homelands to make way for the
economies of exploitation and colonization at the hands of the expanding
“White” elite power structure, AKA America.
An objective analysis today would describe the same processes of
historical dynamics to report on the assault on the Original Nations of
Indigenous Peoples in Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador under the
very same regimes of exploitation and colonization, now modernized in the age
of multilateral “<b>Free Trade Agreements</b>”.
The result is <b>econogenics</b>, the policy and tactics of ethnic
cleansing realized via the monopoly on violence of the State, at the service of
the corporate and financial empires of <b>neoliberal capitalism</b>.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The
history of transition from a chartered colony of Christendom, to a territory
ruled by force of violent invasion by the European American “white” colonizers,
to the formation of a polity of statehood and subsequent admission into the
union of states called the USA, also required a systemic mechanism to control
the allegiances, nationality and citizenship of the constituencies of the new
republic as a whole. In the absence of
the absolute command of allegiance of the Sovereign, in this case King George
of England, the colonies broke from the <i>modus operandi</i> of the cartel of
the <b>Divine Right of Kings</b> (Christendom).
It became necessary to format the public consciousness in a systematic
manner, <b>manufacturing consent</b> for the rationalization and expansion of
territorial dominion via political acts of allegiance to the <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uLILAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA4&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=4#v=onepage&q&f=false"><b>Divine Right of States</b></a>. It became necessary to
manufacture the mythology of America.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The
“experiment in American Democracy” developed a constitutional framework based
on recognition of the democratic principle of the inherent <b>right of
self-governance</b> of the “people” by the “people”. But “people” is not “<b><i>peoples</i></b>”
and in the tradition of precedent embedded in the principles of <b>Anglo-American
common law</b>, the “<b><i>people</i></b>” is plural of the “<b><i>person</i></b>”
in legal status, responsibility and rights.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">In
the beginnings of the United States of America the controls on allegiance,
nationality, and citizenship in the fledgling republic was simply done by
controlling and defining the legal concept of “<b>person</b>” within the norms
of the culture and the proceedings of the courts at all levels. The Declaration
of Independence refers to “<b>Savage Tribes</b>”, positioning Indigenous
Peoples completely outside of the body politic and legal personhood of the new
republic, while later the US Constitution referred to the African human slaves
as <a href="https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=http://www.quatloos.com/Q-Forum/viewtopic.php?t=10412&httpsredir=1&article=5386&context=faculty_scholarship"><b>3/5 of a person</b>.</a></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">This
system came under stress from within after the Civil War when the <b>14<sup>th</sup>
Amendment</b> to the constitution (1868) established a new context for the
interpretation of the rights of “persons” within the construct of US society and
corresponding rights of citizenship.
Although “American Indians” were excluded from the protections of the 14<sup>th</sup>
Amendment, corporations as “artificial persons” have been acknowledged with the
rights of personhood in US law since 1888.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">After
the 14<sup>th</sup> Amendment and the consequent adoption of <b>Civil Rights</b>
laws, the non-white constituencies were provided access to the rights of US
citizenship and nationality, but only within the constraints of what the
dominant “White power structure” would allow.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">It
must be acknowledged that the US Civil Rights are laws protecting individual
rights and privileges, not collective rights. The international crimes of
colonization and genocide could never be addressed or resolved in a domestic
court operating under the constraints of context and precedent of the settler
state juridical systems. Much less <b>treaty rights</b>, such as presented in
the still ongoing conflict over the <a href="https://redabyayala.blogspot.com/2017/02/continental-commission-abya-yala-treaty.html">Dakota Access Pipeline at the Treaty Territories</a> of Standing Rock.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> </span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXyiUx4vHeNNG9ksvw4K9YcDYMJrWtah-z3OhzG4iIVn0sLZpuqGOIswsFgXOMgUm3-HpxoUiQTkwwn-pFvnnYjjtbOOKXzFYWsDKYpzJahVkjsXiWYOfe5xY8__8JYMMHK1mwjHGuAuU/s1600/16865095_1545189162159108_4090003876493695597_n.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="297" data-original-width="414" height="286" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXyiUx4vHeNNG9ksvw4K9YcDYMJrWtah-z3OhzG4iIVn0sLZpuqGOIswsFgXOMgUm3-HpxoUiQTkwwn-pFvnnYjjtbOOKXzFYWsDKYpzJahVkjsXiWYOfe5xY8__8JYMMHK1mwjHGuAuU/s400/16865095_1545189162159108_4090003876493695597_n.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The
US civil rights are rights of subscription, subscription to the <b>Master’s
Narrative</b> of territorial dominion under the tenets of the Doctrine of
Discovery of Christendom. The script of subscription is the pledge of
allegiance to the settler state apparatus and mythology of American exceptionalism. All US Civil Rights laws are referenced by
the rights of “<b>White Persons</b>” as the legal standard. With the
codification of the rights of “White Persons” as legal standard, the legal and
social definition of personhood remains in control of the “White” colonial
cultural narrative. </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">For
the Original Nations of Indigenous Peoples to subscribe to be minions of this
dehumanizing geopolitical schema of dominion, to aspire to “equality” with the
colonizer <b>in the system of the colonizer</b> is tantamount to 525 morons
trying to ride a single oxcart to the Metropole Ride at Disneyland.</span></span><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="https://cdb-tonatierra.blogspot.com/2012/10/no-somos-inmigrantes-en-nuestro-propio.html"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b><i>As Indigenous Peoples we are not
immigrants in our own continent.</i></b></span></span></a></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="https://cdb-tonatierra.blogspot.com/2012/10/no-somos-inmigrantes-en-nuestro-propio.html"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span></a></div>
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<a href="https://cdb-tonatierra.blogspot.com/2012/10/no-somos-inmigrantes-en-nuestro-propio.html"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">IV Continental Indigenous Summit Abya Yala </span></span></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="https://cdb-tonatierra.blogspot.com/2012/10/no-somos-inmigrantes-en-nuestro-propio.html"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span></a></div>
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<a href="https://cdb-tonatierra.blogspot.com/2012/10/no-somos-inmigrantes-en-nuestro-propio.html"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Puno, Tawatinsuyo [Peru 2009]<b> </b></span></span></a><br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b> </b></span></span><br />
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>The
path to US citizenship: Forked Tongue Forks on the Road</b> </span></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The
<b>Citizenship Clause</b> is the first sentence of the Fourteenth Amendment to
the United States Constitution, which was adopted on July 9, 1868. It states
that "<b><i>All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and
subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of
the State wherein they reside</i></b>."</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">These provisions of the 14th
amendment are codified in the Federal Statutes under <b>United States Code
(U.S.C.) Title 8 "Aliens and Nationality." </b>There are 15 Chapters
in Title 8; Chapter 12 governs Immigration and Nationality. There are 5 subchapters.<b> </b></span></span></div>
</div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>U.S.
Code Title 8. ALIENS AND NATIONALITY </b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>CHAPTER
12— IMMIGRATION AND NATIONALITY</b> </span></span><br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">SUBCHAPTER I—GENERAL PROVISIONS (§§ 1101-1107)</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">SUBCHAPTER
II—IMMIGRATION (§§ 1151-1382)</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">SUBCHAPTER
III—NATIONALITY AND NATURALIZATION (§§ 1401-1504)</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">SUBCHAPTER
IV—REFUGEE ASSISTANCE (§§ 1521-1525)</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">SUBCHAPTER
V—ALIEN TERRORIST REMOVAL PROCEDURES (§§ 1531-1537)</span></span></blockquote>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #660000;">************* </span></span></div>
</div>
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Here
is where the policies of the <b>American Apartheid</b> system are perpetuated
under the cover of law. Without the tie
to the English Crown to provide the continuity of the imperial system of
naturalization (a royal hierarchy, <i>i.e.</i> as subjects of the crown) to the
integration of “non-white” populations into the body politic, the US relies on
the constitutional framing of the “<b><i>person</i></b>” as either a <b>US
Citizen</b> or <b>National</b> under these statutes defining <b>aliens</b> and
determining the principles to recognize (and/or deny) <b>nationality</b>.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">In the breakdown of U.S. Code Title 8 from <b>Chapters</b>
to <b>Subchapters</b> a <b>constraint of definition</b> of the term “<b>person</b>”
is disclosed.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">In
<b>Subchapter I</b> (General Provisions §§ 1101-1107) and <b>Subchapter II</b>
(Immigration §§ 1151-1382): “<i>person means an individual or an organization</i>”.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The meaning of “<b>person</b>” in <b>Subchapter III</b>
Nationality and Naturalization (§§ 1401 – 1504) is <b>not equivalent</b> to: “<i>an
individual or organization</i>”<b>.</b></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>SUBCHAPTER III—NATIONALITY AND NATURALIZATION</b>
is the section of the USCA Title 8 where the terms of the policies and law are
set in order to <b>ORDER</b> the regulations to follow regarding implementation
of the Citizenship Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States
Constitution. </span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b><i>“In law, man and person are not
exactly synonymous terms.”</i></b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><i>1 Bouv. Inst. n. 13</i> </span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Here
is the body of the law:<b> </b></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>U.S.
Code Title 8. ALIENS AND NATIONALITY</b></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>CHAPTER 12— IMMIGRATION AND NATIONALITY</b> </span></span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Subchapter I. GENERAL PROVISIONS</span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"></span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Section 1101. Definitions</span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Chapter 12 – Immigration and Nationality</span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"></span></span></blockquote>
</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">8 U.S. Code § 1101.
Definitions</span></span></blockquote>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">(a) As used in this <b>chapter</b>—……….</span></span></blockquote>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">(b) As used in <b>subchapters</b> I and II—</span></span></blockquote>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">(3) The term “person” means an individual
or an organization.</span></span></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">(c)As used in <b>subchapter III</b>...</span></span></blockquote>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
</div>
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>SUBCHAPTER III—NATIONALITY AND NATURALIZATION</b>
(§§ 1401 – 1504)</span></span>8
U.S. Code § 1401. Nationals and citizens
of United States at birth</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The
following shall be <b>nationals</b> and <b>citizens</b> of the United States at
birth:</span></span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">(a) a person born in the United States, and subject
to the jurisdiction thereof;</span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">(b) a person born in the United States to a member of
an Indian, Eskimo, Aleutian, or other
aboriginal tribe: Provided, That the granting of citizenship under this
subsection shall not in any manner impair or otherwise affect the right of such
person to tribal or other property;</span></span></blockquote>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #660000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">***********</span> </span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">While
there is no mention of US “<b>nationals</b>” in the 14<sup>th</sup> Amendment,
and with the understanding that the Constitution is the recognized highest law
of the land, Section 8 goes further to articulate the following in <b>Section
1101.8 Definitions</b>:<b> </b></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>National of the United States</b> </span></span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">(22) The term “national of
the United States” means</span></span>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"></span>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">(A) a citizen of
the United States, or</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: medium;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">(B) a person who, though not a citizen of the
United States, <b><i>owes permanent allegiance to the United States.</i></b></span></span>
</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK2;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;"></span></span></span></blockquote>
</div>
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Before even
beginning to question the <b>legal syntax</b> in this definitive chapter of US law
regarding citizenship and nationality, extrapolated from the US constitution,
it is necessary to recall that there are more than <b>500 Treaties</b> with the
“<b>Indian Nations</b>” of the continent on record in the same statutes of the US Congress. <b>Treaties are instruments of International
Law</b>. Treaties are legally binding
contracts between sovereign nations that establish those nations’ political and
property relations. Article Six of the United States Constitution holds that
treaties “<i>are the supreme law of the land</i>.”</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Treaties
are not made between a sovereign state and its citizens, or nationals.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Treaty
issues of dispute are not resolved in domestic courts, nor immigration courts
established under the arbitrary and discriminatory policies of an Attorney
General that is a political panderer to a deranged president.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Therefore,
for a polity such as the USA that derives is purported legal claim of <b>territorial
integrity</b> [dominion] on the continent to being a <b>successor settler state</b>
to the nefarious “Doctrine of Discovery” of Christendom, it is a legal
impossibility to recognize the collective personality of the Indigenous Peoples
as being equal in right before the law since to do so would necessitate the
recognition of full equality, without discrimination, of the individual
indigenous “person” as being equal to a “<b>white person</b>”.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Such a policy, or court decision,
or legislation, or presidential executive order, or political doctrine would<b>
</b>defy and deconstruct the logic and the theology of the very principles of
cultural superiority and the dominion of Christendom that the Doctrine as an <b>ideology
of inequality</b> commands over Indigenous Peoples of this continent. The claims of jurisdiction over indigenous
territories in legal terms by the states would disintegrate into nullity.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The
normalization of the Doctrine of Discovery of Christendom as instituted in law
and precedent in the US system of jurisprudence functions as a form of <b>international
affirmative action</b> of <b>systematic discrimination</b> in favor of the
European American “White” constituencies.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The
recognition of Indigenous Peoples in equality as “<i>persons</i>” within the
domestic context of Chapter 12 of the Immigration and Nationality provisions of
the U.S. Code Title 8. ALIENS AND NATIONALITY would immediately invoke the equality
of Indigenous Peoples as “<b><i>Peoples, equal to all other peoples</i></b>…”
in the context of contemporary international law. Seen in this light, the
notorious <b>SCOTUS</b> “<b>Marshall Trilogy</b>” of the Discovery Doctrine,
Plenary Power, and Domestic Dependent Nationhood collapses into total
incoherence.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">As
<i>peoples equal to all other peoples</i>, the <b>Original Nations</b> of <b>Indigenous
Peoples </b>would also consequently and necessarily be recognized in terms of <b>International
Law</b> as “<b>Nations, equal to all other nations</b>” whereupon the racist
and discriminatory tenets of the Doctrine of Discovery are cast off as the
pathologic relic of the era of European colonization.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The
Doctrine of Discovery of Christendom is a zombie doctrine, it was death on
arrival.</span></span></div>
<span style="color: #990000;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span></span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #990000;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: #660000;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">**************</span></span></span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>“</b><span style="font-size: medium;">This preliminary study establishes that the Doctrine of
Discovery has been institutionalized in law and policy, on national and
international levels, and lies at the root of the violations of indigenous
peoples’ human rights, both individual and collective. This has resulted in
State claims to and the mass appropriation of the lands, territories and
resources of indigenous peoples. Both the Doctrine of Discovery and a holistic
structure that we term the Framework of Dominance have resulted in centuries of
virtually unlimited resource extraction from the traditional territories of
indigenous peoples. This, in turn, has resulted in the dispossession and
impoverishment of indigenous peoples, and the host of problems that they face
today on a daily basis.”</span><i> </i></span></span><br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><i>United Nations Preliminary Study on the Impact of the
Doctrine of Discovery 2010</i></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><i> </i></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><i> </i></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiSwC8VvHq1szKmpknIwf15iWmA4fZMz745WloPg7is-muJ64AwyBYOLF32DOd0Bl-yE0F3SIvalfDN6-IcNCHKjvWx4Pqd0clXqtvmRLEnkGf93oR-1fAIxdVPKF6yvQ2I0-JiwS6faI/s1600/IMG_2808.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1329" data-original-width="1600" height="331" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiSwC8VvHq1szKmpknIwf15iWmA4fZMz745WloPg7is-muJ64AwyBYOLF32DOd0Bl-yE0F3SIvalfDN6-IcNCHKjvWx4Pqd0clXqtvmRLEnkGf93oR-1fAIxdVPKF6yvQ2I0-JiwS6faI/s400/IMG_2808.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">In
the intervention by <b>Tlahtokan Izkalotl</b> at the 1987 United Nations Human
Rights Commission, the correlation between the international legal systems
regulating cession of territories among the dominions of Christendom was
referenced as an example of the systemic collusion among the successor states
in the Americas. This <b>collusion</b>
is in play even as the colonizing powers <b>compete</b> and engage each other
in open war over territory and markets.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The
Crown of Spain transfers a franchise of title, not a possessory right, over
territory to the Crown of France, the Crown of France then sells the franchise
complete with the brand name of the French King to the bastard issue of the
King of England (Uncle Sam), and <b><i>voilà!</i></b> Historians then teach
about the Louisiana Purchase without substantive critical questioning of the underlying,
overlying, and just plain lies of the original claims to <b>purported title</b>
over the territories which all three monarchies share in common as subscribers
to the Doctrine of Discovery of Christendom, patented by the <b>King of Kings</b>
in the <b>Vatican</b>.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Today
the game is the same, but the rules have been modified to enable the modern
mechanisms of expropriation of resources and exploitation of labor in the form
of “<b>International Trade Agreements</b>”, either multilateral or
bilateral. Colonialism today in not
called colonization, it is called development. Of the top 100 economic entities
in today’s world, 69 are not countries but corporations. Of the top 200 the
number is 157.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">There
is no pretense today that the <b>Development Goals</b> being promoted by the <b>World
Bank</b> with the UN system in tow is intended to enhance the development of
our common humanity or defend the <b>Human Rights</b> of our <b>Common Future</b>:
the future generations. The agenda is set by the profit margins of the
corporate and financial regimes that control and manipulate the international
systems that dominate global international relations. The scheme calls for the privatization of
profits and the externalization of costs to the public coffers.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The
environmental devastation and cumulative effects of the degradation of
ecosystems resulting in <a href="http://unpfip.blogspot.com/2012/05/terracide.html"><b>TERRACIDE</b> </a>is not on the agenda nor is it
recognized except within the context of the “<b>market mechanisms</b>” of the
financial markets of global capitalism.
These issues are not properly identified as <b>exposures of risk</b> and
<b>financial liability</b> for corporations in the standard accounting
practices that regulate the reporting of profit margins for the global
financial markets, such as the <b>World Bank</b>.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Instead,
the Original Nations of Indigenous Peoples who stand in defense of the <b>Territorial
Integrity of Mother Earth</b> on their traditional homelands are to be
annihilated by any means necessary.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Today
the multi-lateral or bi-lateral trade agreements and financial arrangements
define the power arrangements of “<b>Free Market Zones</b>” and international
private-public consortia among the corporate cartels. Yet the international corporate cartels rely
on the appearances of legitimacy that the <b>licensing procedures</b> and
regulatory privileges which the settler state mechanisms provide in order to
continue the plunder and destruction of indigenous territories with impunity.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">In
1848 the stipulations of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in articles 8 and 9
for the <b>collective naturalization </b>of the former citizens and subjects of
the Republic of Mexico who remained north of the line of demarcation of the new
border did not specifically distinguish these Mexicans Nationals as “<b>White
Mexicans</b>” or “<b>non-white Mexicans</b>”.
Article 11 identified the “<b>savage tribes</b>” who continued to occupy
“a great part of the territories…” and also “<b><i>Indians inhabiting the
territory of either of the two republics</i></b>”.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Instead
the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo identified “<b>Mexicans now established</b>”
and “<b>Mexicans not established</b>” in Article 8. In today’s context we might presume that
these phrasings refer to Mexicans “with papers” and Mexicans “without papers”.
There is absolutely no mention of either “Hispanics” or “Latinos” an any
article of the treaty.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The
question then becomes how was it that the non-white Mexican Indigenous Peoples,
Original Nations, and other non-whites were to become integrated into the rights of US citizenship
in 1848 when the process of naturalization into the US body politic was limited
under the naturalization proceedings to the “<b>Free White Male</b>”? Or conversely, was integration ever really
the objective, or has the political project of the “<b>Trump Wall</b>” revealed
that US federal policy towards non-white Mexicans in the ceded territories is
either forced assimilation (as Latinos or Hispanics) or <b>annihilation</b> as
Indigenous Peoples?</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Enter
the non-citizen national.<b> </b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>U.S.
Code Title 8. ALIENS AND NATIONALITY</b></span></span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>CHAPTER 12— IMMIGRATION AND NATIONALITY</b> </span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Subchapter I. GENERAL PROVISIONS</span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Section 1101.8 Definitions</span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">(22) The term “national of the United
States” means</span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">(B) a <b>person</b> who, though not a citizen of the
United States, <i>owes permanent allegiance</i> to the United States.</span></span></blockquote>
</div>
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #990000;"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: #660000;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">******************************</span><b> </b></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="color: #990000;"><span style="color: #660000;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Person – Inhabitant - Savage</b></span></span></span></span> </span></span><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The
southern border of the United States extends from the Florida coastline
to California. The section of that border that was defined
by the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (US-Mexico 1848) is the overland
boundary
from the delta of the Rio Grande on the east to the Tijuana Riverbed on
the
west. The border along the oceanic
coastline on the Gulf of Mexico was initially established by agreements
with
France and Spain under the terms of the Louisiana Purchase (1803) and
the
Adams-Onís Treaty (1819) respectfully.
The government of Mexico agreed to honor the terms of the Adams-Onís
Treaty between the US and Spain with the Treaty of Limits Mexico-United
States
(1828).</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">In
consequence and in the context of the history of territorial expansion of the
US which would encompass the capture not only of territory but human
populations, populations which were not “white” – the formulae of international
law regarding the rights of <b>inhabitants of ceded territories</b> was put
into policy.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Here
is the Article IX of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo as ratified:</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The <b>Mexicans</b> who, in the territories
aforesaid, shall not preserve the character of citizens of the Mexican
Republic, conformably with what is stipulated in the preceding article, shall
be incorporated into the Union of the United States and be admitted at the
proper time (to be judged of by the Congress of the United States) to the
enjoyment of all the rights of citizens of the United States, according to the
principles of the Constitution; and in the <b><i>meantime</i></b>, shall be
maintained and protected in the free enjoyment of their liberty and property,
and secured in the free exercise of their religion without restriction.</span></span></blockquote>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">This article
is an extraction from Article III of the 1803 Treaty with France (Louisiana
Purchase):</span></span> </div>
</div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The <b>inhabitants</b> of the ceded territory shall
be incorporated in the Union of the United States and admitted as soon as
possible according to the principles of the federal Constitution to the
enjoyment of all these rights, advantages and immunities of citizens of the
United States, and in the <b><i>meantime</i></b> they shall be maintained and
protected in the free enjoyment of their liberty, property and the Religion
which they profess.</span></span></blockquote>
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Similar language is also to
be found in the Adams-Onís 1819 Treaty with Spain:</span></span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The <b>inhabitants</b> of the ceded territories shall
be secured in the free exercise of their religion, without any restriction; and
all those who may desire to remove to the Spanish dominions shall be permitted
to sell or export their effects, at any time whatever, without being subject,
in either case, to duties.</span></span></blockquote>
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Preceding
the 14<sup>th</sup> Amendment in 1868, the times were very mean indeed if you
were a non-white “<b>inhabitant</b>” within the territorial boundaries of the
USA. If you were considered a “<b>Savage</b>”
or “<b>Indian</b>” the greatness of America was a promise of dispossession,
forced assimilation, and genocide.</span></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The
processes of incorporation of the territories that now comprise the southern
border of the USA followed from the pattern of the formation of territories
under direct governance under the Executive Office of the President, to the
formation of States under constitutional frameworks in accord with the <b><i>principles
of the US Constitution</i></b>. The Southern States of the Confederacy that
ceded from the Union had to be readmitted under the terms of Reconstruction after
the Civil War<b>.</b></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Louisiana
State Constitution of 1812</b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Sect. 4. No person shall be a Representative who, at
the time of his election is not a <b>free white male citizen</b> of the United
States, and hath not attained to the age of twenty one years, and resided in
the state two years next preceding his election, and the last year thereof in
the county for which he may be chosen or in the district for which he is
elected in case the said counties may be divided into separate districts of
election, and has not held for one year in the said county or district landed
property to the value of five hundred dollars agreeably to the last list.</span></span></blockquote>
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>The Mississippi Constitution of 1817</b></span></span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">ARTICLE III: LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT</span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Section 1. Every <b>free, white male person</b> of the
age of twenty-one years or upwards, who shall be a citizen of the United
States, and shall have resided in this State one year next preceding an
election, and the last six months within the county, city, or town, in which he
offers to vote, and shall be enrolled in the militia thereof, except exempted
by law from military service; or, having the aforesaid qualifications of
citizenship and residence, shall have paid a State or county tax, shall be
deemed a qualified elector: no elector shall be entitled to vote, except in the
county, city or town (entitled to separate representation) in which he may
reside at the time of the election.</span></span></blockquote>
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Alabama
Constitution of 1819</b></span></span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif;">ARTICLE III: LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT.SEC. 5. Every <b>white male person</b> of the age of
twenty-one years, or upwards, who shall be a citizen of the United States, and
shall have resided in this State one year next preceding an election, and the
last three months within the county, city, or town, in which he offers to vote,
shall be deemed a qualified elector: Provided, that no soldier, seaman, or
marine, in the regular army or navy of the United States, shall be entitled to
vote at any election in this State; and provided, also, that no elector shall
be entitled to vote except in the county, city, or town, (entitled to separate
representation,) in which he may reside at the time of the election.</span></span></blockquote>
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Florida joined the
union of states as a slave state after at least three major wars of
extermination and displacement of the <b>Seminole Nation</b>.<b> </b></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Florida
Constitution of 1838</b> </span></span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">ARTICLE VI. The Right of Suffrage and Qualifications
of Officers; Civil Offices; and Impeachments, and Removals from Office.</span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Section 1. Every <b>free white male person</b> of the
age of twenty-one years and upwards, and who shall be at the time of offering
to vote a citizen of the United States; and who shall have resided, and had his
habitation, domicil, home, and place of permanent abode in Florida for two
years next preceding the election at which he shall offer to vote; and who
shall have at such time, and for six months immediately preceding said time,
shall have had his habitation, domicil, home, and place of permanent abode in
the County in which he may offer to vote, and who shall be enrolled in the
Militia thereof, (unless by law exempted from serving in the Militia,) shall be
deemed a qualified elector at all elections under this Constitution, and none
others;</span></span></blockquote>
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">In
1850 California was admitted to the US under the following constitution which
stated:<b> </b></span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Californian Constitution
1849</b></span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"></span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Article
II. Right of Suffrage</span></span></blockquote>
</div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Sec. 1.
Every <b>white male
citizen</b> of the
United States, and every
<b>white male citizen
of Mexico</b>, who shall have
elected to become a citizen of the United States, under the
treaty of peace exchanged and ratified at Queretaro, on the
30th day of May, 1848
of the age
of twenty–one years,
who shall have been
a resident of
the State six
months next preceding the election, and
the county or
district in which
he claims his vote
thirty days, shall
be entitled to
vote at all
elections which are now
or hereafter may
authorized by law: Provided, nothing
herein contained, shall
be construed to prevent
the Legislature, by
a two–thirds concurrent
vote, from admitting to the right
of suffrage, Indians
or the descendants of
Indians, in such
<i>special cases</i> as
such proportion of the legislative body may deem just and proper.</span></span></blockquote>
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">What was to become the
States of New Mexico and Arizona were originally formulated under the <b>Territory
of New Mexico</b>, whose enabling act in 1850 stated:</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">31st US Congress, Chapter 49 September 9, 1850</span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">US Territorial Act Government of New Mexico,</span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Sec. 6. And be
it further enacted, That every <b>free white male inhabitant</b>, above the age
of twenty-one years, who shall have been a resident of said Territory at the
time of passage of this act, shall be entitled to vote at the first election,
and shall be eligible to any office within the said Territory; but the
qualifications of voters and of holding office, at all subsequent elections,
shall be such as be prescribed by the legislative assembly: Provided, That the
right of suffrage, and of holding office, shall be exercised only by citizens
of the United States, including those recognized as citizens by the treaty with
the <b>republic of Mexico</b>, concluded February second, eighteen hundred and
forty-eight.</span></span></blockquote>
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The
land lust of territorial expansion under the White Supremacy Doctrine of <b>US</b>
<b>Manifest Destiny</b> reached the west coast of the continent in 1848 after
the <b>War on Mexico</b>, but it didn’t stop there. In 1893 the <b>Kingdom of Hawaii</b> was
illegally overthrown in a US led conspiracy with the support of the US Marines,
and in 1898 the Territory of Hawaii was created as an <b>organized incorporated
territory</b> under<b> US</b> <b>sovereign dominion. </b>Hawaii was annexed as the 50<sup>th</sup>
state in 1959.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Also
in 1898, thirty years after the adoption of the 14<sup>th</sup> Amendment to
the US Constitution, the US stepped onto the world stage for the first time as
a truly global imperial power with the <b>Treaty of Paris </b>with Spain. Under the terms of this treaty, Spain ceded
her colonial interests in Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. Puerto Rico today is recognized as an <b>unincorporated
territory </b>in <b>Associated Free State</b> status under the US federal
republic, while <b>Guam</b> is only an unincorporated territory of the United
States. The Philippines was under bloody
US martial rule until achieving full independence in 1946, while the US
maintains the Guantánamo Bay military compound still today in Cuba.<b> </b></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>1898
Treaty of Paris: Treaty of Peace Between the United States and Spain</b></span></span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>ARTICLE VI</b> </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The <b>inhabitants</b> of the territories which His
Catholic Majesty cedes to the United States, by this treaty, shall be
incorporated in the Union of the United States as soon as may be consistent
with the principles of the Federal Constitution, and admitted to the enjoyment
of all the privileges, rights, and immunities of the citizens of the United
States.<b> </b></span></span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Article IX.</b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Spanish subjects</b>, <b>natives of the Peninsula</b>, residing in the territory over which
Spain by the present treaty relinquishes or cedes her sovereignty, may remain in
such territory or may remove therefrom, retaining in either event all their
rights of property, including the right to sell or dispose of such property or
of its proceeds; and they shall also have the right to carry on their industry,
commerce and professions, being subject in respect thereof to such laws as are
applicable to other foreigners. In case they remain in the territory they may
preserve their allegiance to the Crown of Spain by making, before a court of
record, within a year from the date of the exchange of ratifications of this
treaty, a declaration of their decision to preserve such allegiance; in default
of which declaration they shall be held to have renounced it and to have
adopted the nationality of the territory in which they may reside.</span></span></blockquote>
</div>
<blockquote>
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The civil rights and political status of the <b>native
inhabitants</b> of the territories hereby ceded to the United States shall be
determined by the Congress.</span></span></blockquote>
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">In
the case of Puerto Rico, under these provisions of the 1898 Treaty of Paris
between Spain and the US, the full rights of citizenship, namely the option to
either retain Spanish Nationality or the choice to pursue a “<b>path to
citizenship</b>” under the US occupation was <b>ONLY LEGALLY AVAILABLE</b> to the “White” <i>European Peninsulares</i>,
those born in Spain.</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">As
was the case of the incorporation of territories and populations acquired under
the international <b>Law of War</b> as articulated in the Treaty of Guadalupe
Hidalgo with Mexico in 1848, the “inhabitants” of the territory of Puerto Rico
acquired by cession from Spain were segregated into two categories. In the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848) the
categories were “<b>established</b>” and “<b>not established</b>” Mexicans. In
1898 and the Treaty of Paris, the categories were “<b>Peninsulares</b>” of
Spain and the “<b>native inhabitants</b>” of Puerto Rico.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The
problem for the US in 1848 was that the prerogatives of citizenship of the
Mexican constituencies of the treaty territories at the time was operative
under the <b>Mexican law</b> of the Constitution of 1824, which did not allow
for such racial segregation. For that
reason, the original article IX of the treaty created an international legal
entanglement regarding US-Mexican-Indigenous nationality that persists
unresolved to this day.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Mexican
nationals who could “pass for white” (<i>i.e. Purity of Hispanic, Criollo or Peninsular bloodlines)</i>
could avail themselves <b>individually</b> of the procedures of the “path to
citizenship” via the territorial and statehood acts in place that recognized “<b>white
male citizens of Mexico</b>” in parity to the Anglo “<b>free white male</b>”. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CGldCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA221&lpg=PA221&dq=People+v+pablo+de+la+guerra&source=bl&ots=EevyFcDDso&sig=ACfU3U3yp7fbS3L6gDLu8IXwz8twTRPK_w&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiiu4Hf5MbkAhWXqp4KHVRnCB04ChDoATABegQIBBAB#v=onepage&q=People%20v%20pablo%20de%20la%20guerra&f=false">Pablo De La Guerra</a> of Santa Barbara,
California was one of these. De La Guerra argued against being identified as a
“Mexican Indian” before the California Supreme Court in 1870, claiming status
as a “<b>White Male Citizen of Mexico</b>” making him eligible for US
citizenship.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The
original article IX of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo however called for the
maintenance and protection of the liberty, property and <b>civil rights</b> of <b>Mexicans</b>
in the ceded territories <b>as vested in the laws of Mexico</b> at the time.
For a society such as was being constructed under the social schema of “White
supremacy” and the pathology of Manifest Destiny, the commitment by the US
federal government to protect the civil rights of <b>non-white Mexicans</b> in
the territories was not only untenable, it was never even a real consideration.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">In
reflection, the systemic nature of the openly discriminatory official policies
in affirmation of “European White Supremacy” as a <b>geopolitical project</b>
with <b>global horizon</b> is irrefutable. Upon analysis and comparison of the
agreements that emerged from the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Conference"><b>Berlin Conference of 1884-1885</b></a> where
the European colonizing powers regulated among themselves the “<b>Scramble for
Africa</b>” the same colonial doctrines were sanctified in the name of “Western
Civilization”.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">In
Geneva in 1987, representatives of the <b>Zulu Nation</b> also attending the <b>UN
Human Rights Commission</b>, in intra-continental consultation with the
delegation of <b>Tlahtokan Izkalotl</b>, confirmed that in fact the
British-American colonizing history of North American was identical to that of
the British-Boer Republic in South Africa.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The
correlations between the tenets of the Doctrine of Discovery, the “principles
of the US Constitution”, “white supremacy”, “white person”, “US citizenship”,
“US Nationality” and <b>international legal personality</b> are obvious when
studied in historical record. What appears to be lost in the confusion of the
day is how this legaloid planetary pathology has morphed into an agency of
neoliberal corporate imperialism, and ultimately self-destruction.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">********************</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Memes
of Caste and the Anomaly of Histories</b> </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">To
fast forward to the current public dialogue on race, white supremacy, and
institutionalized racism in US that has been intensified during the administration
of President D.Trump, every day we see and hear echoes of the <b>memes of caste</b>
that are reinforced every time the phrase “<b>white people</b>” or “<b>white</b>”
is used to describe the <b>European American</b> populations of the United
States. That perpetuation of a caste-based
society would be completely antithetical to the precepts of the “American
Experiment of Democracy,” yet remain embedded in the vernacular of public and
private discourse regarding social relationships has roots in the <b>Indo-European</b>
histories, but is codified in the US Civil Rights statutes as follows:</span></span><br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">United
States Code</span></span></b></div>
<b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span></b><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">TITLE
42, CHAPTER 21, SUBCHAPTER I, § 1981.</span></span></b></div>
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Equal
rights under the law</span></span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">(a) Statement of equal rights</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">All persons within the jurisdiction of the United
States shall have the same right in every State and Territory to make and
enforce contracts, to sue, be parties, give evidence, and to the full and equal
benefit of all laws and proceedings for the security of persons and property as
is enjoyed by <b>white citizens</b>, and shall be subject to like punishment,
pains, penalties, taxes, licenses, and exactions of every kind, and to no
other.</span></span></blockquote>
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The
term <b>WHITE CITIZEN</b> is contextualized by the language of the 14th
Amendment to the US Constitution as follows:</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the
United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the
United States and of the state wherein they reside.</span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"></span></span></blockquote>
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Thus,
the connection is made institutionally and culturally via the <b>jurisprudence</b>
of the Master's Narrative, between concepts of white citizen and <b>WHITE
PERSON</b>, establishing legal personality within the US social construct as a
function of relationship to the dominant “white” power structures of rights and
obligations. The <b>anomaly</b> being
the Nican Tlacah Indigenous Peoples who <b>supersede</b> the US jurisdiction as
sovereign confederations of nations holding treaty relationships with the US
and other government states of the world.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">It
is evident today that the violent extremism of “White Supremacy” in American
society is a cresting phenomenon reflecting the insecurity of a public
constituency whose identity must first be normalized as “<b>white</b>” in order
<b>immigrate</b> into the psychology “<b>White Supremacy</b>”. The atrocities of extreme violence being
committed that target the “<b>non-white</b>” communities across the country are
being met by a likewise cresting wave of denunciation and determination to
address the root cause of the violence.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">From
the historical perspective of the surviving Original Nations of Indigenous
Peoples of the Great Turtle Island of Abya Yala, the violent colonial invasions
of <b>European American White Supremacy</b> are contextualized by the history
of <b>World War I</b>, which began with the invasion of our continent on
October 12, 1492. Just one example of
many (too many) makes the point: </span></span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHkSGV6leTqzyNo8ez-2FTpkUEFKuxU2gG0uyWfAxrppeAW4vYzm39a_QDJ_I38WtjH8X_TRho-tK3HYf4JZLZUENPwchOiNC2tKzsYbRmnRa8dtj58n0rbZEfe0bwdfj6VJOJ_RcnUTw/s1600/fullsizeoutput_6e11.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="508" data-original-width="550" height="368" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHkSGV6leTqzyNo8ez-2FTpkUEFKuxU2gG0uyWfAxrppeAW4vYzm39a_QDJ_I38WtjH8X_TRho-tK3HYf4JZLZUENPwchOiNC2tKzsYbRmnRa8dtj58n0rbZEfe0bwdfj6VJOJ_RcnUTw/s400/fullsizeoutput_6e11.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div>
</div>
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.3in; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The Sand Creek massacre was a massacre of Cheyenne
and Arapaho people by the U.S. Army in the American Indian Wars that occurred
on November 29, 1864, when a 675-man force of Colorado U.S. Volunteer
Cavalry[3] under the command of U.S. Army Colonel John Chivington attacked and
destroyed a village of Cheyenne and Arapaho people in southeastern Colorado
Territory, killing and mutilating an estimated 70–500 Native Americans, about
two-thirds of whom were women and children.</span></span></i></div>
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The
extremes of violence at <b>Sand Creek 1864</b> and <b>El Paso 2019 </b>are
connected via the Master’s Narrative.
But external and public acts of extreme violence are secondary. The
violence of “white supremacy” is initially psychological and emotional.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">For
the still standing Original Nations of Indigenous Peoples of Abya Yala, the
first act of violence was the attempt to erase our <b>collective history</b> as
<b>Nations of Mother Earth</b> and capture our sense of self identity as a
function of the invader’s cultural paradigms of geography, of language, of
science, civilization and religion. Our “savage” histories were to be
considered anecdotal, not official. The
erasure of memory did not begin with us, however.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The
very identity of “White People” itself is an erasure. It is an erasure of kinship and amputation of
community that spans not mere ideology but human generations. It begins with
the trauma of alienation from the spirit of humanity itself, and from the
natural world of Mother Earth.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">“White”
is not a nationality. There is no such territory on Mother Earth. There is no such reality in nature where the
“<b>melanin deprived</b>” folks get to claim a separate and superior status in
relation to all of the rest of us who are still, all of us, related to each
other in a <b>kindom</b> of humanity. We
are all <b><i>Chichimecas</i></b>: mammals.
As a species, we all share the “indigeneity” of 99% of the very same
genetic makeup as well as the<a href="https://blogs.commons.georgetown.edu/cctp-748-spring2018/2018/02/07/discrete-infinity-of-language/"> <b>inherent capacity</b></a> and <a href="https://chomsky.info/wp-content/uploads/state02.pdf">need to communicate</a>
with each other.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">When
the Nazis of Germany tried to impose their version of "<b>Teutonic
constitutionalism</b>” across the globe <b>we all</b> fought them back. Today, the normalization of the Master’s
Narrative is being driven openly by the predominant voice and the abject
cruelty of the policies of President D. Trump.
With Steve Bannon as empresario, Sheriff Joe Arpaio as the gorilla out
of the cage, and Steve Miller the stooge, the “<b>Trump Wall</b>” is a circus
scene where reality is not an invited guest on the show.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Yet
today it is <b>President Bolsonaro in Brazil</b> that is now literally bringing
back the true medieval nature of the 525-year-old “American” project of
colonization, genocide and TERRACIDE. The patriarchal pathology of imperialism
is no longer being scripted from the Vatican (King of Kings) nor the Crown
Powers of Christendom of the West but has morphed into the <b>supranational</b>
systems of corporate and financial control that command the economies of the
states. And now today it is the
corporate state of <a href="http://chinaambienteyderechos.lat/"><b>China</b></a> that has joined in to <a href="https://multimedia.scmp.com/week-asia/article/3011618/beijing-conquest-latin-america/index.html">collude and compete</a> as
well in what is intended to be the final phase of a pogrom of continental
annihilation of the Original nations of Indigenous Peoples of Abya Yala. It is
the Chinese government position that there are no Indigenous Peoples (such as
the Tibetans) in China, just ethnic Chinese. It is in partnership with
corporations backed by the Chinese government that many megadevelopment
projects in the southern states of the continent are being imposed in open
violation of the territorial rights and Human Rights of the Indigenous Peoples.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The
electoral systems of the states are simply a necessary inconvenience for these
elite power structures, a venue to legitimize, commodify and commercialize the
electorates in pursuit of contractual arrangements to the benefit of the global
corporate and financial empires of <b>petropolis</b>: the global fossil fuel
industry.<b> </b></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Superseding
the Doctrine of Discovery</b> </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The
exercise of <b>Indigenous Nationality</b> as a collective geopolitical right
that is not only <b>extra-constitutional</b> in character but also stands outside
of the international Westphalian system of state sovereignty is a critical
issue of challenge and conflict at the present moment in the global agenda of
Indigenous Peoples. In 2014, a
High-Level Plenary of the UN General Assembly anointed itself with the title of
<a href="http://unpfip.blogspot.com/2014/05/remarks-by-arthur-manuel-this-fake-wcip.html"><b>World Conference on Indigenous Peoples</b></a> and just as on October 12, 1492
began to spout dictamens of regulation whose net effect is the reduction of the
universal human rights of Indigenous Peoples to categories of domestic
privileges to be delegated by the individual states subsumed under their
respective constitutional frameworks.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">A
<a href="http://unpfip.blogspot.com/2014/09/unhlpm-outcome-document-adopted-by-un.html"><b>System Wide Action Plan</b></a> is being implemented and a global bureaucracy of
corporate imperial control is being funded under UN auspices, positioned to
co-opt and corrupt the legitimate efforts of Indigenous Peoples to defend their
ancestral territories and legitimate rights of <b>Nationhood</b> and <b>Self
Determination</b>.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Simultaneously,
the government states of the UN system that are facing real challenges on the
ground by Indigenous Peoples asserting the right of <b>Free, Prior, and
Informed Consent</b> over development projects impacting their territories are
maneuvering to place domestic mechanisms of control and diversion that would subvert
the <b>right of consent</b> to a bureaucratic activity of consultation that is
never empowered to block any project that the corporate elites have <b>predetermined</b>
will be approved.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The
fast tracking of the <b>Dakota Access Pipeline</b> by D.Trump as soon as he
came into office in 2017 is perhaps the most well-known example in the US
context, but the immediate fight at <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hRBrzFTQ1Xo"><b>Mauna Khea</b></a>, sacred altar of the
Hawaiian Kingdom, is the same scenario in the present. Across Canada, across Mexico, the entire
hemisphere is a crime scene in this regard, a crime in progress.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The
newly renegotiated <b>North American Free Trade Agreement</b> (NAFTA 1994), now
called the <b>US-Mexico-Canada Agreement USMCA</b>, presents a critical nexus
of conflict and contradiction for the public constituencies of the states and
the <b>Indigenous Peoples</b>. The agreement provides for no substantive
recognition or respect for the right of <b>Self Determination</b> of the
Original Nations of Indigenous Peoples living within the borders of the states
from Mexico-US-Canada. Instead, a
context of preconditions of ambiguity that “<b><i>aims</i></b>” at the rights
of Indigenous Peoples has been inserted by the Government of Canada in the text
of the agreement which still must be approved in the US Congress in September
of 2019.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b> </b></span></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjT4hndN-if0yiXLxmE3OAdKy9u-VHlpMSSIEhpZjGTN66dUmi_IbLU6XU5_BW-vHYJJ692GacD1896MEEhn8vGEuXAPghL4EfOJKcpJqBwzUTFEVH7Hq9QBGr573X95puu5WfJZ1vYsw4/s1600/Screen+Shot+2016-02-17+at+5.25.00+PM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="784" data-original-width="898" height="348" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjT4hndN-if0yiXLxmE3OAdKy9u-VHlpMSSIEhpZjGTN66dUmi_IbLU6XU5_BW-vHYJJ692GacD1896MEEhn8vGEuXAPghL4EfOJKcpJqBwzUTFEVH7Hq9QBGr573X95puu5WfJZ1vYsw4/s400/Screen+Shot+2016-02-17+at+5.25.00+PM.png" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>Beware:
The Beginning Is Here</b> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Now.
Now is the time when even amidst the cascade of confusion and chaos that pours
out of the mouth of the monstrosity of the Master’s Narrative residing
temporarily at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington, DC that the last hope
for the soul of America as an ethical country is being offered by the Original
Nations of Indigenous Peoples. Be aware:
It is now or never.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Just
as was done in the beginning, during the original sessions of the US
Constitutional Congress in 1776 where the dream of democracy and the Tradition
of Self Government was shared with the colonists by the <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nQYdWzAXm5k&fbclid=IwAR3MY6XO1qWyWML8yqzaiRm3y71XrFUj1l7vfNo9nWuMviOGlXjPaDUbZnk"><b>Haudenosaunee Confederacy</b></a>, once again the elder brothers of the Original Nations are
tapping the shoulder of the relatives who have emigrated to our homeland of the
Great Turtle Island. May all our
relations of all other continents listen as well.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The
Clan Mothers still call for the defense of the <b>Human Rights</b> of the <b>Future
Generations</b>, for the veneration and protection of the <b>Territorial
Integrity of Mother Earth</b>. The
serpentine scales of cosmetric memory, iridescent memorials of moments
recalling the millennial history of all life on earth, reflections of the <b><i>rain
of time</i></b> - befall us all. Amidst the sum of these histories, we stand in
the eye of the storm and understand ourselves as relatives bound by the sacred world
waterways of the Rivers of Time: <b><i>Quetzalcoatl</i></b>.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The
river passes, spiraling beyond the horizons to the Sky Waters of the Sea of Emergence.</span></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjw-PYrk07vqLHphXXH9D54s8P-3qm4pVDOTYBI-HVHTbpajVetkTpKHBTOgRkt-jcMwUsek9ULvmAVt8evVADBhEDfBG8yZOShbBHtf6fB9qCDoUt1jsmFV7MNgmGKO9ZzJ8TAzlUNBZI/s1600/Screen+Shot+2015-08-07+at+2.53.04+AM.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1420" data-original-width="1600" height="355" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjw-PYrk07vqLHphXXH9D54s8P-3qm4pVDOTYBI-HVHTbpajVetkTpKHBTOgRkt-jcMwUsek9ULvmAVt8evVADBhEDfBG8yZOShbBHtf6fB9qCDoUt1jsmFV7MNgmGKO9ZzJ8TAzlUNBZI/s400/Screen+Shot+2015-08-07+at+2.53.04+AM.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<b><span face=""papyrus" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 28pt; letter-spacing: 2pt;"> </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br />
<b><span face=""papyrus" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 28pt; letter-spacing: 2pt;">World:Water</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span face=""papyrus" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 28pt; letter-spacing: 2.5pt;">ONE</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.www.www/"><b><span face=""papyrus" , sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 20pt;">www.www.www</span></b></a><b><span face=""papyrus" , sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 20pt;"></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://unpfip.blogspot.com/2014/12/the-time-is-now-architectures-of-states.html"><b><span face=""papyrus" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 18pt;">Architectures of the
States</span></b></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://unpfip.blogspot.com/2014/12/the-time-is-now-architectures-of-states.html"><b><span face=""papyrus" , sans-serif">and the</span></b></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://unpfip.blogspot.com/2014/12/the-time-is-now-architectures-of-states.html"><b><span face=""papyrus" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 20pt;">Territorial Integrity of Mother Earth</span></b></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><i><span style="font-family: "times";">“Fundamental
to the right of nationality, as members of the Nations of Indigenous Peoples of
Abya Yala, the Great Turtle Island which is referenced in Article 6 of the UN
Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, and evidenced unequivocally by
the Treaty Status, namely international personality which was subject of the UN
Treaty Study conducted by Dr. Miguel Alfonso Martinez, is the collective right
of nationhood of Indigenous Peoples beyond the contextual constraints of the
Westphalian system of sovereignty of states.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><i><span style="font-family: "times";">It
is a collective right, similar to how the present UN system of mutual
international recognition as sovereign states provides the framework of
jurisprudence for the purported jurisdiction of the states individually and
then collectively at the global dimension under the dominion of the UN system,
the jurisprudence which articulates the nationhood of Indigenous Peoples is
also is a projection of jurisdiction at the planetary level, with mutual
responsibilities towards the Territorial Integrity of Mother Earth, and the
well-being of the Future Generations. </span></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><i><span style="font-family: "times";">The
distinction being that our Rights of Nationhood emerge from the COGNITION, and
then thus RECOGNITION, of our responsibilities as ONE of the Nations (two
legged species of kindom) – among ALL of the RELATIONS with whom we share as
human society collectively, the responsibility to act in complementarity within
the equally shared environment of the Natural World.</span></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><i><span style="font-family: "times";">We
are Nations of Mother Earth, and will not consent to be diminished or to be
dominated under the regime of the government states of the UN system as merely
ethnic groups, or minorities.</span></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span face=""papyrus" , sans-serif" style="letter-spacing: 2.5pt;"><br />
</span></span></b></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3se8EPidveY"><span face=""papyrus" , sans-serif" style="letter-spacing: 2.5pt;">Territorial Integrity of Mother Earth</span></a></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #660000;"><b><span face=""papyrus" , sans-serif">TIME</span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<span style="color: #660000;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: x-small;">
</span></span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: #660000;"><b><span face=""papyrus" , sans-serif">Is</span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<span style="color: #660000;"><b>
</b></span>
</span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #660000;"><b><span face=""papyrus" , sans-serif">NOW</span></b></span></span></div>
</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span face=""papyrus" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 20pt;"></span></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span face=""papyrus" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHU0U_forz68kRai-oRBnZKU9Sg6uCfZ-iHJatNyuaG_ge7Lj1e8m5_naX5cDy_CIUKB0MFVqtAjpi8rHBfoUHn7sR4iTQSOWOOaUzMsJt6a35PVI5vN09sByzvldElIY9s-OSggY_xK8/s1600/Image+9-7-19+at+12.49+PM.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="599" data-original-width="453" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHU0U_forz68kRai-oRBnZKU9Sg6uCfZ-iHJatNyuaG_ge7Lj1e8m5_naX5cDy_CIUKB0MFVqtAjpi8rHBfoUHn7sR4iTQSOWOOaUzMsJt6a35PVI5vN09sByzvldElIY9s-OSggY_xK8/s640/Image+9-7-19+at+12.49+PM.jpg" width="484" /></a></b></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span face=""papyrus" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt;">NAHUACALLI</span></b></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span face=""papyrus" , sans-serif" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">Embassy
of Indigenous Peoples</span></b></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><a href="http://www.tonatierra.org/"><span face=""papyrus" , sans-serif" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">TONATIERRA</span></a></b></div>
<b><a href="https://www.blogger.com/goog_413696958">
</a></b>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><a href="http://www.tonatierra.org/"><span face=""papyrus" , sans-serif" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">www.tonatierra.org</span></a></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><a href="mailto:tonal@tonatierra.org"><span face=""papyrus" , sans-serif" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">tonal@tonatierra.org</span></a></b><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #990000;"><b>********************************************</b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: medium;"></span><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"></span></span></b></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">YouTube:</span></span></span></span></div>
</div>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span></span></span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3B-_bQ5P4x0"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b><i>As IndigenousPeoples we are not immigrants in our own continent.</i></b></span></span></a><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b><i> </i></b></span></span></span></span>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">IV Continental Indigenous
Summit Abya Yala </span></span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span></span></span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Puno, Tawatinsuyo [Peru
2009]</span></span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">
</span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #990000;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Continental Commission Abya Yala </span></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><a href="https://doctrineofdiscoveryforum.blogspot.com/2015/09/elements-of-process.html"><span style="font-size: 24pt;">DISMANTLING the DOCTRINE of DISCOVERY</span></a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><a href="https://doctrineofdiscoveryforum.blogspot.com/2015/09/elements-of-process.html"><span style="font-size: 24pt;">Elements of Process</span></a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1.) </b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Information</span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt;">: </span>Search, Research, Intake, Absorb, Share. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">2.) </b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Consciousness</span></b>:
Develop a personal critical consciousness on the issues which are pervaded by
the institutionalization of the Doctrine of Discovery from the local-regional,
continental-global context.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">3.) </b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Reveal</span></b>:
Create a shared community understanding on how the dehumanizing principles of
the Doctrine of Discovery are relevant today and continue to provide the
cultural framework for the ongoing colonization and genocide of the Original
Nations of this continent, the Great Turtle Island Abya Yala.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">4.) </b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Take a
position</span></b>. Denounce and repudiate the Doctrine of Discovery and the
underlying pathological schema of DOMINATION.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">5.) </b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">DISMANTLE</span></b>:
Take action, and follow through with inter-generational decolonization
strategies.</span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjn_UVxKReKFidq5a0RGjjfqi-nvD1lvfzPGJfViNobWcQFFXgpqdxj8Amv85TXcaclD34AiNnrjRRS9KR8BS2nEEg1f71pkJnWqZhOLE0sPsugrYUZT_sPYP3yZTaFx7T2MgZXGtXrshYW/s1600/Manifest+Destiny.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="311" data-original-width="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjn_UVxKReKFidq5a0RGjjfqi-nvD1lvfzPGJfViNobWcQFFXgpqdxj8Amv85TXcaclD34AiNnrjRRS9KR8BS2nEEg1f71pkJnWqZhOLE0sPsugrYUZT_sPYP3yZTaFx7T2MgZXGtXrshYW/s1600/Manifest+Destiny.jpeg" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial black"; font-size: 14pt;">YouTube:</span><br />
<h1 class="title style-scope ytd-video-primary-info-renderer">
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ifX2AghpMhg&t=6s">Mandate of the Indigenous Peoples:</a></h1>
<h1 class="title style-scope ytd-video-primary-info-renderer">
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ifX2AghpMhg&t=6s">Territorial Integrity of Mother Earth</a></h1>
<h1 class="title style-scope ytd-video-primary-info-renderer">
<span style="font-size: large;">UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues 2019 </span></h1>
<span style="color: #990000;"><span style="font-family: "arial black"; font-size: 14pt;">****************************<br /> </span></span><br />
<span style="color: #990000;"><span style="font-family: "arial black"; font-size: 14pt;">Strategic Frames<br />
</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial black"; font-size: 16pt;">Local-Regional : Continental-Global</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #990000;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial black"; font-size: 14pt;">Intent and Emergence</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #990000;"><span style="font-family: "arial black";">Education : Cognition</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #990000;"><span style="font-family: "arial black";">Law : Harmony</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #990000;"><span style="font-family: "arial black";">Youth : Regeneration</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #990000;"><span style="font-family: "arial black";">Religion : Spirituality</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #990000;"><span style="font-family: "arial black";">Environment : Pacha Mama</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial black";"> </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial black";"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPLYwD0l-WBw12Q2tB4FhkHcskWCv9UbMI8YvwfloxYwd8CUtkG4uKG_Tfs_hQoS_z2nB3v-MbTMadKUuMYMTfnrT5KX7DKVeDtcZXlClq2x0zFA1RQ-2abN2F3Cu0r4qsiBLxqto0uHIO/s1600/What.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1066" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPLYwD0l-WBw12Q2tB4FhkHcskWCv9UbMI8YvwfloxYwd8CUtkG4uKG_Tfs_hQoS_z2nB3v-MbTMadKUuMYMTfnrT5KX7DKVeDtcZXlClq2x0zFA1RQ-2abN2F3Cu0r4qsiBLxqto0uHIO/s640/What.jpg" width="425" /></a></span></div>
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<a href="http://unpfip.blogspot.com/2014/03/territorial-integrity-of-mother-earth.html"><span style="color: #990000;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">TIME </span></b></span></span></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://unpfip.blogspot.com/2014/03/territorial-integrity-of-mother-earth.html"><span style="color: #990000;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">is</span></b></span></span></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://unpfip.blogspot.com/2014/03/territorial-integrity-of-mother-earth.html"><span style="color: #990000;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">NOW</span></b></span></span></a><br />
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</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #990000;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="http://unpfip.blogspot.com/2014/03/territorial-integrity-of-mother-earth.html">Territorial Integrity of Mother Earth</a></span></b></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #990000;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> <span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"> <a href="http://cdb-tonatierra.blogspot.com/2013/02/citizenship-dangerous-western-concept.html?m=1">Citizenship, a Dangerous Western Concept</a></span></span></span></b></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #990000;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Institute of Indigenous Science and Culture</span></span></span></b></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #990000;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Quito, Ecuador - Agustí Nicolau i Coll</span></span></span></b></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #990000;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></b></span></span></div>
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chantlacahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15255116987351106636noreply@blogger.com8tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3242193371915035457.post-16388571742236117622018-04-08T12:56:00.002-07:002018-04-08T13:35:02.080-07:00Chicano Park and the Doctrine of Discovery<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H0nTNGjmNf4"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b><span data-offset-key="dsa7l-0-0"><span data-text="true">Indigenous Peoples Forum</span></span></b></span></span></a></div>
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<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H0nTNGjmNf4"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b><span data-offset-key="dsa7l-0-0"><span data-text="true">on the</span></span></b></span></span></a></div>
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<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H0nTNGjmNf4"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b><span data-offset-key="dsa7l-0-0"><span data-text="true">Doctrine of Discovery</span></span></b></span></span></a></div>
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<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H0nTNGjmNf4"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b><span data-offset-key="dsa7l-0-0"><span data-text="true">at the</span></span></b></span></span></a></div>
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<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H0nTNGjmNf4"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b><span data-offset-key="dsa7l-0-0"><span data-text="true">Arizona State Capitol March 23, 2012</span></span></b></span></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><a href="http://doctrineofdiscoveryforum.blogspot.com/2013/11/a-concept-of-native-title-by-leroy_25.html"><span data-offset-key="51d5p-0-0"><span data-text="true"><br /><b>A Concept of Native Title by Leroy Little Bear</b></span></span></a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span data-offset-key="3t4o1-0-0"><br data-text="true" /></span></span></span></div>
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<div class="" data-block="true" data-editor="d92v0" data-offset-key="bpgmc-0-0" style="text-align: justify;">
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span data-offset-key="bpgmc-0-0"><span data-text="true">If justice and fairness are underlying goals of today's government and court system, then the concepts and the philosophy of Indian people should certainly be taken into consideration and given as much weight as British concepts and philosophy. But if justice and fairness are not underlying goals, then we should stop covering ourselves with a false aura of sacredness and bring out things in the open, so everybody knows where they stand. In other words, if we cannot be bothered with justice and fairness, we should, at least, be truthful.</span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #990000;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span data-offset-key="bpgmc-0-0"><span data-text="true"> **************************</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><a href="http://unpfip.blogspot.com/p/framework-of-dominance-preliminary_03.html"><span data-offset-key="e75ma-0-0"><span data-text="true">Framework of Dominance: UN Preliminary Study on the Doctrine of Discovery </span></span></a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span data-offset-key="254rn-0-0"><br data-text="true" /></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span data-offset-key="1tk6l-0-0"><span data-text="true">This preliminary study establishes that the Doctrine of Discovery has been institutionalized in law and policy, on national and international levels, and lies at the root of the violations of indigenous peoples’ human rights, both individual and collective. This has resulted in State claims to and the mass appropriation of the lands, territories and resources of indigenous peoples. Both the Doctrine of Discovery and a holistic structure that we term the Framework of Dominance have resulted in centuries of virtually unlimited resource extraction from the traditional territories of indigenous peoples. This, in turn, has resulted in the dispossession and impoverishment of indigenous peoples, and the host of problems that they face today on a daily basis.</span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span data-offset-key="1tk6l-0-0"><span data-text="true">*****************<br /><b><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KhP-1MNTKfA">The Legend of Truth and the Doctrines of Power</a></b></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span data-offset-key="akjju-0-0"><span data-text="true">TENAMAZTLE, in reponse to the systematic oppression, suppression, and represson inflicted by the assault of colonialism and the European American colonization of Abya Yala:</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span data-offset-key="akjju-0-0"><span data-text="true">RESISTANCE - REBELLION - REGENERATION</span></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CmdD2wUnipI&feature=youtu.be"><span style="color: #990000;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span data-offset-key="238o4-0-0"><span data-text="true">Itilmaloyan Abya Yala</span></span></span></span></span></a></div>
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<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CmdD2wUnipI&feature=youtu.be"><span style="color: #990000;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span class="_247o" data-offset-key="3sa03-0-0" spellcheck="false" start="0"><span data-offset-key="3sa03-0-0"><span data-text="true">#origiNations</span></span></span><span data-offset-key="3sa03-1-0"><span data-text="true"> </span></span><span class="_247o" data-offset-key="3sa03-2-0" spellcheck="false" start="14"><span data-offset-key="3sa03-2-0"><span data-text="true">#origiNaciones<br /></span></span></span></span></span></span></a><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMtRLxzBLfDvZrsagMv_ce9q-x6R7T3oRvBZSMkSGXb8disoww_mNTljZOJTd8oaouWasUvL2iaYLl4EwLh7IXVrvnF8k883eZpZcB90bfXyJr2Z78cUQ9JzPCq4MDV_iXmdSrjMRGsBM7/s1600/IMG_2708.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1528" data-original-width="1600" height="381" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMtRLxzBLfDvZrsagMv_ce9q-x6R7T3oRvBZSMkSGXb8disoww_mNTljZOJTd8oaouWasUvL2iaYLl4EwLh7IXVrvnF8k883eZpZcB90bfXyJr2Z78cUQ9JzPCq4MDV_iXmdSrjMRGsBM7/s400/IMG_2708.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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chantlacahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15255116987351106636noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3242193371915035457.post-9306159048097254672017-07-23T09:46:00.000-07:002017-07-23T09:46:46.133-07:00Colombia: Desmantelando la Doctrina del Decsubrimiento <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span data-offset-key="1fkar-0-0"><span data-text="true">DESMANTELAMIENTO de la DOCTRINA del DESCUBRIMIENTO de la Cristiandad en COLOMBIA</span></span></div>
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<span data-offset-key="2oqc9-0-0"><span data-text="true">El Virreinato de Nueva España fue una superestructura colonizadora del Imperio Español, validada por el régimen intelectual teológico y geopolítico de opresión, supresión y represión que describe la dinámica de colonización y genocidio de las Naciones Originarias de los Pueblos Indígenas de Abya Yala por las repúblicas "latinoamericanas" (todas) que derivan sus reivindicaciones de integridad territorial como estados de las Américas a los mecanismos de sucesión a las reclamaciones territoriales de la Corona de España bajo la Doctrina del Descubrimiento (12 de octubre de 1492) y las Bulas Papales INTER CAETERA del Papa Alejandro VI (1493).</span></span></div>
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<span data-offset-key="6mqg-0-0"><span data-text="true">Hasta la fecha.</span></span></div>
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<span data-offset-key="nblc-0-0"><span data-text="true">https://redabyayala.blogspot.com/2017/07/desmantelamiento-de-la-doctrina-del.html</span></span></div>
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chantlacahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15255116987351106636noreply@blogger.com16tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3242193371915035457.post-1083232757962205882016-02-11T10:50:00.002-08:002021-07-09T11:48:30.110-07:00Declaracion Comisión Continental Abya Yala - Mexico <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="line-height: 115%;"> </span></b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="line-height: 115%;">Comisión Continental Abya Yala</span></b></span>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="ES-TRAD">MEXICO</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES-TRAD">Comunicado a la Santa Sede, El Vaticano:</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="ES-TRAD">DESMANTELAMIENTO
de la DOCTRINA del DESCUBRIMIENTO</span></b></span></div>
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</span>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES-TRAD">Valle
de Jovel [San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, México] 10 de febrero de 2016</span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhy7XG7A4AcwFdqDRO1nQLyhg9ZM4jIIHv73OA_13IQdaXLAsO6XuX2oyXBor9z5-0auuKzAu09pqQc2YnVVoq02-3kDUYTuzYQK6Ly_RiBZYliO0azKFaniqygmj1EpMSkadNIDqeQ2eY/s1600/IMG_0847.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhy7XG7A4AcwFdqDRO1nQLyhg9ZM4jIIHv73OA_13IQdaXLAsO6XuX2oyXBor9z5-0auuKzAu09pqQc2YnVVoq02-3kDUYTuzYQK6Ly_RiBZYliO0azKFaniqygmj1EpMSkadNIDqeQ2eY/s320/IMG_0847.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES-TRAD">Su Santidad Papa Francisco,</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
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<span style="font-size: large;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES-TRAD">Por tercera vez emitimos este
comunicado diplomático dirigido al Estado vaticano, recordando que el año 2014,
en el marco del Foro Permanente sobre Cuestiones Indígenas de la ONU, se entreg</span><span lang="ES-TRAD">ó</span><span lang="ES-TRAD"> directamente a su representante el Nuncio Papal esta solicitud de
audiencia.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
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<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES-TRAD">Las exigencias aquí planteadas
obedecen a los mandatos de nuestros pueblos originarios, cuyas demandas fueron
deliberadas en el marco de la Asamblea Plenaria de la <b>V Cumbre Continental de los Pueblos y Nacionalidades Indígenas del Abya
Yala</b>, con la participación de más de ocho mil personas, reunidos en La
María Piendamó, Cauca, Colombia en noviembre del 2013 y ratificada por la <b>Comisión Continental Abya Yala</b> en
Philadelfia, en septiembre 23 del2014 y, posteriormente en San Cristóbal de las
Casas, Chiapas, México el 9 y 10 de febrero del 2016.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
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<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES-TRAD">Desde el espíritu de la <b>Libre Determinación de los Pueblos
Indígenas</b>, iguales en dignidad y derechos a los otros pueblos, hacemos un
llamado a su Santidad Francisco para que se comprometa a asumir las
responsabilidades y consecuencias de los asuntos que aquí presentamos y que
directamente le incumben a la Iglesia Católica Romana. Con la intención de
avanzar deliberadamente hacia el fin de la era del colonialismo, hacia la <b>descolonización</b>, con el mandato ancestral
de superar del esquema de <b>dominación</b>
que ha sido normalizado y justificado por la <b>Doctrina del Descubrimiento</b> hace más de 523 años en este continente
de <b>Abya Yala</b> [América]:</span></span></div>
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</span>
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<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="ES-TRAD">Los Pueblos y Naciones Indígenas de Abya Yala exigimos lo siguiente</span></b><span lang="ES-TRAD">: </span></span></div>
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</span>
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<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES-TRAD">Demandamos una cita de manera
urgente en el Vaticano con su Santidad Francisco para un dialogo directo con la
Comisión Continental Abya Yala, para hacerle conocer nuestras preocupaciones y
propuestas por las violaciones persistentes a los derechos humanos, individuales
y colectivos, territoriales y autonómicos. Recordando que la petición del
perdón que ha hecho su santidad como jefe máximo del Vaticano, no es suficiente,
si no hay justicia,</span><span lang="ES-TRAD"> </span><span lang="ES-TRAD">reparación y garantías de
reconocimiento internacional de nuestro <b>derecho
a la libre determinación como pueblos originarios</b>.</span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
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<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES-TRAD">Así mismo, los pueblos
originarios como guardianes de la madre tierra, queremos dejar herencia a nuestras
futuras generaciones, un mundo sano, sin contaminación, para que la vida de la
madre tierra con sus hijos sea un mundo con una vida más prolongada. Recordando
que su Santidad Francisco emitió su encíclica "Laudato Si", en la
cual en el artículo 32 usted menciona textualmente "Los recursos de la
tierra, también están siendo depredados a causa de formas inmediatistas de
entender la economía y la actividad comercial y productiva. La pérdida de
selvas y bosques, implica al mismo tiempo la pérdida de especies que podrían
significar en el futuro recursos sumamente importantes, no solo para la
alimentación, sino también para la curación de enfermedades y para múltiples
servicios."</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
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<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES-TRAD">Los pueblos indígenas celebramos
su iniciativa y lo conminamos a asumir el <b>desmantelamiento
de la doctrina del descubrimiento</b> para, efectivamente, lograr resultados
concretos orientados hacia la protección de nuestros territorios y la madre
tierra, en el camino de los <b>planes de
vida</b> de los <b>Pueblos Originarios</b>
y el <b>Buen Vivir</b> de la humanidad.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
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<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES-TRAD">Como seres humanos y como
garantes de la vida, se hace necesario que su santidad Francisco interceda
antes los gobiernos de los Estados-Nación en la exigibilidad del respeto y
garantías de los derechos humanos y territoriales, la no discriminación, el
racismo institucional y los abusos de
poder de los gobiernos en la persecución política ideológica para condenar
a defensores y defensoras del territorio y la vida del Abya Yala. </span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
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<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES-TRAD">Así mismo en la materialización
del ejercicio del derecho de libre determinación, autonomía y autogobierno de
los pueblos indígenas en un marco de refundación de los estados nación hacia
estados multinacionales y la descolonización y sanación de la <b>Madre Tierra</b>.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
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<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES-TRAD">Le recordamos a su Santidad
Francisco que en la 11ª Sesión del Foro Permanente de las Naciones Unidas para
las Cuestiones Indígenas se presentó la siguiente recomendación:</span></span><br />
</div>
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</span>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES-TRAD">“4. El
Foro Permanente recuerda el cuarto párrafo del preámbulo de la Declaración de
las Naciones Unidas sobre los derechos de los pueblos indígenas en que se
afirma que todas las doctrinas, políticas y prácticas basadas en la
superioridad de determinados pueblos o individuos o que la propugnan aduciendo
razones de origen nacional o diferencias raciales, religiosas, étnicas o
culturales son racistas, científicamente falsas, jurídicamente inválidas,
moralmente condenables y socialmente injustas. En todo el mundo, los
colonizadores han aducido justificaciones jurídicas y políticas para desposeer
a los pueblos indígenas de sus tierras, privarlos de derechos y derogar sus
derechos, como, por ejemplo, la doctrina del descubrimiento, la doctrina de la
dominación, la “conquista”, la doctrina de <i>terra
nullius</i> o la <i>doctrina real</i>. Si
bien estas doctrinas nefandas se favorecieron para justificar la adquisición de
las tierras y los territorios de los pueblos indígenas, implícito en ellas
había postulados más amplios que se tomaron como base</span><span lang="ES-TRAD"> </span><span lang="ES-TRAD">para
afirmar la autoridad y el control sobre las vidas de los pueblos indígenas y
sus tierras, territorios y recursos. Los colonizadores consideraron a los
pueblos indígenas “salvajes”, “bárbaros”, “poco evolucionados”, “inferiores e
incivilizados” y usaron estos conceptos para someter, dominar y explotar a los
pueblos indígenas y sus tierras, territorios y recursos.</span></span>
</div>
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</span>
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<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES-TRAD">El Foro
Permanente exhorta a los Estados a que repudien esas doctrinas como base para
denegar los derechos humanos de los pueblos indígenas.”</span></span></div>
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</span>
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<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES-TRAD">En consecuencia y en
cumplimiento de la recomendación anterior del Foro Permanente para las
Cuestiones Indígenas, y tomando en contexto el comunicado diplomático de la
Plenaria de la V Cumbre Continental Indígena del Abya Yala, y preocupados por
las vigencia de la Bula <b><i>Inter Caetera</i></b> que continúa siendo el
fundamento del derecho internacional y nacional, los pueblos indígenas
manifestamos nuestra preocupación por la permanencia del espíritu de las <b>bulas papales alejandrinas</b> como marco
de relación de Su Santidad con los pueblos indígenas.</span></span></div>
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</span>
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<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES-TRAD">Por ejemplo sus comentarios como
obispo en Buenos Aires en 2012 acerca de la disputa entre Argentina y la Gran
Bretaña sobre la jurisdicción territorial de las <b>Islas Malvinas/Islas Falkland</b>. Así así como la <b>beatificación de Junípero Serra</b>, en Washington DC en septiembre de
2015 realizado por usted, lo cual denunciamos por ser un atentado a nuestra
dignidad, ya que este misionero es culpable por el genocidio de nuestros
pueblos originarios en California. Consideramos inapropiado de parte de Su
Santidad esta beatificación ya que no es ético ni moral <b>santificar un genocidio</b>. Por lo que le hacemos un llamado para
proceder a la revocación de esta beatificación.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
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<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES-TRAD">En el discurso de la revisión de
las historias y de los conflictos y las violaciones criminales actuales de los <b>Derechos Humanos</b> de nuestros Pueblos
Indígenas que se encuentran en la base del genocidio que naturaliza y
oficializa la persecución política, ideológica, impunidad, y despojo
territorial de nuestros Pueblos Originarios disfrazada de "sistemas
legales" bajo el manto de la Doctrina del Descubrimiento;</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
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<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES-TRAD">Los estados nacionales han
tomado la <b><i>Bula INTER CAETERA, 149</i></b>3, como base para elaborar el concepto
jurídico de "<b>propiedad originaria
de la nación</b>", bajo la cual asumen la entrega de nuestros territorios
a las empresas nacionales e internacionales de extracción, mineras, y del Neo extractivismo en general, asumiendo
la prerrogativa de realizar convenios y tratados internacionales, sin <b>consentimiento previo, libre e informado y
de buena fe</b>, tales como el Tratado de Libre Comercio; el Acuerdo Trans Pacífico de Cooperación
Económica(TPP), las "zonas
económicas especiales", ALCA, Plan Puebla Panamá, IRSA, mercado global del
carbono REDDS+, ocasionando desposesión a los pueblos indígenas y afectación
directa e irreparable a la Madre Tierra.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
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<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES-TRAD">Nuestra posición es que el <b>Estado del Vaticano</b>, la Santa Sede y su
Santidad el Papa Francisco, deberán tomar las medidas adecuadas y llevar
adelante un proceso de responsabilidad</span><span lang="ES-TRAD"> </span><span lang="ES-TRAD">internacional por el papel que
la Iglesia Católica ha jugado en el origen y autoría intelectual de las
violaciones de Derechos Humanos, que siguen siendo normalizadas por la <b>Doctrina del Descubrimiento</b>. Entre otras cosas, además, debe asumir la
coadyuvancia en los procesos de pacificación en los territorios indígenas intervenidos
por los Estados y otros actores. Por ejemplo, en el caso de Colombia se debe
propiciar la garantía de la incorporación de la Agenda Indígena en los Diálogos
de Paz que se realizan en la Habana (Cuba) entre el gobierno colombiano y las
FARC, garantizando la <b>participación
efectiva</b> de los pueblos indígenas en los diálogos y el cumplimiento de los
compromisos.</span></span>
</div>
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</span>
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<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES-TRAD">Concluyendo, esta Comisión
Continental Abya Yala-México, refrendó denunciar al Estado Vaticano como autor intelectual de la Doctrina del Descubrimiento
y exhortamos a Su Santidad, apelando a su sensibilidad, a hacer un
pronunciamiento público en <b>repudio</b>
de la <b>Doctrina del Descubrimiento</b>,
por lo que le demandamos emita una nueva bula:
"la bula del desagravio".</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
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<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES-TRAD">De igual forma, el <b>Encuentro Comisión Continental Abya Yala -
México</b> realizado en la ciudad de San Cristóbal de Las Casas Chiapas los
días 9 y 10 de febrero de 2016, con la participación de delegadas y delegados
de un centenar de representantes de pueblos indígenas originarios de las cuatro
direcciones del Abya Yala, llamamos, convocamos e invitamos a nuestros hermanos
y hermanas del continente, a sumarnos a trabajar todos los días en el <b>Desmantelamiento de la Doctrina del
Descubrimiento</b>, con acciones éticas en la realización del espíritu de
nuestra humanidad común y en responsabilidad con las futuras generaciones y el
renacimiento del Nuevo Sol.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8n23Hz6mFcU5FEv-7EeOQvB2_q8iVq7slt1sKSl3bpzJBm4MP253qXt3WRSMHEL-3rco21Qt3oPDglorByp7AZ6kTmO7BGalS9zswkK2IyWios8k47Pf6jTOZGC5PtBYmn_gE_T9Ug3c/s640/Teomixcoachimalli.jpg" width="473" /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES-MX">SECRETARIA COMISION CONTINENTAL ABYA YALA</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="ES-MX" style="font-family: "papyrus"; line-height: 115%;">TONATIERRA</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="ES-MX" style="font-family: "papyrus"; line-height: 115%;">www.tonatierra.org</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES-MX">Contacto: Tupac Enrique Acosta, Yaotachcauh</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES-MX">NAHUACALLI</span></span></div>
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</span>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES-MX">Embajada de Pueblos Originarios</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES-MX">802 N. 7th Street Phoenix, Arizona EEUU
85006</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="ES-MX">chantlaca@tonatierra.org</span></span></div>
</div>
</div>
chantlacahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15255116987351106636noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3242193371915035457.post-53743436355219008342015-09-13T14:09:00.001-07:002015-09-13T14:11:14.698-07:00Elements of Process<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 24.0pt;">DISMANTLING the DOCTRINE of DISCOVERY</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 24.0pt;">Elements of Process</span></div>
<span style="font-size: 24.0pt;"></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 24.0pt;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNJW9UIIRw4jG6i-GdueZEEquWrst5i0YdB9mc4kfdE7oKcVR17pZhqehBs6_0zOe0zkE2hgVmS9gO9JosMT7Twc0gtARQcReCkLwZud9diA05Pagg2QUYal_23UaFHFhK5aoKUF2qfXPn/s1600/IMG_3514.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNJW9UIIRw4jG6i-GdueZEEquWrst5i0YdB9mc4kfdE7oKcVR17pZhqehBs6_0zOe0zkE2hgVmS9gO9JosMT7Twc0gtARQcReCkLwZud9diA05Pagg2QUYal_23UaFHFhK5aoKUF2qfXPn/s400/IMG_3514.jpg" width="301" /></a></span></div>
<span style="font-size: 24.0pt;">
</span>
<br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1.) </b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Information</span></b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">: </span>Search, Research, Intake, Absorb, Share. </div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">2.) </b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Consciousness</span></b>:
Develop a personal critical consciousness on the issues which are pervaded by
the institutionalization of the Doctrine of Discovery from the local-regional,
continental-global context.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">3.) </b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Reveal</span></b>:
Create a shared community understanding on how the dehumanizing principles of
the Doctrine of Discovery are relevant today and continue to provide the
cultural framework for the ongoing colonization and genocide of the Original
Nations of this continent, the Great Turtle Island Abya Yala.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">4.) </b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Take a
position</span></b>. Denounce and repudiate the Doctrine of Discovery and the
underlying pathological schema of DOMINATION.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">5.) </b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">DISMANTLE</span></b>:
Take action, and follow through with inter-generational decolonization
strategies.</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Papyrus; font-size: 16.0pt;">TONATIERRA</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Papyrus;">www.tonatierra.org</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Papyrus;">chantlaca@tonatierra.org</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Papyrus;"></span></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAFBGqapG0BKDA2l-j2s3xJua57GlkWEvyweyBk-I0OOKQeQsp-4KHJj8JvlOmCnA_RRKdbPQNjRneqigoqELLrZnMBjgrdcXJINUag8s3FsPy0oqNhcMcc1sgY_EBj1JTUKQA8lixz5FD/s1600/Poster+Teotihuacan.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAFBGqapG0BKDA2l-j2s3xJua57GlkWEvyweyBk-I0OOKQeQsp-4KHJj8JvlOmCnA_RRKdbPQNjRneqigoqELLrZnMBjgrdcXJINUag8s3FsPy0oqNhcMcc1sgY_EBj1JTUKQA8lixz5FD/s640/Poster+Teotihuacan.png" width="540" /></a></b></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial Black"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Strategic Frames<br />
</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial Black"; font-size: 16.0pt;">Local-Regional : Continental-Global</span></b></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial Black"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Intent and Emergence</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial Black";">Education : Cognition</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial Black";">Law : Harmony</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial Black";">Youth : Regeneration</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial Black";">Religion : Spirituality</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial Black";">Environment : Pacha Mama</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgz3OlFvJYrxY049Ud68Suyh7ml4Ae9Wr0iLITarIHkRdSjegajLkk7-sEGu_U2u-QvT-hX9WukBs8a2q9OnJPELQkQBcY2dP5-x8xvZQtJ8SIXRnQq46mO5hDRlqWjrp9OwxQM6xtV2HuO/s1600/Mixcoaximalli.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgz3OlFvJYrxY049Ud68Suyh7ml4Ae9Wr0iLITarIHkRdSjegajLkk7-sEGu_U2u-QvT-hX9WukBs8a2q9OnJPELQkQBcY2dP5-x8xvZQtJ8SIXRnQq46mO5hDRlqWjrp9OwxQM6xtV2HuO/s400/Mixcoaximalli.jpg" width="300" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
</div>
chantlacahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15255116987351106636noreply@blogger.com87tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3242193371915035457.post-50589498523973603402015-05-29T01:16:00.000-07:002015-05-30T20:28:41.296-07:00Amah Mutsun Tribal Band: Open Letter to Pope Francis<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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</style><span style="font-size: large;">Historically known as ''San Juan Bautista Band and San Juan
Band' Indians of California</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">PO Box 5272<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Galt,
CA 9562</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">February 24, 2015</span></div>
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<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">His Holiness Pope Francis Casa de Marta</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Vatican City Rome 00120</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Italy</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Re: Open Letter to Pope Francis</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Your Holiness, Pope
Francis,</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">My name is Valentin Lopez and I am the Chairman of the Amah
Mutsun Tribal Band.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Our historic and
continuous Tribe is comprised of the documented descendants of the indigenous
peoples taken to Missions San Juan Bautista and Santa Cruz in the state of
California, United States of America. Our Amah Mutsun Tribe is not a federally
recognized Tribe. The Federal Government of the Unites States does not
acknowledge our Tribe nor does it provide assistance to our members. We are
writing this letter to voice our disbelief and objection to your intent to
canonize Franciscan Friar Junipero Serra.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">When you were first selected Pope our Amah Mutsun Tribal
Council discussed your selection on a number of occasions and we were very
optimistic. We were hopeful that you would understand the plight of the
indigenous descendant and how they have been ignored and marginalized by
society. We applauded your words of peace, justice, truth, and dignity. We were
also optimistic that you would understand how our people need to recover from
generations of oppression and pain. Your decision to canonize Fr.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Serra is a clear message that our reality of
poverty, suicide, depression, substance abuse, and many other ills will continue
to impact the lives of our members for many more years and perhaps many more
generations.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Because we believed your papacy would be different we wrote
you two letters dated August 29, 2013 and April 25, 2014. In these letters we
introduced our Tribe and described our pre-contact history. We also described
our ancestor's experiences at the mission. I told you of how many of our female
ancestors were tied together by their thumbs and forced to march to the
missions. Once there they were considered the property of the mission.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It's estimated that life expectancy was less
than two years at some missions. I also discussed how our current Tribal
members continue to suffer from the impact of cumulative emotional and
psychological wounding, which is otherwise known as historic trauma. This trauma
resulted from the generations of physical and emotional brutality as well as
the attempted cultural and spiritual genocide of all California native people.
Our ancestors endured this brutality not only during mission times but this
legacy continued during the Mexican and American periods. Historic trauma also results from the fact that
from mission times to the present our legitimate past and our humanity as
indigenous people have never been truly acknowledged by any governmental or
religious organization.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">The two letters we sent were accompanied by letters from Dr.
Donna Schindler, psychiatrist, and Bishop Francis Quinn, Bishop Emeritus of
Sacramento California. Dr. Schindler's letters discussed historic trauma and
explained how our members continue to suffer today because of our tragic
history starting with the brutalities our ancestors suffered at the missions.
Bishop Quinn's letter, dated May 7, 2014, stated that although the
"language of these letters is sometimes very intense, I support the basic
message." In both letters we requested that you offer a mass of
reconciliation to the Indigenous people of California, as that would be an
important step in our efforts to find healing from our historic trauma.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">When you announced recently that you would canonize Fr.
Junipero Serra we were in absolute disbelief. It is incomprehensible for us to
think that you would canonize a person who is ultimately responsible for the
death of approximately 100,000 California Indians and the complete
extermination of many Native tribes, cultures and languages. The brutality of
Fr. Serra is well documented in his own writings. On July 31,1775 Fr. Serra
wrote a letter to Spanish Governor Fernando de Rivera y Moncada requesting that
he punish four Indians for attempting to run away from San Carlos de Borromeo
de Carmelo mission.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Fr. Serra wrote,
"I am sending them to you so that a period of exile, and two or three
whippings which<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Your Lordship may order
applied to them on different days may serve, for them and for all the rest, for
a warning, may be of spiritual benefit to all; and this last is the prime
motive for our work.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If Your Lordship
does not have shackles, with your permission they may be sent from here.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I think that the punishment should last one
month."<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On July 7, 1780 Fr. Serra
wrote a letter to Governor Felipe de Neve to explain his policy of whipping
Indians, "That the spiritual fathers [priests] should punish their sons,
the Indians, by blows appears to be as old as the conquest of these kingdoms."
This violence, intimidation and terror which was sponsored and ordered by Fr.
Serra clearly set the policy and foundation for all future brutal acts at the
missions. Obviously, Fr. Serra's standard for violence against the Indians was
the same standard as that used in the conquest of all of the Americas.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">There were many horrendous and documented events during the
mission period in California.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For
example, in 1809 a Commander of the Spanish military ordered Spanish soldiers
to massacre 200 women and children who refused to continue to march to Mission
San Juan Bautista.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These women and
children were cut into pieces with sabers while the commander ordered that
their remains be scattered on the ground; this event is documented.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After this atrocity "the priests swore all
of the soldiers to secrecy."<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While
some will argue that Junipero Serra himself was not directly responsible for
this massacre, there is no dispute that he is responsible for creating the
system that allowed these types of inhumane and depraved events to occur.
Furthermore, to remove him from the consequences of the missions would be the
same as removing the leaders of terrorist groups, or military aggressors who
acted in the name of religion of any era, including the terrorist groups of
today, from the actions of their followers.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Following your announcement that you were going to canonize
Serra, I reflected on what I believed to be the definition of a
"Saint." I have always thought that the Catholic Church considered
someone a saint only when that person followed Jesus Christ and lived his/her
life according to Christ's teaching. Frankly, I see no similarities between
Serra and Jesus Christ. The latter never used military enforcers or corporal
punishment to get people to follow his teaching, nor did he use beatings and
whippings. Jesus Christ never considered people to be property or turn them
into slaves. Jesus Christ never considered anyone to be a heathen, a pagan, or
a savage. At no time did Jesus Christ ever say that a man had no soul, nor did
Jesus Christ ever teach that the end results justified the means.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">We often hear that the times were much different when Fr.
Serra first came to California and that we cannot use today's standards to
judge his actions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Amah Mutsun
completely agrees.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Catholic Church
should not use today's standards to judge<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Fr. Serra.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Instead, the Catholic
Church should judge Fr. Serra against the times and the words that Jesus Christ
spoke when he was on earth; over 1,750 years before the time of Serra.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Serra should have known that to follow Jesus
Christ's footsteps meant that he needed to have understanding and love for
others and that no one could or should ever be forced to accept Jesus
Christ.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We read that Jesus came in peace
and he was often attacked.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Fr. Serra
came in the name of Jesus, but yet he brought soldiers and was prepared to
attack.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>How Fr. Serra is worthy of
public veneration based upon actions most people would consider to be evil is
unfathomable.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Many of Serra's actions were acceptable to the Catholic
Church based on the Diversas Bull of 1452 and other related bulls. These bulls,
which promoted the conquest, colonization, and exploitation of non-Christian
nations, specifically granted the Pope's blessing "to capture, vanquish,
and subdue the Saracens, pagans, and other enemies of Christ and put them into
perpetual slavery and take all their possessions and their property." In
1493 Pope Alexander VI issued a law granting Spain's dominion over all lands
that Columbus had located.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">On October 23, 2013 the Religious Sisters of Charity wrote
to you and asked you to publicly repudiate and rescind the Diversas Bull of
1452, the Caetera Bull of 1493, and other related bulls. To date, the Catholic
Church has refused to do this. How could the Catholic Church remove the words
and life of Jesus Christ to define sainthood and replace the definition of
sainthood with papal bulls that sanctioned Christian enslavement, power and
Spain's dominion over all lands that Columbus had located? The Amah Mutsun have
no doubt that Serra's canonization is based on these papal bulls and not the
words and actions of Jesus Christ. We join the Sisters of Charity in asking
you, Holy Father, to repudiate and rescind the Bulls referenced above.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">We must add that until these bulls are rescinded we can only
conclude that the Catholic Church considers many of our ancestors, current
members and future descendants to be the enemies of Christ. We do not believe
Jesus Christ believes us to be his enemy; we'd like the church to explain this paradox.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">On August 29, 2013, tribal leaders from four mission tribes,
Rudy Ortega, Tribal Administrator and Tribal Spiritual Leader, Tataviam Tribe,
Mel Vernon, Captain, Mission San Luis Rey Tribe, Ray Hernandez, Chumash, and
our Amah Mutsun Tribe, and Dr. Schindler met with Bishop Gerald Wilkerson of
San Fernando Pastoral Region and Bishop Edward Clark, Regional Bishop,
Archdiocese of Los Angeles.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At these
meetings we told them of the need for the church to tell the truth regarding
Fr. Serra and the Mission period.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We
also made them aware of the impact of historic trauma on our members.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Following this meeting we sent the Bishops a
letter, dated May 30, 2013, documenting the 12 points we discussed at our
meeting. We offered specific recommendations on how the church could help our
tribal members heal from our historic trauma.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>We also offered to help the church establish positive relationships with
the descendants of the Indians taken to the mission.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We ended the letter by saying we look forward
to working with the Bishops. No response to this letter was ever received.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">On December 20, 2013, we met with Mr. Ned Dolejsi, Executive
Director, California Catholic Conference. At our meeting we shared with him our
letter to Bishops Wilkerson and Clark. We also requested that Dr. Schindler and
I be allowed to speak at the next quarterly all Bishops Conference to inform
the attendees that there are surviving tribes from the mission period and that
the truth needs to be told regarding the history of the California missions.
Shortly after our meeting Mr. Dolejsi notified Dr.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Schindler that our request was denied. This denial
reinforced what we've believed for generations, the Catholic Church does not
acknowledge our Tribes or our humanity.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">On December 11,2012, Bishop Garcia of the Monterey Diocese
held a mass of reconciliation for the indigenous peoples and their descendants
taken to Mission San Juan Bautista.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At
this mass Bishop Garcia apologized for events of the past that were hurtful and
expressed "a desire for a new relationship that promotes common spiritual
growth, honesty, mutual respect and a desire to forgive and be forgiven for
past wrongs." Prior to this mass our Tribal Council decided that we should
"acknowledge" this apology versus to "accept" the apology.
We felt that for the apology to be sincere it had to be followed up by specific
actions that demonstrated the church's sincerity. When you announced that you
were going to canonize Serra we realized that although Bishop Garcia
apologized, the church does not understand our history, nor does it understand
the great pain and suffering it has<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>caused.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">On September 14, 1987, Pope John Paul stated in a speech
that was directed to indigenous peoples that "The early encounter between
your traditional cultures and the European way of life was an event of such
significance and change that it profoundly influences your collective life even
today. That encounter was a harsh and painful reality for your peoples."
He then added, "At the same time, in order to be objective, history must
record the deeply positive aspects of your people's encounter with the culture
that came from Europe. Among these positive aspects, I wish to recall the work
of the many missionaries who strenuously defended the rights of the original
inhabitants of this land. They</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">established missions throughout this southwestern part of
the United States."</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">As the Chairman of the Amah Mutsun I can honestly say we
fail to recognize any "positive aspects" of our cultural oppression,
physical decimation and destruction of our traditional societies. We do not
believe that the missions worked to improve our living conditions. Instead we
were enslaved, beaten, raped, and in many cases had life expectancies of less
than two years? Do the positive aspects of the mission system include its long
term legacy: tribal poverty, suicide, physical abuse, substance abuse, identity
issues, not to mention the church's denial of our humanity, our culture and our
spirituality? Do the positive aspects of the mission system include the church
continuing to hold land that was traditionally the land of our ancestors while
most current day descendants of those taken to the missions have no tribal
land?</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">In the year 2000, Pope John Paul II issued a diverse apology
on behalf of the Catholic Church. In his apology Pope John Paul said,
"Whenever the truth has been suppressed by governments and their agencies
or even by Christian communities, the wrongs done to the indigenous peoples
need to be honestly acknowledged ...The Church expresses deep regret and asks
forgiveness where her children have been or still are party to these wrongs
...The past cannot be undone, but honest recognition of past injustices can
lead to measures and attitudes that will help to rectify the damaging effects
for both the indigenous community and the wider society."</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">The Amah Mutsun assert that the truth of Fr. Serra's
destruction of our Tribal culture, spirituality, and lives continues to be
intentionally suppressed and never honestly acknowledged by the Catholic
Church. Interestingly, Pope John Paul also said, “An excuse is worse and more
terrible than a lie, for an excuse is a lie [that is] guarded."<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Amah Mutsun believe that for Fr. Junipero
Serra to be canonized, the Catholic Church must create an excuse for his brutal
actions and for the devastating mission system that he created.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">Speaking on behalf of the Amah Mutsun Tribal Band, we would
like you to know that should you go forward with your announced intentions to
canonize Serra, please know that we rescind the request we made in our letters
to you for a mass of reconciliation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
canonization of Serra will be a clear message to our Tribe that the church does
not care about our true history or our historic trauma.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Furthermore, please know that if Fr. Serra is
canonized, the Amah Mutsun reject the diverse apology offered by Pope John Paul
to all indigenous people as our Tribe can only conclude that his apology, which
was an apology ostensibly on behalf of the catholic church, was meaningless and
insincere.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">A book titled A Cross of Thorns, The Enslavement of
California's Indians by the Spanish Missions, by author Elias Castillo, will be
released soon. The book is the result of more than six years of research and
study of original documents including eyewitness accounts by early travelers,
records kept by the friars, and historic letters by church and government
authorities in Alta California and Mexico. A Cross of Thorns describes the
brutality of Serra and the dark and violent reality of mission life. Castillo
wrote, "Even a fellow Franciscan, Fr. Antonio de la Conception Horra,
wrote in 1799 that The treatment of the Indians is the most cruel I have ever
read in history. For the slightest things they receive heavy floggings, are
shackled, and put in the stocks, and treated with so much cruelty that they are
kept whole days without a drink of water." In 1820, the last Spanish Padre
Presidente of the missions, Father Mariano Payeras, worriedly wrote his
superior in Mexico City that they, "had to come up with an alibi when
people started asking where all the Indians had gone. Unless they had an
excuse, the Franciscans would be subjected to scorn and scandal. Wrote Payeras:
All we have done to the Indians is consecrate them, baptize them and bury them."<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is also our belief that in addition to
canonizing Serra based on Bulls, you are also basing his canonization on the
alibi created by the Franciscans and not the reality of his actions. The
publisher of this book, Linden Publishing Inc., provided the enclosed copy of A
Cross of Thorns; we hope that by reading this book you will have a new
understanding of Fr. Serra and the California Missions.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">It's important for you to know that our Amah Mutsun Creation
story tells us that Creator very specifically selected our people to live on
the lands of our traditional tribal territory that we know as
Popouloutchum.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Creator unambiguously
gave our Tribe the responsibility of taking care of Mother Earth and all living
things. This is true for all Native American tribes. Our people worked hard to
please Creator and to fulfill our obligations.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>At first contact with Europeans our Tribe, as all other tribes of</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">California, were already civilized; we actively managed the
landscape, we were subject to authority, and we had laws. We had a
well-developed and sophisticated culture and we were very spiritual. All of our
songs were prayer songs and all of our dances were prayer dances.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Our people continually prayed so</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">that they lived their life with their heart, mind, body and soul.
They prayed for balance in their life, their family and their world. They
prayed for their relationship with Mother Earth, with other human beings and
with Creator.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Father Boscana, a Franciscan Scholar, and mission priest,
who wrote of the Indians near San Juan Capistrano stated that "the Indians
of California may be compared to a species of monkeys." He was incorrect.
Our ancestors were not monkeys, they were not pagan, they were not heathens,
and they were not savages. Our members believe that Creator will harshly judge
those responsible for the events at the missions that led to the death of so
many of our ancestors and the destruction of our culture.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">This particularly includes Fr. Serra, who you now intend to
canonize.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">The Amah Mutsun again ask, Holy Father, that if you choose
to go forward with the naming of Junipero Serra as a Saint, that before doing
so you rescind Pope John Paul's apology to Native Americans.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At the very least, please rescind his apology
to the Amah Mutsun.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In addition, should
you go forward with your plans to canonize Junipero Serra we rescind our
request that you offer a mass of reconciliation to the descendants of those
taken to the California missions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
Amah Mutsun would consider that apology as being the same as knocking someone
down and then apologizing by saying, “I’m sorry I knocked you down, now let me
kick you."<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To this we must say,
"No thank you."</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">In this letter, we have talked about the need for
healing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We are well aware, however,
that it is important not only for our Tribe to heal, it is important for all
perpetrators to heal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This includes the
Catholic Church, and other governments and individuals who have caused harm and
loss to the California Indians.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There
can be no doubt that our efforts to begin to work on this healing were clearly
rejected by the Catholic Church.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">The Amah Mutsun Tribal Band sends this letter with our hope
and prayers that you will reevaluate your decision to canonize Junipero Serra
and that you reevaluate the Church's relationship with the descendants of all
California Indians taken to the missions.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">kansireesum - With our heart,</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Valentin Lopez, Chairman Amah Mutsun Tribal Band</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">(916)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>743-5833</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">oc:<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Mr. tif.ed<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>si,.Executive Director</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Calfornia Catholic Conference 1119 K Street, Second Floor</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Sacramento, CA 95814</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Bishop Gerald Wilkerson</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">San Fernando Pastoral Region</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">15101 San Fernando Mission Boulevard Mission Hills, CA
91345-1109</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Bishop Edward Clark</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">'Regional B shop,Archdiocese of Los Angeles 3424 Wilshire
Boulevard</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Los Angeles, CA 90010-2202</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Bishop Richard Garcia Diocese of Monterey 425 Church Street</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Monterey,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>CA 93942</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><img alt="" class="ajz" data-tooltip="Show details" id=":1d4" role="button" src="https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/images/cleardot.gif" /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">YouTube:<br /><b><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z3e6PMbcrHA&feature=youtu.be" target="_blank">UNPFII Intervention by Valentin Lopez, Amah Mutsun Tribal Band </a></b><b>
</b><br />
April 23, 2015 UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues: Intervention by
Valentin Lopez, Chairman of the Amah Mutsun Tribal Band speaking in opposition
to the canonization of Fray Junipero Serra by Pope Francis of the Roman
Catholic Church, Head of the Vatican State.</span><br />
<span style="color: #990000;"><span style="font-size: large;"> *******</span></span><br />
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<a href="http://doctrineofdiscoveryforum.blogspot.com/2015/05/banda-tribal-amah-mutsun-carta-abierta_29.html"><span style="font-size: large;">Banda Tribal Amah Mutsun: Carta abierta al Papa Francisco</span></a></h3>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #990000;">******** </span></span></h3>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #990000;">Click Here: </span></span></h3>
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<span style="font-size: large;"> <a href="http://amahmutsun.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Letter_to_Pope_Francis_re_Serra.pdf">DOWNLOAD THE OFFICIAL LETTER FROM THE AMAH MUTSON TRIBAL BAND</a></span></h3>
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<span style="font-size: large;">******* </span></h3>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Please consider sending a letter of support and solidarity to:</span> </span></h3>
<b><span style="font-size: large;">His Holiness Pope Francis Casa de Marta</span></b><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">Vatican City Rome 00120</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">Italy</span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;">*** </span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Send a copy to:</span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;">Valentin Lopez, Chairman Amah Mutsun Tribal Band</span></span></b><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">PO Box 5272<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I Galt.
CA 9562</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">February 24, 2015</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Email: </span></div>
<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"> <span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: #990000;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: #990000;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="gI">Valentin Lopez vjltestingcenter@aol.com</span></span></span></span></b></div>
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