Historically known as ''San Juan Bautista Band and San Juan
Band' Indians of California
His Holiness Pope Francis Casa de Marta
PO Box 5272 Galt,
CA 9562
February 24, 2015
February 24, 2015
His Holiness Pope Francis Casa de Marta
Vatican City Rome 00120
Italy
Re: Open Letter to Pope Francis
Your Holiness, Pope Francis,
Your Holiness, Pope Francis,
My name is Valentin Lopez and I am the Chairman of the Amah
Mutsun Tribal Band. Our historic and
continuous Tribe is comprised of the documented descendants of the indigenous
peoples taken to Missions San Juan Bautista and Santa Cruz in the state of
California, United States of America. Our Amah Mutsun Tribe is not a federally
recognized Tribe. The Federal Government of the Unites States does not
acknowledge our Tribe nor does it provide assistance to our members. We are
writing this letter to voice our disbelief and objection to your intent to
canonize Franciscan Friar Junipero Serra.
When you were first selected Pope our Amah Mutsun Tribal
Council discussed your selection on a number of occasions and we were very
optimistic. We were hopeful that you would understand the plight of the
indigenous descendant and how they have been ignored and marginalized by
society. We applauded your words of peace, justice, truth, and dignity. We were
also optimistic that you would understand how our people need to recover from
generations of oppression and pain. Your decision to canonize Fr. Serra is a clear message that our reality of
poverty, suicide, depression, substance abuse, and many other ills will continue
to impact the lives of our members for many more years and perhaps many more
generations.
Because we believed your papacy would be different we wrote
you two letters dated August 29, 2013 and April 25, 2014. In these letters we
introduced our Tribe and described our pre-contact history. We also described
our ancestor's experiences at the mission. I told you of how many of our female
ancestors were tied together by their thumbs and forced to march to the
missions. Once there they were considered the property of the mission. It's estimated that life expectancy was less
than two years at some missions. I also discussed how our current Tribal
members continue to suffer from the impact of cumulative emotional and
psychological wounding, which is otherwise known as historic trauma. This trauma
resulted from the generations of physical and emotional brutality as well as
the attempted cultural and spiritual genocide of all California native people.
Our ancestors endured this brutality not only during mission times but this
legacy continued during the Mexican and American periods. Historic trauma also results from the fact that
from mission times to the present our legitimate past and our humanity as
indigenous people have never been truly acknowledged by any governmental or
religious organization.
The two letters we sent were accompanied by letters from Dr.
Donna Schindler, psychiatrist, and Bishop Francis Quinn, Bishop Emeritus of
Sacramento California. Dr. Schindler's letters discussed historic trauma and
explained how our members continue to suffer today because of our tragic
history starting with the brutalities our ancestors suffered at the missions.
Bishop Quinn's letter, dated May 7, 2014, stated that although the
"language of these letters is sometimes very intense, I support the basic
message." In both letters we requested that you offer a mass of
reconciliation to the Indigenous people of California, as that would be an
important step in our efforts to find healing from our historic trauma.
When you announced recently that you would canonize Fr.
Junipero Serra we were in absolute disbelief. It is incomprehensible for us to
think that you would canonize a person who is ultimately responsible for the
death of approximately 100,000 California Indians and the complete
extermination of many Native tribes, cultures and languages. The brutality of
Fr. Serra is well documented in his own writings. On July 31,1775 Fr. Serra
wrote a letter to Spanish Governor Fernando de Rivera y Moncada requesting that
he punish four Indians for attempting to run away from San Carlos de Borromeo
de Carmelo mission. Fr. Serra wrote,
"I am sending them to you so that a period of exile, and two or three
whippings which Your Lordship may order
applied to them on different days may serve, for them and for all the rest, for
a warning, may be of spiritual benefit to all; and this last is the prime
motive for our work. If Your Lordship
does not have shackles, with your permission they may be sent from here. I think that the punishment should last one
month." On July 7, 1780 Fr. Serra
wrote a letter to Governor Felipe de Neve to explain his policy of whipping
Indians, "That the spiritual fathers [priests] should punish their sons,
the Indians, by blows appears to be as old as the conquest of these kingdoms."
This violence, intimidation and terror which was sponsored and ordered by Fr.
Serra clearly set the policy and foundation for all future brutal acts at the
missions. Obviously, Fr. Serra's standard for violence against the Indians was
the same standard as that used in the conquest of all of the Americas.
There were many horrendous and documented events during the
mission period in California. For
example, in 1809 a Commander of the Spanish military ordered Spanish soldiers
to massacre 200 women and children who refused to continue to march to Mission
San Juan Bautista. These women and
children were cut into pieces with sabers while the commander ordered that
their remains be scattered on the ground; this event is documented. After this atrocity "the priests swore all
of the soldiers to secrecy." While
some will argue that Junipero Serra himself was not directly responsible for
this massacre, there is no dispute that he is responsible for creating the
system that allowed these types of inhumane and depraved events to occur.
Furthermore, to remove him from the consequences of the missions would be the
same as removing the leaders of terrorist groups, or military aggressors who
acted in the name of religion of any era, including the terrorist groups of
today, from the actions of their followers.
Following your announcement that you were going to canonize
Serra, I reflected on what I believed to be the definition of a
"Saint." I have always thought that the Catholic Church considered
someone a saint only when that person followed Jesus Christ and lived his/her
life according to Christ's teaching. Frankly, I see no similarities between
Serra and Jesus Christ. The latter never used military enforcers or corporal
punishment to get people to follow his teaching, nor did he use beatings and
whippings. Jesus Christ never considered people to be property or turn them
into slaves. Jesus Christ never considered anyone to be a heathen, a pagan, or
a savage. At no time did Jesus Christ ever say that a man had no soul, nor did
Jesus Christ ever teach that the end results justified the means.
We often hear that the times were much different when Fr.
Serra first came to California and that we cannot use today's standards to
judge his actions. The Amah Mutsun
completely agrees. The Catholic Church
should not use today's standards to judge
Fr. Serra. Instead, the Catholic
Church should judge Fr. Serra against the times and the words that Jesus Christ
spoke when he was on earth; over 1,750 years before the time of Serra. Serra should have known that to follow Jesus
Christ's footsteps meant that he needed to have understanding and love for
others and that no one could or should ever be forced to accept Jesus
Christ. We read that Jesus came in peace
and he was often attacked. Fr. Serra
came in the name of Jesus, but yet he brought soldiers and was prepared to
attack. How Fr. Serra is worthy of
public veneration based upon actions most people would consider to be evil is
unfathomable.
Many of Serra's actions were acceptable to the Catholic
Church based on the Diversas Bull of 1452 and other related bulls. These bulls,
which promoted the conquest, colonization, and exploitation of non-Christian
nations, specifically granted the Pope's blessing "to capture, vanquish,
and subdue the Saracens, pagans, and other enemies of Christ and put them into
perpetual slavery and take all their possessions and their property." In
1493 Pope Alexander VI issued a law granting Spain's dominion over all lands
that Columbus had located.
On October 23, 2013 the Religious Sisters of Charity wrote
to you and asked you to publicly repudiate and rescind the Diversas Bull of
1452, the Caetera Bull of 1493, and other related bulls. To date, the Catholic
Church has refused to do this. How could the Catholic Church remove the words
and life of Jesus Christ to define sainthood and replace the definition of
sainthood with papal bulls that sanctioned Christian enslavement, power and
Spain's dominion over all lands that Columbus had located? The Amah Mutsun have
no doubt that Serra's canonization is based on these papal bulls and not the
words and actions of Jesus Christ. We join the Sisters of Charity in asking
you, Holy Father, to repudiate and rescind the Bulls referenced above.
We must add that until these bulls are rescinded we can only
conclude that the Catholic Church considers many of our ancestors, current
members and future descendants to be the enemies of Christ. We do not believe
Jesus Christ believes us to be his enemy; we'd like the church to explain this paradox.
On August 29, 2013, tribal leaders from four mission tribes,
Rudy Ortega, Tribal Administrator and Tribal Spiritual Leader, Tataviam Tribe,
Mel Vernon, Captain, Mission San Luis Rey Tribe, Ray Hernandez, Chumash, and
our Amah Mutsun Tribe, and Dr. Schindler met with Bishop Gerald Wilkerson of
San Fernando Pastoral Region and Bishop Edward Clark, Regional Bishop,
Archdiocese of Los Angeles. At these
meetings we told them of the need for the church to tell the truth regarding
Fr. Serra and the Mission period. We
also made them aware of the impact of historic trauma on our members. Following this meeting we sent the Bishops a
letter, dated May 30, 2013, documenting the 12 points we discussed at our
meeting. We offered specific recommendations on how the church could help our
tribal members heal from our historic trauma.
We also offered to help the church establish positive relationships with
the descendants of the Indians taken to the mission. We ended the letter by saying we look forward
to working with the Bishops. No response to this letter was ever received.
On December 20, 2013, we met with Mr. Ned Dolejsi, Executive
Director, California Catholic Conference. At our meeting we shared with him our
letter to Bishops Wilkerson and Clark. We also requested that Dr. Schindler and
I be allowed to speak at the next quarterly all Bishops Conference to inform
the attendees that there are surviving tribes from the mission period and that
the truth needs to be told regarding the history of the California missions.
Shortly after our meeting Mr. Dolejsi notified Dr.
Schindler that our request was denied. This denial
reinforced what we've believed for generations, the Catholic Church does not
acknowledge our Tribes or our humanity.
On December 11,2012, Bishop Garcia of the Monterey Diocese
held a mass of reconciliation for the indigenous peoples and their descendants
taken to Mission San Juan Bautista. At
this mass Bishop Garcia apologized for events of the past that were hurtful and
expressed "a desire for a new relationship that promotes common spiritual
growth, honesty, mutual respect and a desire to forgive and be forgiven for
past wrongs." Prior to this mass our Tribal Council decided that we should
"acknowledge" this apology versus to "accept" the apology.
We felt that for the apology to be sincere it had to be followed up by specific
actions that demonstrated the church's sincerity. When you announced that you
were going to canonize Serra we realized that although Bishop Garcia
apologized, the church does not understand our history, nor does it understand
the great pain and suffering it has
caused.
On September 14, 1987, Pope John Paul stated in a speech
that was directed to indigenous peoples that "The early encounter between
your traditional cultures and the European way of life was an event of such
significance and change that it profoundly influences your collective life even
today. That encounter was a harsh and painful reality for your peoples."
He then added, "At the same time, in order to be objective, history must
record the deeply positive aspects of your people's encounter with the culture
that came from Europe. Among these positive aspects, I wish to recall the work
of the many missionaries who strenuously defended the rights of the original
inhabitants of this land. They
established missions throughout this southwestern part of
the United States."
As the Chairman of the Amah Mutsun I can honestly say we
fail to recognize any "positive aspects" of our cultural oppression,
physical decimation and destruction of our traditional societies. We do not
believe that the missions worked to improve our living conditions. Instead we
were enslaved, beaten, raped, and in many cases had life expectancies of less
than two years? Do the positive aspects of the mission system include its long
term legacy: tribal poverty, suicide, physical abuse, substance abuse, identity
issues, not to mention the church's denial of our humanity, our culture and our
spirituality? Do the positive aspects of the mission system include the church
continuing to hold land that was traditionally the land of our ancestors while
most current day descendants of those taken to the missions have no tribal
land?
In the year 2000, Pope John Paul II issued a diverse apology
on behalf of the Catholic Church. In his apology Pope John Paul said,
"Whenever the truth has been suppressed by governments and their agencies
or even by Christian communities, the wrongs done to the indigenous peoples
need to be honestly acknowledged ...The Church expresses deep regret and asks
forgiveness where her children have been or still are party to these wrongs
...The past cannot be undone, but honest recognition of past injustices can
lead to measures and attitudes that will help to rectify the damaging effects
for both the indigenous community and the wider society."
The Amah Mutsun assert that the truth of Fr. Serra's
destruction of our Tribal culture, spirituality, and lives continues to be
intentionally suppressed and never honestly acknowledged by the Catholic
Church. Interestingly, Pope John Paul also said, “An excuse is worse and more
terrible than a lie, for an excuse is a lie [that is] guarded." The Amah Mutsun believe that for Fr. Junipero
Serra to be canonized, the Catholic Church must create an excuse for his brutal
actions and for the devastating mission system that he created.
Speaking on behalf of the Amah Mutsun Tribal Band, we would
like you to know that should you go forward with your announced intentions to
canonize Serra, please know that we rescind the request we made in our letters
to you for a mass of reconciliation. The
canonization of Serra will be a clear message to our Tribe that the church does
not care about our true history or our historic trauma. Furthermore, please know that if Fr. Serra is
canonized, the Amah Mutsun reject the diverse apology offered by Pope John Paul
to all indigenous people as our Tribe can only conclude that his apology, which
was an apology ostensibly on behalf of the catholic church, was meaningless and
insincere.
A book titled A Cross of Thorns, The Enslavement of
California's Indians by the Spanish Missions, by author Elias Castillo, will be
released soon. The book is the result of more than six years of research and
study of original documents including eyewitness accounts by early travelers,
records kept by the friars, and historic letters by church and government
authorities in Alta California and Mexico. A Cross of Thorns describes the
brutality of Serra and the dark and violent reality of mission life. Castillo
wrote, "Even a fellow Franciscan, Fr. Antonio de la Conception Horra,
wrote in 1799 that The treatment of the Indians is the most cruel I have ever
read in history. For the slightest things they receive heavy floggings, are
shackled, and put in the stocks, and treated with so much cruelty that they are
kept whole days without a drink of water." In 1820, the last Spanish Padre
Presidente of the missions, Father Mariano Payeras, worriedly wrote his
superior in Mexico City that they, "had to come up with an alibi when
people started asking where all the Indians had gone. Unless they had an
excuse, the Franciscans would be subjected to scorn and scandal. Wrote Payeras:
All we have done to the Indians is consecrate them, baptize them and bury them." It is also our belief that in addition to
canonizing Serra based on Bulls, you are also basing his canonization on the
alibi created by the Franciscans and not the reality of his actions. The
publisher of this book, Linden Publishing Inc., provided the enclosed copy of A
Cross of Thorns; we hope that by reading this book you will have a new
understanding of Fr. Serra and the California Missions.
It's important for you to know that our Amah Mutsun Creation
story tells us that Creator very specifically selected our people to live on
the lands of our traditional tribal territory that we know as
Popouloutchum. Creator unambiguously
gave our Tribe the responsibility of taking care of Mother Earth and all living
things. This is true for all Native American tribes. Our people worked hard to
please Creator and to fulfill our obligations.
At first contact with Europeans our Tribe, as all other tribes of
California, were already civilized; we actively managed the
landscape, we were subject to authority, and we had laws. We had a
well-developed and sophisticated culture and we were very spiritual. All of our
songs were prayer songs and all of our dances were prayer dances. Our people continually prayed so
that they lived their life with their heart, mind, body and soul.
They prayed for balance in their life, their family and their world. They
prayed for their relationship with Mother Earth, with other human beings and
with Creator.
Father Boscana, a Franciscan Scholar, and mission priest,
who wrote of the Indians near San Juan Capistrano stated that "the Indians
of California may be compared to a species of monkeys." He was incorrect.
Our ancestors were not monkeys, they were not pagan, they were not heathens,
and they were not savages. Our members believe that Creator will harshly judge
those responsible for the events at the missions that led to the death of so
many of our ancestors and the destruction of our culture.
This particularly includes Fr. Serra, who you now intend to
canonize.
The Amah Mutsun again ask, Holy Father, that if you choose
to go forward with the naming of Junipero Serra as a Saint, that before doing
so you rescind Pope John Paul's apology to Native Americans. At the very least, please rescind his apology
to the Amah Mutsun. In addition, should
you go forward with your plans to canonize Junipero Serra we rescind our
request that you offer a mass of reconciliation to the descendants of those
taken to the California missions. The
Amah Mutsun would consider that apology as being the same as knocking someone
down and then apologizing by saying, “I’m sorry I knocked you down, now let me
kick you." To this we must say,
"No thank you."
In this letter, we have talked about the need for
healing. We are well aware, however,
that it is important not only for our Tribe to heal, it is important for all
perpetrators to heal. This includes the
Catholic Church, and other governments and individuals who have caused harm and
loss to the California Indians. There
can be no doubt that our efforts to begin to work on this healing were clearly
rejected by the Catholic Church.
The Amah Mutsun Tribal Band sends this letter with our hope
and prayers that you will reevaluate your decision to canonize Junipero Serra
and that you reevaluate the Church's relationship with the descendants of all
California Indians taken to the missions.
kansireesum - With our heart,
Valentin Lopez, Chairman Amah Mutsun Tribal Band
(916) 743-5833
(916) 743-5833
oc: Mr. tif.ed si,.Executive Director
Calfornia Catholic Conference 1119 K Street, Second Floor
Sacramento, CA 95814
Bishop Gerald Wilkerson
San Fernando Pastoral Region
15101 San Fernando Mission Boulevard Mission Hills, CA
91345-1109
Bishop Edward Clark
'Regional B shop,Archdiocese of Los Angeles 3424 Wilshire
Boulevard
Los Angeles, CA 90010-2202
Bishop Richard Garcia Diocese of Monterey 425 Church Street
Monterey, CA 93942
YouTube:
UNPFII Intervention by Valentin Lopez, Amah Mutsun Tribal Band
April 23, 2015 UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues: Intervention by Valentin Lopez, Chairman of the Amah Mutsun Tribal Band speaking in opposition to the canonization of Fray Junipero Serra by Pope Francis of the Roman Catholic Church, Head of the Vatican State.
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UNPFII Intervention by Valentin Lopez, Amah Mutsun Tribal Band
April 23, 2015 UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues: Intervention by Valentin Lopez, Chairman of the Amah Mutsun Tribal Band speaking in opposition to the canonization of Fray Junipero Serra by Pope Francis of the Roman Catholic Church, Head of the Vatican State.
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Banda Tribal Amah Mutsun: Carta abierta al Papa Francisco
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Click Here:
DOWNLOAD THE OFFICIAL LETTER FROM THE AMAH MUTSON TRIBAL BAND
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Please consider sending a letter of support and solidarity to:
His Holiness Pope Francis Casa de Marta
Vatican City Rome 00120
Italy
***
Send a copy to:
Valentin Lopez, Chairman Amah Mutsun Tribal Band
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Send a copy to:
Valentin Lopez, Chairman Amah Mutsun Tribal Band
PO Box 5272 I Galt.
CA 9562
February 24, 2015
Email:
Valentin Lopez vjltestingcenter@aol.comFebruary 24, 2015
Email: